{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:26:20Z","timestamp":1788279980619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Esophagus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:13:59Z","timestamp":1768220039000},"page":"275-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: the effect of potassium-competitive acid blockers on nighttime symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thai Hau","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnie","family":"Fass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1817385","volume":"22","author":"N Chapelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chapelle N, Ben Ghezala I, Barkun A, et al. The pharmacotherapeutic management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021;22(2):219\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2020.1817385.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"1181_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313589","volume":"67","author":"LH Eusebi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eusebi LH, Ratnakumaran R, Yuan Y, et al. Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: a meta-analysis. Gut. 2018;67(3):430\u201340.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001538","volume":"117","author":"PO Katz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, et al. ACG clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol ACG. 2022;117(1):27\u201356.","journal-title":"Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol ACG."},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225631.07039.6d","volume":"41","author":"R Fass","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fass R. Erosive esophagitis and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD): comparison of epidemiologic, physiologic, and therapeutic characteristics. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(2):131\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1181_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.444","volume":"108","author":"PO Katz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol ACG. 2013;108(3):308\u201328.","journal-title":"Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol ACG."},{"issue":"8","key":"1181_CR6","first-page":"605","volume":"3","author":"WC Orr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orr WC. Management of nighttime gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2007;3(8):605\u20136.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9808014","volume":"161","author":"G Cuttitta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cuttitta G, Cibella F, Visconti A, et al. Spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux and airway patency during the night in adult asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(1):177\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9808014.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2011.17.2.105","volume":"17","author":"KJ Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee KJ. Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux: assessment and clinical implications. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;17(2):105\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5056\/jnm.2011.17.2.105.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1181_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03189.x","volume":"25","author":"RW Dubois","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubois RW, Aguilar D, Fass R, et al. Consequences of frequent nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux disease among employed adults: symptom severity, quality of life and work productivity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(4):487\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03189.x.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1181_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.5.1658","volume":"127","author":"R Fass","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fass R, Quan SF, O\u2019Connor GT, et al. Predictors of heartburn during sleep in a large prospective cohort study. Chest. 2005;127(5):1658\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.127.5.1658.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16615","volume":"12","author":"DS Sandhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sandhu DS, Fass R. Current trends in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gut Liver. 2018;12(1):7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5009\/gnl16615.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"1181_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm15105","volume":"21","author":"R Dickman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dickman R, Maradey-Romero C, Gingold-Belfer R, et al. Unmet needs in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;21(3):309.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"1181_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2147\/ceg.S121056","volume":"11","author":"J Mermelstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mermelstein J, Chait Mermelstein A, Chait MM. Proton pump inhibitor-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: challenges and solutions. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2018;11:119\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ceg.S121056.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1181_CR14","first-page":"693","volume":"18","author":"N Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong N, Reddy A, Patel A. Potassium-competitive acid blockers: present and potential utility in the armamentarium for acid peptic disorders. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2022;18(12):693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1181_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18029","volume":"24","author":"T Oshima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oshima T, Miwa H. Potent potassium-competitive acid blockers: a new era for the treatment of acid-related diseases. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;24(3):334\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5056\/jnm18029.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2024.2320081","volume":"136","author":"CM Antequera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antequera CM, Orleck K, Jacob R, et al. Potassium-competitive acid blockers: rethinking acid suppression for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Helicobacter pylori. Postgrad Med. 2024;136(2):131\u201340.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1181_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.13053","volume":"8","author":"DM Simadibrata","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simadibrata DM, Lesmana E, Pratama MIA, et al. A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: efficacy and safety of potassium\u2010competitive acid blocker compared with proton pump inhibitor in the maintenance of healed erosive esophagitis. JGH Open. 2024;8(3):e13053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.13053.","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.041","volume":"164","author":"L Laine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laine L, DeVault K, Katz P, et al. Vonoprazan versus lansoprazole for healing and maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis: a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2023;164(1):61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.041.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15062","volume":"49","author":"T Oshima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oshima T, Arai E, Taki M, et al. Randomised clinical trial: vonoprazan versus lansoprazole for the initial relief of heartburn in patients with erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(2):140\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15062.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"1181_CR20","first-page":"ED00142","volume":"2019","author":"M Cumpston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2019;2019(10):ED00142.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev."},{"key":"1181_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1181_CR22","unstructured":"EndNote. Version EndNote 20. Clarivate; 2013."},{"key":"1181_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, et al. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2007.00658.x","volume":"20","author":"V Velanovich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Velanovich V. The development of the GERD-HRQL symptom severity instrument. Dis Esophagus. 