{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:44:08Z","timestamp":1793148248125,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T04:09:16Z","timestamp":1610424556000},"page":"964-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Review of Wearable and Portable Sensors for Monitoring Personal Solar UV Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2710_CR1","unstructured":"Adafruit. Adafruit SI1145 Breakout Board\u2014UV Index\/IR\/Visible Sensor. Adafruit, 2014."},{"key":"2710_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1039\/b418942f","volume":"4","author":"M Allen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allen, M., and R. McKenzie. Enhanced UV exposure on a ski-field compared with exposures at sea level. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4:429\u2013437, 2005.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132002000500017","volume":"45","author":"A Amaral","year":"2002","unstructured":"Amaral, A. Trends in biological dosimetry: an overview. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 45:119\u2013124, 2002.","journal-title":"Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol."},{"key":"2710_CR4","first-page":"200","volume":"9","author":"N Amini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amini, N., J. E. Matthews, F. Dabiri, A. Vahdatpour, H. Noshadi, and M. Sarrafzadeh. A wireless embedded device for personalized ultraviolet monitoring. Biodevices 9:200\u2013205, 2009.","journal-title":"Biodevices"},{"key":"2710_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604465","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201604465","volume":"27","author":"H Araki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Araki, H., J. Kim, S. Zhang, A. Banks, K. E. Crawford, X. Sheng, P. Gutruf, Y. Shi, R. M. Pielak, and J. A. Rogers. Materials and device designs for an epidermal UV colorimetric dosimeter with near field communication capabilities. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27:1604465, 2017.","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2710_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00198-1","volume":"63","author":"BK Armstrong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Armstrong, B. K., and A. Kricker. The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 63:8\u201318, 2001.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.588","volume":"76","author":"P Autier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Autier, P., J. F. Dor\u00e9, O. Gefeller, J. P. Cesarini, F. Lejeune, K. F. Koelmel, D. Lienard, and U. R. Kleeberg. Melanoma risk and residence in sunny areas. EORTC Melanoma Co-operative Group. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Br. J. Cancer 76:1521\u20131524, 1997.","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2710_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1039866","volume":"34","author":"CA Baggerly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baggerly, C. A., R. E. Cuomo, C. B. French, C. F. Garland, E. D. Gorham, W. B. Grant, R. P. Heaney, M. F. Holick, B. W. Hollis, and S. L. McDonnell. Sunlight and vitamin D: necessary for public health. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 34:359\u2013365, 2015.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"2710_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee, S., E. G. Hoch, P. D. Kaplan, and E. L. Dumont. A comparative study of wearable ultraviolet radiometers. In: 2017 IEEE Life Sciences Conference (LSC). IEEE, 2017, pp. 9\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/LSC.2017.8268131"},{"key":"2710_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(99)00123-2","volume":"53","author":"A B\u00e9rces","year":"1999","unstructured":"B\u00e9rces, A., A. Fekete, S. G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, P. Gr\u00f3f, P. Rettberg, G. Horneck, and G. Ront\u00f3. Biological UV dosimeters in the assessment of the biological hazard from environmental radiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 53:36\u201343, 1999.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.752","volume":"80","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., T. Dietrich, E. J. Orav, F. B. Hu, Y. Zhang, E. W. Karlson, and B. Dawson-Hughes. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged \u2265 60 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80:752\u2013758, 2004.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2710_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081723","volume":"15","author":"M Blumthaler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blumthaler, M. UV monitoring for public health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15:1723, 2018.","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2710_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00069.x","volume":"20","author":"C Boldeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boldeman, C., H. Dal, and U. Wester. Swedish pre-school children\u2019s UVR exposure\u2014a comparison between two outdoor environments. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 20:2\u20138, 2004.","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"2710_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730601093371","volume":"12","author":"OB Carter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carter, O. B., and R. J. Donovan. Public (mis) understanding of the UV index. J. Health Commun. 12:41\u201352, 2007.","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"2710_CR15","unstructured":"Cheuk, M., D. Xu, and R. McLean. Delivery of personal ultraviolet radiation information to smartphones. In: NIWA UV Workshop, 2014, pp. 15\u201317."},{"key":"2710_CR16","unstructured":"CIE Standard. Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose. CIE S 7: E1998, 1998."},{"key":"2710_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910360208","volume":"36","author":"K Cooke","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cooke, K., and J. Fraser. Migration and death from malignant melanoma. Int. J. Cancer 36:175\u2013178, 1985.