{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1782275007556,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]],"date-time":"2014-01-31T21:13:29Z","timestamp":1391202809000},"page":"986-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Architectural Trends in the Human Normal and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Leaflet and Its Relevance to Valve Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ankush","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachana","family":"Sainger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph H.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal, A., V. S. Aguilar, C.-H. Lee, G. Ferrari, J. H. Gorman, R. C. Gorman, and M. S. Sacks. Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, Springer, 2013, pp. 141\u2013149.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38899-6_17"},{"key":"973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balachandran, K., P. Sucosky, and A. P. Yoganathan. Hemodynamics and mechanobiology of aortic valve inflammation and calcification. Int. J. Inflam. 2011:263870, 2011. doi:\n                    10.4061\/2011\/263870\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/263870"},{"key":"973_CR3","volume-title":"An Introduction to Splines for Use in Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling","author":"RH Bartels","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bartels, R. H., J. C. Beatty, and B. A. Barsky. An Introduction to Splines for Use in Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling. Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1987."},{"issue":"2","key":"973_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300177","volume":"33","author":"E Branchetti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Branchetti, E., R. Sainger, P. Poggio, J. B. Grau, J. Patterson-Fortin, J. E. Bavaria, M. Chorny, E. Lai, R. C. Gorman, R. J. Levy, and G. Ferrari. Antioxidant enzymes reduce DNA damage and early activation of valvular interstitial cells in aortic valve sclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 33(2):e66\u2013e74, 2013.","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"973_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-76382009000200019","volume":"24","author":"MP Sa De","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Sa, M. P., E. S. Bastos, and H. Murad. Bicuspid aortic valve: theoretical and clinical aspects of concomitant ascending aorta replacement. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc. 24(2):218\u2013224, 2009.","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc."},{"issue":"3","key":"973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-011-0175-4","volume":"13","author":"A Evangelista","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evangelista, A. Bicuspid aortic valve and aortic root disease. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 13(3):234\u2013241, 2011.","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8","volume":"106","author":"PW Fedak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fedak, P. W., S.  Verma, T. E. David, R. L. Leask, R. D. Weisel, and J. Butany. Clinical and pathophysiological implications of a bicuspid aortic valve. Circulation 106:900\u2013904, 2002.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.6.2.235","volume":"6","author":"T Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman, T., A. Mani, and J. A. Elefteriades. Bicuspid aortic valve: clinical approach and scientific review of a common clinical entity. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 6(2):235\u2013248, 2008.","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hco.0000221578.18254.70","volume":"21","author":"V Garg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garg, V. Molecular genetics of aortic valve disease. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 21(3):180\u2013184, 2006.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.12.049","volume":"87","author":"EM Joyce","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joyce, E. M., J. Liao, F. J. Schoen, J. E. Mayer, Jr., and M. S. Sacks. Functional collagen fiber architecture of the pulmonary heart valve cusp. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 87(4):1240\u20131249, 2009.","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157137.59691.0B","volume":"111","author":"MB Lewin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewin, M. B., and C. M. Otto. The bicuspid aortic valve: adverse outcomes from infancy to old age. Circulation 111(7):832\u2013834, 2005.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"973_CR12","volume-title":"Statistics of Directional Data","author":"KV Mardia","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mardia, K. V. Statistics of Directional Data. New York: Academic Press, 1972."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"973_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.17","volume":"37","author":"PA Moran","year":"1950","unstructured":"Moran, P. A. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37(1\u20132):17\u201323, 1950.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","volume":"20","author":"E Paradis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paradis, E., J. Claude, and K. Strimmer. APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20(2):289\u2013290, 2004.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt055","volume":"98","author":"P Poggio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poggio, P., R. Sainger, E. Branchetti, J. B. Grau, E. K. Lai, R. C. Gorman, M. S. Sacks, A. Parolari, J. E. Bavaria, and G. Ferrari. Noggin attenuates the osteogenic activation of human valve interstitial cells in aortic valve sclerosis. Cardiovasc. Res. 98(3):402\u2013410, 2013.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000155623.48408.C5","volume":"111","author":"WC Roberts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roberts, W. C., and J. M. Ko. Frequency by decades of unicuspid, bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valves in adults having isolated aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, with or without associated aortic regurgitation. Circulation 111(7):920\u2013925, 2005.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01249-9","volume":"77","author":"F Robicsek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robicsek, F., M. J. Thubrikar, J. W. Cook, and B. Fowler. The congenitally bicuspid aortic valve: how does it function? Why does it fail? Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77(1):177\u2013185, 2004.","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430903","volume":"343","author":"R Rosenhek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosenhek, R., T. Binder, G. Porenta, I. Lang, G. Christ, M. Schemper, G. Maurer, and H. Baumgartner. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 343(9):611\u2013617, 2000.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.05.015","volume":"42","author":"MS Sacks","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sacks, M. S., W. D. Merryman, and D. E. Schmidt. On the biomechanics of heart valve function. J. Biomech. 42(12):1804\u20131824, 2009.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"973_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10293","volume":"62","author":"MS Sacks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sacks, M. S., and F. J. Schoen. Collagen fiber disruption occurs independent of calcification in clinically explanted bioprosthetic heart valves. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 62(3):359\u2013371, 2002.","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02684845","volume":"25","author":"MS Sacks","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sacks, M. S., D. B. Smith, and E. D. Hiester. A small angle light scattering device for planar connective tissue microstructural analysis. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 25(4):678\u2013689, 1997.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22999","volume":"227","author":"R Sainger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sainger, R., J. B. Grau, E. Branchetti, P. Poggio, W. F. Seefried, B. C. Field, M. A. Acker, R. C. Gorman, J. H. Gorman, 3rd, C. W. Hargrove, 3rd, J. E. Bavaria, and G. Ferrari. Human myxomatous mitral valve prolapse: role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in valvular interstitial cell activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227(6):2595\u20132604, 2012.","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.132092","volume":"94","author":"BM Schaefer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schaefer, B. M., M. B. Lewin, K. K. Stout, E. Gill, A. Prueitt, P. H. Byers, and C. M. Otto. The bicuspid aortic valve: an integrated phenotypic classification of leaflet morphology and aortic root shape. Heart 94(12):1634\u20131638, 2008.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"25","key":"973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.068","volume":"55","author":"SC Siu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siu, S. C., and C. K. Silversides. Bicuspid aortic valve disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(25):2789\u20132800, 2010.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"973_CR25","first-page":"424","volume":"6","author":"DB Smith","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smith, D. B., M. S. Sacks, P. M. Pattany, and R. Schroeder. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to characterize the geometry of fatigued porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. J. Heart Valve Dis. 6(4):424\u2013432, 1997.","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048843","volume":"7","author":"L Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun, L., S.  Chandra, and P. Sucosky. Ex vivo evidence for the contribution of hemodynamic shear stress abnormalities to the early pathogenesis of calcific bicuspid aortic valve disease. PLoS ONE 7:e48843, 2012. doi:\n                    10.1371\/journal.pone.0048843","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"973_CR27","unstructured":"Thornton, M. High Speed Dynamic, 3-D Surface Imaging. London, ON: Electrical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1996."},{"key":"973_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300155","volume":"113","author":"DA Towler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Towler, D. A. Molecular and cellular aspects of calcific aortic valve disease. Circ. Res. 113:198\u2013208, 2013. doi:\n                    10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300155\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"973_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2010.12.001","volume":"20","author":"CY Yip","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yip, C. Y., and C. A. Simmons. The aortic valve microenvironment and its role in calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 20(3):177\u2013182, 2011.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T02:25:41Z","timestamp":1581992741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]}}}