2007;20(2):130\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2007.00658.x.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2013.19.1.54","volume":"19","author":"N Takashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takashi N, Takaomi K, Yuji O, et al. Comparative study of 2 different questionnaires in Japanese patients: the Quality of Life and Utility Evaluation Survey Technology Questionnaire (QUEST) versus the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (FSSG). J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;19(1):54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5056\/jnm.2013.19.1.54.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2008.31.2.73","volume":"31","author":"S Kwon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kwon S, Jung H-K, Hong JH, et al. Diagnostic validity of the Korean gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (KGSRS) in the assessment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Ewha Med J. 2008;31(2):73\u201380.","journal-title":"Ewha Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1181_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.04.15.2","volume":"15","author":"SY Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung SY, Cho CH, Rhee MK, et al. Development of a modified Korean version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale reflecting Korean sociocultural lifestyle. Psychiatry Investig. 2018;15(7):687\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2018.04.15.2.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"1181_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199920020-00002","volume":"20","author":"EG Brown","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brown EG, Wood L, Wood S. The medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA). Drug Saf. 1999;20(2):109\u201317.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1181_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2019;205\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch8"},{"issue":"7","key":"1181_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802211022385","volume":"30","author":"A Hodkinson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hodkinson A, Kontopantelis E. Applications of simple and accessible methods for meta-analysis involving rare events: a simulation study. Stat Methods Med Res. 2021;30(7):1589\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09622802211022385.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"1181_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.05.004","author":"L Laine","year":"2024","unstructured":"Laine L, Spechler S, Yadlapati R, et al. Vonoprazan is efficacious for treatment of heartburn in non-erosive reflux disease: a randomized trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.05.004.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1181_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000101","volume":"10","author":"Y Kinoshita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinoshita Y, Sakurai Y, Takabayashi N, et al. Efficacy and safety of vonoprazan in patients with nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(11):e00101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000101.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"44","key":"1181_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6294","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i44.6294","volume":"28","author":"KN Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee KN, Lee OY, Chun HJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fexuprazan compared with esomeprazole in erosive esophagitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(44):6294\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v28.i44.6294.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm22104","volume":"29","author":"JS Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JS, Seo SI, Kang SH, et al. Effects of tegoprazan versus esomeprazole on nighttime heartburn and sleep quality in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2023;29(1):58.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"1181_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18139","volume":"25","author":"H Mori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mori H, Suzuki H. Role of acid suppression in acid-related diseases: proton pump inhibitor and potassium-competitive acid blocker. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;25(1):6.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"6","key":"1181_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-008-0098-4","volume":"10","author":"JM Shin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shin JM, Sachs G. Pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008;10(6):528\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-008-0098-4.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1181_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16477","volume":"54","author":"SH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim SH, Cho KB, Chun HJ, et al. Randomised clinical trial: comparison of tegoprazan and placebo in non-erosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021;54(4):402\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.16477.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1181_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.025","volume":"20","author":"R Yadlapati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadlapati R, Gyawali CP, Pandolfino JE. AGA clinical practice update on the personalized approach to the evaluation and management of GERD: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(5):984-994.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.025.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1181_CR39","unstructured":"Fass R, Talley N, Grove S. Approach to refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults. UpToDate Waltham, MA: UpToDate. 2022."},{"issue":"9","key":"1181_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318205e164","volume":"45","author":"S Gaddam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gaddam S, Maddur H, Wani S, et al. Risk factors for nocturnal reflux in a large GERD cohort. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;45(9):764\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318205e164.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1181_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438698","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1438698","volume":"11","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Liu J, Xu L, et al. Exacerbation of symptoms, nocturnal acid reflux, and impaired autonomic function are associated with sleep disturbance in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. Front Med. 2024;11:1438698.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1181_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.09.004","volume":"8","author":"C Scarpignato","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scarpignato C, Hunt RH. Proton pump inhibitors: the beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008;8(6):677\u201384.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1181_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.06.038","volume":"167","author":"A Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel A, Laine L, Moayyedi P, et al. AGA clinical practice update on integrating potassium-competitive acid blockers into clinical practice: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2024;167(6):1228\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.06.038.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:13:57Z","timestamp":1774984437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10388-025-01181-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-9059","1612-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ronnie Fass: Advisor \u2013 Takeda, Phathom Pharmaceuticals, GERDCare, Celexio, Dexcal, Carnot, Syneos, GIE Medical, BrainTree Labs\/Sebela, Renexxion and Daewoong. Speaker: AstraZeneca, Takeda, Eisai Pharmaceuticals, Medicamenta, Carnot, Daewoong and Megalab. The remaining author did not have any conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was not required for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Patient consent was not required for this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent"}}]}}