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2710_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612222","volume":"14","author":"J D\u2019Orazio","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u2019Orazio, J., S. Jarrett, A. Amaro-Ortiz, and T. Scott. UV radiation and the skin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14:12222\u201312248, 2013.","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.025","volume":"153","author":"MF Dario","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dario, M. F., A. R. Baby, and M. V. R. Velasco. Effects of solar radiation on hair and photoprotection. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 153:240\u2013246, 2015.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/261169a0","volume":"261","author":"A Davis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Davis, A., G. Deane, and B. Diffey. Possible dosimeter for ultraviolet radiation. Nature 261:169\u2013170, 1976.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2710_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070174","volume":"296","author":"J De Boer","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Boer, J., J. O. Andressoo, J. de Wit, J. Huijmans, R. B. Beems, H. van Steeg, G. Weeda, G. T. van der Horst, W. van Leeuwen, and A. P. Themmen. Premature aging in mice deficient in DNA repair and transcription. Science 296:1276\u20131279, 2002.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2710_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6372","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1454","volume":"64","author":"EC De Fabo","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Fabo, E. C., F. P. Noonan, T. Fears, and G. Merlino. Ultraviolet B but not ultraviolet A radiation initiates melanoma. Cancer Res. 64:6372\u20136376, 2004.","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2710_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1039\/b9pp00179d","volume":"9","author":"M de Paula Corr\u00eaa","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Paula Corr\u00eaa, M., S. Godin-Beekmann, M. Haeffelin, C. Brogniez, F. Verschaeve, P. Saiag, A. Pazmino, and E. Mah\u00e9. Comparison between UV index measurements performed by research-grade and consumer-products instruments. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 9:459\u2013463, 2010.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dey, S., S. Sahoo, H. Agrawal, A. Mondal, T. Bhowmik, and V. N. Tiwari. Personalized cumulative UV tracking on mobiles and wearables. In: 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2017, pp. 2341\u20132344.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037325"},{"key":"2710_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00204-9","volume":"28","author":"BL Diffey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diffey, B. L. Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation. Methods 28:4\u201313, 2002.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2710_CR26","unstructured":"Diffey, B. Ultraviolet radiation dosimetry with polysulphone film. In: Radiation Measurement in Photobiology. London: Academic, 1989, pp. 136\u2013159."},{"key":"2710_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09877.x","volume":"61","author":"B Diffey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Diffey, B., and P. Saunders. Behavior outdoors and its effects on personal ultraviolet exposure rate measured using an ambulatory datalogging dosimeter. Photochem. Photobiol. 61:615\u2013618, 1995.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24486","volume":"60","author":"C Ding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ding, C., F. Cicuttini, V. Parameswaran, J. Burgess, S. Quinn, and G. Jones. Serum levels of vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and knee cartilage loss in older adults: the Tasmanian older adult cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 60:1381\u20131389, 2009.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2710_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12551","volume":"92","author":"S Dobbinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dobbinson, S., P. Niven, D. Buller, M. Allen, P. Gies, and C. Warne. Comparing handheld meters and electronic dosimeters for measuring ultraviolet levels under shade and in the Sun. Photochem. Photobiol. 92:208\u2013214, 2016.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6632.1285","volume":"296","author":"DR English","year":"1988","unstructured":"English, D. R., and B. K. Armstrong. Identifying people at high risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: results from a case\u2013control study in Western Australia. Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed. 296:1285, 1988.","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed."},{"key":"2710_CR31","unstructured":"Fahrni, T., M. Kuhn, P. Sommer, R. Wattenhofer, and S. Welten. Sundroid: solar radiation awareness with smartphones. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 2011, pp. 365\u2013374."},{"key":"2710_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","volume":"124","author":"TB Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, T. B. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch. Dermatol. 124:869\u2013871, 1988.","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.03.021","volume":"19","author":"CF Garland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garland, C. F., E. D. Gorham, S. B. Mohr, and F. C. Garland. Vitamin D for cancer prevention: global perspective. Ann. Epidemiol. 19:468\u2013483, 2009.","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2710_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12078","volume":"89","author":"P Gies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gies, P., J. Makin, S. Dobbinson, J. Javorniczky, S. Henderson, R. Guilfoyle, and J. Lock. Shade provision for toddlers at swimming pools in Melbourne. Photochem. Photobiol. 89:968\u2013973, 2013.