{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:09:14Z","timestamp":1784830154612,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EcoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T15:05:32Z","timestamp":1411657532000},"page":"298-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clinical and Pathological Findings in Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Gladstone, Queensland: Investigations of a Stranding Epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Flint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin J.","family":"Limpus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"972_CR1","first-page":"41","volume":"3","author":"SNT Besar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Besar SNT, Shazili NAM, Abdullah SA, and Mamat AS (2008). Experimental and field study on accumulation of heavy metals in seagrasses (Halodule pinifolia and Halophila minor) in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 3:41-73","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainability Science and Management"},{"key":"972_CR2","unstructured":"Biddle TM, Limpus CJ (2011). Marine wildlife stranding and mortality database annual reports 2005\u20132010. Marine Turtles 2010(1)"},{"key":"972_CR3","first-page":"269","volume":"10","author":"KA Bjorndal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, and Chaloupka M (2000). Green Turtle Somatic Growth Model: Evidence Fordensity Dependence. Ecological Applications 10:269-282","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"972_CR4","volume-title":"Record-Breaking La Nina Events. An Analysis of the La Nina Life Cycle and the Impacts and Significance of the 2010\u201311 and 2011\u201312 La Nina Events in Australia","author":"BOM","year":"2012","unstructured":"BOM (2012). Record-breaking La Nina events. An analysis of the La Nina life cycle and the impacts and significance of the 2010-11 and 2011-12 La Nina events in Australia. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne"},{"key":"972_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50032-8","volume-title":"Reptile Medicine and Surgery","author":"TW Campbell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Campbell TW (2006). Clinical pathology of reptiles. Pages 453-470 in D. R. Mader, editor. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis, Missouri"},{"key":"972_CR6","unstructured":"DEHP (2011) Marine Strandings until 20 December 2011. http:\/\/www.ehp.qld.gov.au\/wildlife\/caring-for-wildlife\/pdfs\/marine-strandings-update-201211.pdf . Accessed January 3, 2012"},{"key":"972_CR7","unstructured":"DERM (2011a). Gladstone seasonal events. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane"},{"key":"972_CR8","unstructured":"DERM (2011b). Port Curtis and tributaries. Comparisons of current and historical water quality. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane"},{"key":"972_CR9","unstructured":"Diggles B, Diggles G (2014). Submission to the independent review into the leaking bund wall at the Port of Gladstone. Banksia Beach"},{"key":"972_CR10","volume-title":"Eisler\u2019s Encyclopaedia of Environmentally Hazardous Priority Chemicals","author":"R Eisler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eisler R (2007). Eisler\u2019s Encyclopaedia of environmentally hazardous priority chemicals. Elsevier, Oxford"},{"key":"972_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.06.011","volume":"185","author":"M Flint","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flint M, Morton JM, Limpus CJ, Patterson-Kane J, Murray J, and Mills PC (2010a). Development and application of biochemical and haematological reference intervals to identify unhealthy green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). The Veterinary Journal 185:299-304","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"972_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0300-7","volume":"7","author":"M Flint","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flint M, Patterson-Kane JC, Limpus CJ, and Mills PC (2010c). Health Surveillance of Stranded Green Turtles in Southern Queensland, Australia (2006-2009): An Epidemiological Analysis of Causes of Disease and Mortality. Ecohealth 7:135-145","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"972_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100601","volume":"21","author":"M Flint","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flint M, Patterson-Kane JC, Limpus CJ, Work TM, Blair D, and Mills PC (2009). Postmortem diagnostic investigation of disease in free-ranging marine turtle populations: a review of common pathologic findings and protocols. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:733-759","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"972_CR14","unstructured":"Fox J (2011) R Commander. R Commander. Reference manual. http:\/\/cran.rproject.org\/web\/packages\/Rcmdr\/Rcmdr.pdf . Accessed October 21, 2011"},{"key":"972_CR15","unstructured":"Gaus C, Grant S, Jin NL, Goot K, Chen L, Villa AC, et al. (2012). Investigation of contaminant levels in green turtles from Gladstone. National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox)"},{"key":"972_CR16","volume-title":"Briefing\u2014Western Basin Dredging and Disposal Project","author":"Gladstone Ports Corporation","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gladstone Ports Corporation (2011). Briefing - Western basin dredging and disposal project. Environmental impacts., Gladstone, Queensland"},{"key":"972_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3354\/dao009097","volume":"9","author":"JS Glazebrook","year":"1990","unstructured":"Glazebrook JS, and Campbell RSF (1990). A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia II. Oceanarium-reared and wild turtles. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 9:97-104","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"972_CR18","volume-title":"A Necropsy-Based Study of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South-East Queensland Thesis","author":"AN Gordon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gordon AN (2005). A necropsy-based study of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in south-east Queensland Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane"},{"key":"972_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589803500102","volume":"35","author":"AN Gordon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gordon AN, Kelly WR, and Cribb TH (1998). Lesions caused by cardiovascular flukes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Veterinary Pathology 35:21-30","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"972_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-29.3.490","volume":"29","author":"AN Gordon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gordon AN, Kelly WR, and Lester RJG (1993). Epizootic mortality of free-living green turtles, Chelonia mydas, due to coccidiosis. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29:490-494","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"972_CR21","unstructured":"Guinea ML, Chatto R (1992). Sea turtles killed in Australian shark fin fishery. Marine Turtle Newsletter, pp 5\u20136"},{"key":"972_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.34.4.2008.412","volume":"34","author":"KM Halvorsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halvorsen KM, and Keith EO (2008). Immunosuppression cascade in the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Aquatic Mammals 34:412-419","journal-title":"Aquatic Mammals"},{"key":"972_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3354\/dao070139","volume":"70","author":"ER Jacobson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson ER, Homer BL, Stacy BA, Greiner EC, Szabo NJ, Chrisman CL, et al. (2006). Neurological disease in wild loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 70:139-154","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"972_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.12.018","volume":"417","author":"LM Komoroske","year":"2012","unstructured":"Komoroske LM, Lewison RL, Seminoff J, Deustchman DD, and Deheyn DD (2012). Trace metals in an urbanized estuarine sea turtle food web in San Diego Bay, CA.. Science of the Total Environment 417:108-116","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"972_CR25","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Exploration North\u2014A natural History of Queensland","author":"C Limpus","year":"1978","unstructured":"Limpus C (1978). The Reef: uncertain land of plenty. Pages 243 in H. J. Lavery, editor. Exploration North - a natural history of Queensland. Lloyd O\u2019Neill Pty Ltd, Sydney"},{"key":"972_CR26","volume-title":"A Biological Review of Australian Marine Turtle Species. 2. Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus)","author":"C Limpus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Limpus C (2008). A biological review of Australian marine turtle species. 2. Green turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus). Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane"},{"key":"972_CR27","volume-title":"Summary of the Biology of Marine Turtles in Australia","author":"CJ Limpus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Limpus CJ (1997). Summary of the biology of marine turtles in Australia. Queensland Department of Environment, Brisbane"},{"key":"972_CR28","first-page":"139","volume":"35","author":"CJ Limpus","year":"1994","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, Couper PJ, and Read MA (1994). The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Queensland: population structure in a warm temperate feeding area. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 35:139-154","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Queensland Museum"},{"key":"972_CR29","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, Limpus DJ, Arthur KE, Parmenter CJ (2005a). Monitoring green turtle population dynamics in Shoalwater Bay: 2000\u20132004. 83, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority & Environmental Protection Agency Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service"},{"key":"972_CR30","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, Limpus DJ, Arthur KE, Parmenter CJ, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2005b). Monitoring green turtle population dynamics in Shoalwater Bay 2000\u20132004. Report ER ISBN9781876945473, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville"},{"key":"972_CR31","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, Limpus DJ, Savige M, Shearer D (2012). Health assessment of green turtles in South and Central Queensland following extreme weather impacts on coastal habitat during 2011. Conservation Technical and Data Report 2011(4):1\u201313"},{"key":"972_CR32","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, Miller JD (1994). The occurrence of cutaneous fibropapillomas in marine turtles in Queensland. Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop, vol. 14: 186\u2013188"},{"key":"972_CR33","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles","author":"CJ Limpus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Limpus CJ, and Reed P (1985). The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Queensland: a preliminary description of the population structure in a coral reef feeding ground. Pages 47-52 in G. Grigg, Shine, R. and Ehmann, H., editor. Biology of Australasian frogs and reptiles Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney"},{"key":"972_CR34","unstructured":"McCormack CV, Rasheed MA, Davies J, Carter A, Sankey TL, Tol S (2013). Long term seagrass monitoring in the Port Curtis Western Basin: quarterly seagrass assessments and permanent transect monitoring progress report November 2009 to November 2012. James Cook University, Cairns"},{"issue":"3","key":"972_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"2012","author":"JJ Meager","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meager JJ and Limpus CJ (2012). Marine wildlife stranding and mortality database annual report 2011. III. Marine Turtle. Conservation Technical and Data Report 2012 (3):1-46","journal-title":"Report"},{"key":"972_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02568","volume":"103","author":"HC Owen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Owen HC, Flint M, Limpus CJ, Palmieri C, and Mills PC (2013). Evidence of sirenian cold stress syndrome in dugongs Dugong dugon from southeast Queensland, Australia. Disease of Aquatic Organisms 103:1-7","journal-title":"Disease of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"972_CR37","unstructured":"Pattison-Sowden M (2014) Dredging facts from the fiction: GPC responds to claims. The Gladstone Observer. APN Group, Gladstone. http:\/\/www.gladstoneobserver.com.au\/news\/dredging-facts-from-the-fiction-gpc-response\/2143267\/ . Accessed April 21, 2014"},{"key":"972_CR38","unstructured":"Pesce, A.J., Horn, P.S., Lewis, D., 2005. Reference Interval Draft Version, Copyright 2005, University of Cincinnati"},{"key":"972_CR39","volume-title":"Family Spirorchiidae Stunkard, 1921","author":"TR Platt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Platt TR (2002). Family Spirorchiidae Stunkard, 1921. CABI Publishing, New York"},{"key":"972_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2307\/3284166","volume":"82","author":"TR Platt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Platt TR, and Blair D (1996). Two new species of Uterotrema (Digenea: Spirorchidae) parasitic in Emydura krefftii (Testudines: Chelidae) from Australia. Journal of Parasitology 82:307-311","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"972_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(00)00126-0","volume":"41","author":"JA Prange","year":"2000","unstructured":"Prange JA, and Dennison WC (2000). Physiological responses of five seagrass species to trace metals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:327-336","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"972_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0299","volume":"38","author":"C Schulz-Zunkel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schulz-Zunkel C, and Kreuger F (2009). Trace metal dynamics in floodplain soils of the River Elbe: A Review. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:1349-1362","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"972_CR43","unstructured":"Seatemperature.org (2014). http:\/\/www.seatemperature.org\/australia-pacific\/australia\/gladstone-july.htm . Accessed April 21, 2014"},{"key":"972_CR44","unstructured":"Seminoff JA (2004) Chelonia mydas. www.iucnredlist.org . Accessed December 27, 2012"},{"key":"972_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2009.0124","volume":"40","author":"HJ Shipley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shipley HJ, Gao Y, Kan AT, and Tomson MB (2009). Mobilization of trace metals and inorganic compounds during resuspension of anoxic sediments from Trepangier Bayou, Louisiana. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:484-491","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"972_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02195","volume":"89","author":"BA Stacy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stacy BA, Foley AM, Greiner EC, Herbst LH, Bolten A, Klein P, et al. (2010). Spirorchiidiasis in stranded loggerhead Caretta caretta and green turtles Chelonia mydas in Florida (USA): host pathology and significance. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 89:237-259","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"972_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo476","volume":"2","author":"F-A Weber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weber F-A, Voegelin A, Kaegi R, and Kretzschmar R (2009). Contaminant mobilization by metallic copper and metal sulphide colloids in flooded soil. Nature Geoscience 2:267-271","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"972_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.4.804","volume":"35","author":"TM Work","year":"1999","unstructured":"Work TM, and Balazs GH (1999). Relating tumor score to hematology in green turtles with fibropapillomatosis in Hawaii. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35:804-807","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"972_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50080-8","volume-title":"Reptile Medicine and Surgery","author":"J Wyneken","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wyneken J, Mader DR, Weber III ES, and Merigo C (2006). Medical care of sea turtles. Pages 972-1007 in D. R. Mader, editor. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis, Missouri"}],"container-title":["EcoHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T12:31:44Z","timestamp":1559133104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10393-014-0972-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-9202","1612-9210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-9202","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-9210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}}}