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Neotropical primates of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus<\/jats:italic>\n                    may act as reservoirs and ecological sentinels of resistant bacteria. The absence of systematic microbiological screening in wildlife rehabilitation centers, coupled with empirical antimicrobial use, can facilitate resistance spread in vulnerable ecosystems. This study characterized phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles and biofilm-forming ability of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Mammaliicoccus sciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus libidinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    undergoing rehabilitation in Northeastern Brazil. Rectal swabs were collected, and bacterial isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of resistance genes, and biofilm assays. Nineteen isolates were recovered: 63.2%\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and 36.8%\n                    <jats:italic>Mammaliicoccus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. The predominant species were\n                    <jats:italic>M. sciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (36.8%) and\n                    <jats:italic>S. simiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (31.6%). Rates of resistance to penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (57.9%) were the most frequent. The main resistance genes detected included\n                    <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    (36.8%),\n                    <jats:italic>tet(38)<\/jats:italic>\n                    (31.6%),\n                    <jats:italic>blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    (26.3%),\n                    <jats:italic>msrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (26.3%), and\n                    <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.3%). Perfect agreement existed between\n                    <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    presence and cefoxitin resistance (\u03ba\u2009=\u20091.00;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with moderate agreement between\n                    <jats:italic>msrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and non-susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin (j=\u20090.56;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0265). Biofilm production was mostly weak (94.7%), with moderate production in one isolate. Multidrug resistance occurred in 21.1% of isolates. This pioneering Brazilian study highlights wildlife rehabilitation centers as critical hotspots for AMR surveillance and contributes to understanding the ecological health and conservation of Neotropical primates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-026-01777-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:15:20Z","timestamp":1775452520000},"page":"233-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm in Bacteria from Rehabilitated Sapajus libidinosus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6376-8223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denny Parente de S\u00e1 Barreto Maia","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo de Oliveira Alves","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6007-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda Uch\u00f4a Cavalcanti More","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdir Vieira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0350-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucilene Martins Trindade","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4358-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clara Feitosa","family":"de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Thamires Rap\u00f4so","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri Marinho","family":"Valen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0462-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina Rosa Fernandes","family":"Beraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2994-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5565-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Givanildo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinaldo Aparecido","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121556","volume":"10","author":"IN Abdullahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdullahi IN, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Ju\u00e1rez-Fern\u00e1ndez G et al (2021) Wild Animals are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with \u201cOne Health\u201d Concern. 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