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb03255.x","volume":"68","author":"P Gies","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gies, P., C. Roy, S. Toomey, R. MacLennan, and M. Watson. Solar UVR exposures of primary school children at three locations in Queensland. Photochem. Photobiol. 68:78\u201383, 1998.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)078<0342:MSUREO>2.0.CO;2","volume":"78","author":"P Gies","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gies, P., and J. Wright. Measured solar ultraviolet radiation exposures of outdoor workers in Queensland in the building and construction industry. Photochem. Photobiol. 78:342\u2013348, 2003.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR37","unstructured":"Gomes, L., and L. Ventura. Development of a low cost UV index datalogger and comparison between UV index sensors. In: Ophthalmic Technologies XXVIII. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2018, p. 104741O."},{"key":"2710_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000056","volume":"24","author":"LG Gordon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gordon, L. G., and D. Rowell. Health system costs of skin cancer and cost-effectiveness of skin cancer prevention and screening: a systematic review. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 24:141\u2013149, 2015.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"2710_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-017-0410-3","volume":"16","author":"K Grandahl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grandahl, K., O. S. Mortensen, D. Z. Sherman, B. K\u00f8ster, P.-A. Lund, K. S. Ibler, and P. Eriksen. Solar UV exposure among outdoor workers in Denmark measured with personal UV-B dosimeters: technical and practical feasibility. Biomed. Eng. Online 16:119, 2017.","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"2710_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.08.036","volume":"48","author":"GP Guy Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guy, Jr., G. P., S. R. Machlin, D. U. Ekwueme, and K. R. Yabroff. Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the US, 2002\u20132006 and 2007\u20132011. Am. J. Prev. Med. 48:183\u2013187, 2015.","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"2710_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.005","volume":"173","author":"J Guzikowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guzikowski, J., A. E. Czerwi\u0144ska, J. W. Krzy\u015bcin, and M. A. Czerwi\u0144ski. Controlling sunbathing safety during the summer holidays\u2014the solar UV campaign at Baltic Sea coast in 2015. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 173:271\u2013281, 2017.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/50175","author":"CJ Heckman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heckman, C. J., R. Chandler, J. D. Kloss, A. Benson, D. Rooney, T. Munshi, S. D. Darlow, C. Perlis, S. L. Manne, and D. W. Oslin. Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. J. Vis. Exp. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/50175.","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"2710_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-11-22-RA-376","volume":"81","author":"J Heydenreich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heydenreich, J., and H. C. Wulf. Miniature personal electronic UVR dosimeter with erythema response and time-stamped readings in a wristwatch. Photochem. Photobiol. 81:1138\u20131144, 2005.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PP00379C","volume":"18","author":"J Heydenreich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heydenreich, J., and H. C. Wulf. Personal electronic UVR dosimeter measurements: specific and general uncertainties. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 18:1461\u20131470, 2019.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR45","unstructured":"Hoblos, O. I., M. W. Sheehan, D. J. Laferriere, and C.-H. Yu. Uvision: a lightweight portable UVR detection system. In: 2015 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC). IEEE, 2015, pp. 1\u20134."},{"key":"2710_CR46","first-page":"75","volume":"73","author":"CD Holman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holman, C. D., and B. K. Armstrong. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and indicators of total accumulated exposure to the sun: an analysis separating histogenetic types. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 73:75\u201382, 1984.","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2710_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01779.x","volume":"8","author":"C Holman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holman, C., I. M. Gibson, M. Stephenson, and B. Armstrong. Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 8:269\u2013277, 1983.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR48","unstructured":"Huawei. Huawei\u2019s Honor Band A1 is a Fitness Tracker with a UV Sensor."},{"key":"2710_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyr050","volume":"27","author":"N Italia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Italia, N., and E. A. Rehfuess. Is the Global Solar UV Index an effective instrument for promoting sun protection? A systematic review. Health Educ. Res. 27:200\u2013213, 2012.","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"2710_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13377","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-13377-2011","volume":"11","author":"F J\u00e9gou","year":"2011","unstructured":"J\u00e9gou, F., S. Godin-Beekmann, M. Corr\u00eaa, C. Brogniez, F. Auriol, V. Peuch, M. Haeffelin, A. Pazmino, P. Saiag, and F. Goutail. Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11:13377\u201313394, 2011.","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2710_CR51","unstructured":"Joint ISO and CIE Standard. ISO 17166: 1999\/CIE S007-1998 Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose. Geneva: ISO, 1999."},{"key":"2710_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-019-00556-9","author":"VG Kanellis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanellis, V. G. Ultraviolet radiation sensors: a review. Biophys. Rev. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12551-019-00556-9.","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"2710_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00244","volume":"1","author":"PS Khiabani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khiabani, P. S., A. H. Soeriyadi, P. J. Reece, and J. J. Gooding. Based sensor for monitoring sun exposure. ACS Sens. 1:775\u2013780, 2016.","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"2710_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6610-y","volume":"19","author":"MG Kimlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kimlin, M. G., L. Fang, Y. Feng, L. Wang, L. Hao, J. Fan, N. Wang, F. Meng, R. Yang, and S. Cong. Personal ultraviolet radiation exposure in a cohort of Chinese mother and child pairs: the Chinese families and children study. BMC Public Health 19:281, 2019.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2710_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033006","volume":"87","author":"A Krins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krins, A., D. Bols\u00e9e, B. D\u00f6rschel, D. Gillotay, and P. Knuschke. Angular dependence of the efficiency of the UV sensor polysulphone film. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 87:261\u2013266, 2000.","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"2710_CR56","unstructured":"L\u2019Oreal. La Roche-Posay My Skin Track UV Sensor."},{"key":"2710_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00491","volume":"1","author":"ME Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, M. E., and A. M. Armani. Flexible UV exposure sensor based on UV responsive polymer. ACS Sens. 1:1251\u20131255, 2016.","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"2710_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/22\/005","volume":"48","author":"RA Lester","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lester, R. A., A. V. Parisi, M. G. Kimlin, and J. Sabburg. Optical properties of poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) film and its potential for a long-term solar ultraviolet dosimeter. Phys. Med. Biol. 48:3685, 2003.","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2710_CR59","unstructured":"LogicInk. LogicInk Helps You Stay Within Daily Recommended UV Limits."},{"key":"2710_CR60","unstructured":"Lucas, R., T. McMichael, W. Smith, and B.  Armstrong.  Solar ultraviolet radiation: global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation. World Health Organization, 2006."},{"key":"2710_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00054301","volume":"2","author":"TM Mack","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mack, T. M., and B. Floderus. Malignant melanoma risk by nativity, place of residence at diagnosis, and age at migration. Cancer Causes Control 2:401\u2013411, 1991.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2710_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1039\/b312985c","volume":"3","author":"R McKenzie","year":"2004","unstructured":"McKenzie, R., D. Smale, and M. Kotkamp. Relationship between UVB and erythemally weighted radiation. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3:252\u2013256, 2004.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.01.006","volume":"228","author":"Q Meng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meng, Q., L. Fang, T. Han, S. Huang, and S. Xie. A photochromic UVI indication card and the colorimetric analysis system built on smartphones. Sens. Actuators B 228:144\u2013150, 2016.","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"2710_CR64","unstructured":"Microsoft. What Can I Still Do with My Microsoft Band?"},{"key":"2710_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B900569B","volume-title":"Flagging up sunburn: a printable, multicomponent","author":"A Mills","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mills, A., K. McDiarmid, M. McFarlane, and P. Grosshans. Flagging up sunburn: a printable, multicomponent. UV-indicator that warns of the approach of erythema: Chem. Commun., 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/B900569B."},{"key":"2710_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0605-0","volume":"386","author":"A Mills","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mills, A., M. McFarlane, and S. Schneider. A viologen-based UV indicator and dosimeter. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386:299\u2013305, 2006.","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2710_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10884","volume":"103","author":"M Moehrle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moehrle, M., B. Dennenmoser, and C. Garbe. Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure. Int. J. Cancer 103:775\u2013778, 2003.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2710_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000018306","volume":"200","author":"M Moehrle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moehrle, M., and C. Garbe. Personal UV dosimetry by Bacillus subtilis spore films. Dermatology 200:1\u20135, 2000.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2710_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.11.027","volume":"81","author":"C Moran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moran, C., and E. Zetler. A review of smartphone applications for promoting sun protection practices. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 81:613\u2013615, 2019.","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR70","unstructured":"Netatmo. Netatmo June Reviews: Eye-Cating Gadget that Sun Smart."},{"key":"2710_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7421-x","volume":"19","author":"A Nicholson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicholson, A., M. Murphy, H. Walker, R. Tinker, and S. Dobbinson. Not part of my routine: a qualitative study of use and understanding of UV forecast information and the SunSmart app. BMC Public Health 19:1127, 2019.