{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:00:32Z","timestamp":1789909232048,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Esophagus"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:39:47Z","timestamp":1789861187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory sarcopenia defined by paraspinal muscle mass and peak expiratory flow predicts postoperative pneumonia after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a comparison with sternocleidomastoid muscle mass"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0550-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shota","family":"Sawai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Nakatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hawke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ogiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-020-01482-4","volume":"69","author":"S Fujishima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujishima S, Tsujimoto H, Nagata K, et al. Postoperative pneumonia causes the loss of skeletal muscle volume and poor prognosis in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;69:84\u201390.","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5993-z","volume":"32","author":"T Uchihara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uchihara T, Yoshida N, Baba Y, et al. Risk factors for pulmonary morbidities after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:2852\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"1255_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-022-02620-6","volume":"53","author":"T Fukushima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fukushima T, Watanabe N, Okita Y, et al. The evaluation of the association between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative pneumonia and factors for preoperative sarcopenia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Today. 2023;53:782\u201390.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"1255_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1587-5","volume":"25","author":"A Nagano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagano A, Wakabayashi H, Maeda K, et al. Respiratory sarcopenia and sarcopenic respiratory disability: concepts, diagnosis, and treatment. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25:507\u201315.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1255_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303877","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1303877","volume":"13","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang M, Xiong Y, Chen M, et al. Psoas muscle mass index and peak expiratory flow as measures of sarcopenia: relation to outcomes of elderly patients with resectable esophageal cancer. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1303877.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1255_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-03185-w","volume":"20","author":"DJ Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han DJ, Na KJ, Yun T, et al. Effects of respiratory sarcopenia on the postoperative course in elderly lung cancer patient: a retrospective study. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;20:71.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184725","author":"T Yoshimura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshimura T, Suzuki H, Takayama H, et al. Prognostic role of preoperative sarcopenia evaluation of cervical muscles with long-term outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13184725.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1255_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000527100","volume":"102","author":"M Shiraishi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shiraishi M, Higashimoto Y, Sugiya R, et al. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Thickness Correlates with Exercise Tolerance in Patients with COPD. Respiration. 2023;102:64\u201373.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"1255_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14519","volume":"23","author":"S Sato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sato S, Miyazaki S, Tamaki A, et al. Respiratory sarcopenia: A position paper by four professional organizations. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2023;23:5\u201315.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1255_CR10","first-page":"1001","volume":"85","author":"T Onodera","year":"1984","unstructured":"Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1984;85:1001\u20135.","journal-title":"Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"1255_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10503-8","volume":"38","author":"L Tabor Gray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tabor Gray L, McElheny KL, Vasilopoulos T, et al. Predictors of peak expiratory cough flow in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dysphagia. 2023;38:719\u201325.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1255_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70124","volume":"25","author":"T Kera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kera T, Kawai H, Ejiri M, et al. Comparative analysis of the maximal respiratory pressure and peak expiratory flow rate in diagnosing probable respiratory sarcopenia - The Otassha study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2025;25:1253\u20139.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1255_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2014.03.003","volume":"52","author":"M Kubota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kubota M, Kobayashi H, Quanjer PH, et al. Reference values for spirometry, including vital capacity, in Japanese adults calculated with the LMS method and compared with previous values. Respir Investig. 2014;52:242\u201350.","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"1255_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1972.106.1.38","volume":"106","author":"RM Cherniack","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cherniack RM, Raber MB. Normal standards for ventilatory function using an automated wedge spirometer. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1972;106:38\u201346.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"1255_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1282-6","volume":"17","author":"J Abbas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abbas J, Slon V, May H, Peled N, et al. Paraspinal muscles density: a marker for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:422.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"1255_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae","volume":"240","author":"D Dindo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","volume":"48","author":"Y Kanda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48:452\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"1255_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200207000-00007","volume":"81","author":"AA Suarez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suarez AA, Pessolano FA, Monteiro SG, et al. Peak flow and peak cough flow in the evaluation of expiratory muscle weakness and bulbar impairment in patients with neuromuscular disease. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;81:506\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1255_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0086-2016","author":"M McIlwaine","year":"2017","unstructured":"McIlwaine M, Bradley J, Elborn JS, et al. Personalising airway clearance in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0086-2016.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"1255_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.111203","volume":"102","author":"L Schweitzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schweitzer L, Geisler C, Pourhassan M, et al. What is the best reference site for a single MRI slice to assess whole-body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes in healthy adults? Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102:58\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1255_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.10.034","volume":"49","author":"C Nelke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nelke C, Dziewas R, Minnerup J, et al. Skeletal muscle as potential central link between sarcopenia and immune senescence. EBioMedicine. 2019;49:381\u20138.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1255_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.504","volume":"30","author":"MJ Ko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko MJ, Jung EJ, Kim MH, et al. Effects of deep breathing on internal oblique and multifidus muscle activity in three sitting postures. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30:504\u20136.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"1255_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.70092","volume":"132","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Wakasa M, Okura K, et al. Respiratory sarcopenia is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2025;132:1163\u201372.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1255_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318232e75b","volume":"254","author":"WN Welvaart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Welvaart WN, Paul MA, Stienen GJ, et al. Selective diaphragm muscle weakness after contractile inactivity during thoracic surgery. Ann Surg. 2011;254:1044\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07455-1","volume":"35","author":"T Oshikiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oshikiri T, Takiguchi G, Hasegawa H, et al. Postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is associated with pneumonia in minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2021;35:837\u201344.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"1255_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-9","volume":"16","author":"JO Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee JO, Yun JK, Jeong YH, et al. Management for recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis following oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: thoracic surgeon perspective. J Thorac Dis. 2024;16:3805\u201317.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"1255_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.08.038","volume":"140","author":"MF Berry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berry MF, Atkins BZ, Tong BC, et al. A comprehensive evaluation for aspiration after esophagectomy reduces the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140:1266\u201371.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7611","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247611","volume":"13","author":"Y Taniyama","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taniyama Y, Okamoto H, Sato C, et al. Prevention and management of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in minimally invasive esophagectomy: current status and future perspectives. J Clin Med. 2024;13:7611.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1255_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10803","volume":"105","author":"K Valkenet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valkenet K, Trappenburg JCA, Ruurda JP, et al. Multicentre randomized clinical trial of inspiratory muscle training versus usual care before surgery for oesophageal cancer. Br J Surg. 2018;105:502\u201311.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1255_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9352","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16180-1","volume":"31","author":"H Mizusawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mizusawa H, Higashimoto Y, Shiraishi O, et al. Inspiratory muscle training before esophagectomy increases diaphragmatic excursion: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024;31:9352\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"}],"container-title":["Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1789905730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["1255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10388-026-01255-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-9059","1612-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Shizuoka General Hospital (SGHIRB#2025044). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent or substitute for it was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}