{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:10:58Z","timestamp":1787065858648,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012330","name":"Okayama University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Esophagus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Surgical resection of esophageal cancer is frequently performed to achieve a complete cure. However, the postoperative recurrence rate is 36.8\u201342.5%, leading to poor prognosis. Radiation therapy has been used to treat recurrences; solitary recurrence has been proposed as a prognostic factor for radiation therapy, though its significance is unclear.\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is a highly accurate diagnostic modality for esophageal cancer. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the outcomes of solitary postoperative recurrences of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed with\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and treated with definitive radiation therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined 27 patients who underwent definitive radiation therapy for single or multiple postoperative recurrences of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between May 2015 and April 2021.\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography was performed within 3\u00a0months before the commencement of radiation therapy. Kaplan\u2013Meier, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the overall survival and identify potential prognostic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 85.2%, 62.6%, and 47.3%, respectively, and solitary recurrence was the only significant factor associated with overall survival (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates in patients with solitary recurrence were 91.7%, 80.2%, and 80.2%, respectively, and in patients with multiple recurrences they were 80.0%, 50.3%, and 25.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis also showed solitary recurrence as a significant factor for overall survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When diagnosed with\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography, solitary recurrence appears to have a more favorable prognosis than multiple recurrences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T06:03:58Z","timestamp":1680847438000},"page":"548-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Outcomes of solitary postoperative recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed with FDG-PET\/CT and treated with definitive radiation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7053-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Ihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Yoshio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichi","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soshi","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Noma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Hiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1747-7","volume":"18","author":"H Miyata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyata H, Yamasaki M, Kurokawa Y, et al. Survival factors in patients with recurrence after curative resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:3353\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-009-0221-0","volume":"7","author":"Y Toh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toh Y, Oki E, Minami K, et al. Follow-up and recurrence after a curative esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer: the first indicators for recurrence and their prognostic values. Esophagus. 2010;7:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"1000_CR3","first-page":"3461","volume":"25","author":"H Kato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kato H, Fukuchi M, Miyazaki T, et al. Classification of recurrent esophageal cancer after radical esophagectomy with two- or three-field lymphadenectomy. Anticancer Res. 2005;25:3461\u20137.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"1000_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrac100","author":"J Chu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chu J, Wang F. Prognostic analysis of radiotherapy for cervical lymph node recurrence after curative resection of the thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Radiat Res. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrac100. (published online ahead of print, 2023 Jan 10).","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"1000_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.05.003","volume":"108","author":"Q Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhu Z, Chen Y, et al. Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020;108:707\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1000_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1377-y","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Yin W, Yao H, et al. Salvage treatment for lymph node recurrence after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiat Oncol. 2019;14:169.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyx171","volume":"48","author":"T Kawamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawamoto T, Nihei K, Sasai K, et al. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of chemoradiotherapy for postoperative lymph node recurrence of esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2018;48:259\u201364.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-018-0622-z","volume":"15","author":"T Kawamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawamoto T, Nihei K, Sasai K, et al. Involved-field chemoradiotherapy for postoperative solitary lymph node recurrence of esophageal cancer. Esophagus. 2018;15:256\u201362.","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"1000_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0780-5","volume":"12","author":"H Yamashita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamashita H, Jingu K, Niibe Y, et al. Definitive salvage radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy for lymph node oligo-recurrence of esophageal cancer: a Japanese multi-institutional study of 237 patients. Radiat Oncol. 2017;12:38.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyx092","volume":"47","author":"T Kimoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kimoto T, Yamazaki H, Suzuki G, et al. Local field radiotherapy without elective nodal irradiation for postoperative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017;47:809\u201314.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12068","volume":"27","author":"R Kobayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kobayashi R, Yamashita H, Okuma K, et al. Salvage radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy for postoperative locoregional recurrence of esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus. 2014;27:72\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"1000_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-28","volume":"9","author":"DY Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma DY, Tan BX, Liu M, et al. Concurrent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and chemotherapy for postoperative recurrence of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 2 single-institution study. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:28.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-542","volume":"12","author":"K Jingu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jingu K, Matsushita H, Takeda K, et al. Long-term results of radiotherapy combined with nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil for postoperative loco-regional recurrent esophageal cancer: update on a phase II study. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:542.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1000_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-0978-x","volume":"35","author":"T Kosuga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kosuga T, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, et al. Treatment outcome and prognosis of patients with lymph node recurrence of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after curative resection. World J Surg. 2011;35:798\u2013804.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1000_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.065","volume":"78","author":"JC Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu JC, Kong C, Tao H. Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for lymph node recurrence after radical surgery of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;78:710\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1000_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-0016-x","volume":"15","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Ota M, Narumiya K, et al. Multimodal treatment for lymph node recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:2451\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hym138","volume":"37","author":"Y Shioyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shioyama Y, Nakamura K, Ohga S, et al. Radiation therapy for recurrent esophageal cancer after surgery: clinical results and prognostic factors. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007;37:918\u201323.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2006.00543.x","volume":"19","author":"M Yano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yano M, Takachi K, Doki Y, et al. Prognosis of patients who develop cervical lymph node recurrence following curative resection for thoracic esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus. 2006;19:73\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"1000_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2003.31","volume":"133","author":"H Shimada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimada H, Kitabayashi H, Nabeya Y, et al. Treatment response and prognosis of patients after recurrence of esophageal cancer. Surgery. 2003;133:24\u201331.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"1000_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(01)00392-9","volume":"61","author":"K Nemoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nemoto K, Ariga H, Kakuto Y, et al. Radiation therapy for loco-regionally recurrent esophageal cancer after surgery. Radiother Oncol. 2001;61:165\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32487-5","volume":"393","author":"DA Palma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palma DA, Olson R, Harrow S, et al. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET): a randomised, phase 2, open-label trial. Lancet. 2019;393:2051\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1000_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20724","volume":"103","author":"H Kato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kato H, Miyazaki T, Nakajima M, et al. The incremental effect of positron emission tomography on diagnostic accuracy in the initial staging of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;103:148\u201356.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1000_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.01.083","volume":"22","author":"HL van Westreenen","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Westreenen HL, Westerterp M, Bossuyt PMM, et al. Systematic review of the staging performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3805\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1000_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11128","volume":"36","author":"M Kudou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kudou M, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, et al. Efficacy of PET-CT in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrence after esophageal cancer surgery. Anticancer Res. 2016;36:5473\u201380.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"1000_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001229","volume":"41","author":"SS Pande","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pande SS, Purandare N, Puranik A, et al. Role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in restaging of esophageal cancer after curative-intent surgical resection. Nucl Med Commun. 2020;41:959\u201364.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"1000_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.155580","volume":"56","author":"L Goense","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goense L, van Rossum PSN, Reitsma JB, et al. Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET and PET\/CT for the detection of recurrent esophageal cancer after treatment with curative intent: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:995\u20131002.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"1000_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03275-0","volume":"16","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ishikawa Y, Suzuki M, Yamaguchi H, et al. Long-term survival after definitive proton beam therapy for oligorecurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16:68.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"1000_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30181-X","volume":"18","author":"T Kudo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kudo T, Hamamoto Y, Kato K, et al. Nivolumab treatment for oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:631\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T09:15:11Z","timestamp":1685610911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10388-023-01000-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-9059","1612-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. The requirement for written informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}