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2710_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1893","volume":"3","author":"FP Noonan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noonan, F. P., M. R. Zaidi, A. Wolnicka-Glubisz, M. R. Anver, J. Bahn, A. Wielgus, J. Cadet, T. Douki, S. Mouret, and M. A. Tucker. Melanoma induction by ultraviolet A but not ultraviolet B radiation requires melanin pigment. Nat. Commun. 3:884, 2012.","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2710_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.086918","volume":"91","author":"SA Oliveria","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oliveria, S. A., M. Saraiya, A. C. Geller, M. K. Heneghan, and C. Jorgensen. Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. Arch. Dis. Child. 91:131\u2013138, 2006.","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"2710_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2004)79<411:SPSUEM>2.0.CO;2","volume":"79","author":"AV Parisi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parisi, A. V., and M. G. Kimlin. Personal solar UV exposure measurements employing modified polysulphone with an extended dynamic range. Photochem. Photobiol. 79:411\u2013415, 2004.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040754","volume":"19","author":"D-H Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, D.-H., S.-T. Oh, and J.-H. Lim. Development of a UV index sensor-based portable measurement device with the EUVB ratio of natural light. Sensors 19:754, 2019.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2710_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1039\/C1PP05144J","volume":"11","author":"GP Pfeifer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pfeifer, G. P., and A. Besaratinia. UV wavelength-dependent DNA damage and human non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 11:90\u201397, 2012.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.02.004","volume":"12","author":"P Pludowski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pludowski, P., M. F. Holick, S. Pilz, C. L. Wagner, B. W. Hollis, W. B. Grant, Y. Shoenfeld, E. Lerchbaum, D. J. Llewellyn, and K. Kienreich. Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality\u2014a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun. Rev. 12:976\u2013989, 2013.","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"2710_CR78","unstructured":"QSun. QSun UV Exposure Tracker."},{"key":"2710_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(96)04414-4","volume":"37","author":"L Quintern","year":"1997","unstructured":"Quintern, L., Y. Furusawa, K. Fukutsu, and H. Holtschmidt. Characterization and application of UV detector spore films: the sensitivity curve of a new detector system provides good similarity to the action spectrum for UV-induced erythema in human skin. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 37:158\u2013166, 1997.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.60","volume":"139","author":"EG Rigel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rigel, E. G., M. G. Lebwohl, A. C. Rigel, and D. S. Rigel. Ultraviolet radiation in alpine skiing: magnitude of exposure and importance of regular protection. Arch. Dermatol. 139:60\u201362, 2003.","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(97)00013-7","volume":"29","author":"P Riley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Riley, P. Melanin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29:1235\u20131239, 1997.","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2710_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00196-8","volume":"64","author":"JE Roberts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roberts, J. E. Ocular phototoxicity. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 64:136\u2013143, 2001.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR83","unstructured":"Samsung. Samsung Gear S Hands-on: Wildly Wireless Wearable."},{"key":"2710_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03858.x","volume":"73","author":"D Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott, D., L. Blizzard, J. Fell, C. Ding, T. Winzenberg, and G. Jones. A prospective study of the associations between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, sarcopenia progression and physical activity in older adults. Clin. Endocrinol. 73:581\u2013587, 2010.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2710_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.11.002","volume":"187","author":"R Scragg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scragg, R., J. Rahman, and S. Thornley. Association of sun and UV exposure with blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 187:68\u201375, 2019.","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2710_CR86","unstructured":"Seawatch. Seawatch\u2014UV Measurement."},{"key":"2710_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2011.01018.x","volume":"88","author":"G Seckmeyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seckmeyer, G., M. Klingebiel, S. Riechelmann, I. Lohse, R. L. McKenzie, J. Ben Liley, M. W. Allen, A. M. Siani, and G. R. Casale. A critical assessment of two types of personal UV dosimeters. Photochem. Photobiol. 88:215\u2013222, 2012.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR88","unstructured":"SGLUX. UV Sensor \u201cUV-Cosine\u201d."},{"key":"2710_CR89","unstructured":"Shade. Shade UV Sensor, 2nd-Generation."},{"key":"2710_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190233","author":"Y Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, Y., M. Manco, D. Moyal, G. Huppert, H. Araki, A. Banks, H. Joshi, R. McKenzie, A. Seewald, and G. Griffin. Soft, stretchable, epidermal sensor with integrated electronics and photochemistry for measuring personal UV exposures. PLoS ONE 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190233.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2710_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-3749-2008","volume":"8","author":"A Siani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siani, A., G. R. Casale, H. Diemoz, G. Agnesod, M. G. Kimlin, C. A. Lang, and A. Colosimo. Personal UV exposure in high albedo alpine sites. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8:3749\u20133760, 2008.","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2710_CR92","unstructured":"Skye Instruments. SKU 440 UV Index Sensor."},{"key":"2710_CR93","unstructured":"SolarSafe. SolarSafe UV Bands."},{"key":"2710_CR94","unstructured":"Spark64. UVLens."},{"key":"2710_CR95","unstructured":"Sunsprite. Personal Light Tracker. Improve Your Energy, Sleep and Mood."},{"key":"2710_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.71","volume":"133","author":"H Takeuchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takeuchi, H., and T. M. R\u00fcnger. Long wave UV light induces the aging-associated progerin. J. Investig. Dermatol. 133:1857\u20131862, 2013.","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.d01-4.x","volume":"16","author":"E Thieden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thieden, E., M. \u00c5gren, and H. Wulf. The wrist is a reliable body site for personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 16:57\u201361, 2000.","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"2710_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23466.x","volume":"123","author":"E Thieden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thieden, E., P. A. Philipsen, J. Sandby-M\u00f8ller, J. Heydenreich, and H. C. Wulf. Proportion of lifetime UV dose received by children, teenagers and adults based on time-stamped personal dosimetry. J. Investig. Dermatol. 123:1147\u20131150, 2004.","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR99","first-page":"482","volume":"141","author":"E Thieden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thieden, E., P. A. Philipsen, J. Sandby-M\u00f8ller, and H. C. Wulf. Sunburn related to UV radiation exposure, age, sex, occupation, and sun bed use based on time-stamped personal dosimetry and sun behavior diaries. Arch. Dermatol. 141:482\u2013488, 2005.","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions3020026","volume":"3","author":"P Tsantarliotis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsantarliotis, P., M. G. Tsipouras, and N. Giannakeas. Personalized UV radiation risk monitoring using wearable devices and fuzzy modeling. Inventions 3:26, 2018.","journal-title":"Inventions"},{"key":"2710_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492008000700015","volume":"71","author":"TH Wakamatsu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wakamatsu, T. H., M. Dogru, and K. Tsubota. Tearful relations: oxidative stress, inflammation and eye diseases. Arq. bras. oftalmol. 71:72\u201379, 2008.","journal-title":"Arq. bras. oftalmol."},{"key":"2710_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6439\/ab0239","volume":"29","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Y., X. Guo, Y. Shi, and D. Mei. Self-powered wearable ultraviolet index detector using a flexible thermoelectric generator. J. Micromech. Microeng. 29:045002, 2019.","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"2710_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114594","volume":"44","author":"SQ Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang, S. Q., R. Setlow, M. Berwick, D. Polsky, A. A. Marghoob, A. W. Kopf, and R. S. Bart. Ultraviolet A and melanoma: a review. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 44:837\u2013846, 2001.","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2710_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(95)07162-4","volume":"31","author":"AR Webb","year":"1995","unstructured":"Webb, A. R. Measuring UV radiation: a discussion of dosimeter properties, uses and limitations. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 31:9\u201313, 1995.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"2710_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2010.00871.x","volume":"87","author":"AR Webb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Webb, A. R., H. Slaper, P. Koepke, and A. W. Schmalwieser. Know your standard: clarifying the CIE erythema action spectrum. Photochem. Photobiol. 87:483\u2013486, 2011.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1039\/C6PP00336B","volume":"16","author":"RB Weller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weller, R. B. The health benefits of UV radiation exposure through vitamin D production or non-vitamin D pathways. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 16:374\u2013380, 2017.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2710_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22065","DOI":"10.3390\/s141122065","volume":"14","author":"MS Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong, M. S., T. P. Yip, and E. Mok. Development of a personal integrated environmental monitoring system. Sensors 14:22065\u201322081, 2014.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2710_CR108","volume-title":"Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide","author":"World Health Organization and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection","year":"2002","unstructured":"World Health Organization and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002."},{"key":"2710_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-8-19-IR-655","volume":"81","author":"C Wright","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wright, C., and A. Reeder. Youth solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, concurrent activities and sun-protective practices: a review. Photochem. Photobiol. 81:1331\u20131342, 2005.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2710_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9791-x","volume":"34","author":"JC Yam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yam, J. C., and A. K. Kwok. Ultraviolet light and ocular diseases. Int. Ophthalmol. 34:383\u2013400, 2014.","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2710_CR111","unstructured":"YOUVI. YOUVI: UV Radiation Detector for iOS and Android."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T17:39:11Z","timestamp":1615484351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02710-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}