{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:06:29Z","timestamp":1791248789430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to clarify whether or not body armor would protect the body of a swine model using a blast tube built at National Defense Medical College, which is the first such blast tube in Japan. Seventeen pigs were divided into two groups: the body armor group and the non-body armor group. Under intravenous anesthesia, the pigs were tightly fixed in the left lateral position on a table and exposed from the back neck to the upper lumbar back to the blast wave and wind with or without body armor, with the driving pressure of the blast tube set to 3.0 MPa. When the surviving and dead pigs were compared, blood gas analyses revealed significant differences in PaO2, PaCO2, and pH in the super-early phase. All pigs injured by the blast wave and wind had lung hemorrhage. All 6 animals in the body armor group and 6 of the 11 animals in the control group survived for 3 hours after injury. Respiratory arrest immediately after exposure to the blast wave was considered to influence the mortality in our pig model. Body armor may have a beneficial effect in protecting against respiratory arrest immediately after an explosion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T13:03:28Z","timestamp":1615208608000},"page":"2944-2956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Efficacy of Body Armor in Protection Against Blast Injuries Using a Swine Model in a Confined Space with a Blast Tube"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Sekine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daizoh","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Kusumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Suto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiharu","family":"Mizukaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00000844","volume":"18","author":"Y Asai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asai, Y., and J. L. Arnold. Terrorism in Japan. Prehospital Disast. Med. 18:106\u2013114, 2003.","journal-title":"Prehospital Disast. Med."},{"key":"2750_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69896-6","volume":"368","author":"CJ Aylwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aylwin, C. J., T. C. K\u00f6nig, N. W. Brennan, P. J. Shirley, G. Davies, M. S. Walsh, and K. Brohi. Reduction in critical mortality in urban mass casualty incidents: analysis of triage, surge, and resource use after the London bombings on July 7, 2005. Lancet 368:2219\u20132225, 2006.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2750_CR3","first-page":"604","volume":"65","author":"CR Bass","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bass, C. R., K. A. Rafaels, and R. S. Salzar. Pulmonary injury risk assessment for short-duration blasts. J. Trauma 65:604\u2013615, 2008.","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"2750_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02612-y","author":"MA Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown, M. A., X. D. Ji, and R. Z. Gan. 3D Finite element modeling of blast wave transmission from the external ear to cochlea. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02612-y.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2750_CR5","volume-title":"Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects, Chapter 45","author":"I Cernak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cernak, I. Blast injuries and blast-induced neurotrauma: overview of pathophysiology and experimental knowledge models and findings. In: Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects, Chapter 45, edited by F. H. Kobeissy. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis, 2015."},{"key":"2750_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2017-0006","author":"I Cernak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cernak, I. Understanding blast-induced neurotrauma: how far have we come? Concussion 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/cnc-2017-0006.","journal-title":"Concussion"},{"key":"2750_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.203","volume":"30","author":"I Cernak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cernak, I., and L. J. Noble-Haeusslein. Traumatic brain injury: an overview of pathobiology with emphasis on military populations. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 30:255\u2013266, 2010.","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2750_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1957.190.3.467","volume":"190","author":"CJ Clemedson","year":"1957","unstructured":"Clemedson, C. J. Respiratory and circulatory vagal reflexes in rabbits exposed to high explosive shock waves. Am. J. Physiol. 190:467\u2013472, 1957.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2750_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1955.184.1.119","volume":"184","author":"CJ Clemedson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Clemedson, C. J., and H. Pettersson. Propagation of a high explosive air shock wave through different parts of an animal body. Am. J. Physiol. 184:119\u2013126, 1956.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2750_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001707","volume":"44","author":"K Hagisawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hagisawa, K., M. Kinoshita, H. Miyawaki, S. Sato, H. Miyazaki, S. Takeoka, H. Suzuki, K. Iwaya, S. Seki, S. Shono, D. Saitoh, Y. Nishida, and M. Handa. Fibrinogen \u03b3-chain peptide-coated adenosine 5\u2019 diphosphate-encapsulated liposomes rescue mice from lethal blast lung injury via adenosine signaling. Crit. Care Med. 44:e827\u2013837, 2016.","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2750_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199907000-00023","volume":"47","author":"RJ Irwin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Irwin, R. J., M. R. Lerner, J. F. Bealer, P. C. Mantor, D. J. Brackett, and D. W. Tuggle. Shock after blast wave injury is caused by a vagally mediated reflex. J. Trauma 47:105\u2013110, 1999.","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"2750_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125001","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.12.125001","volume":"19","author":"T Kurioka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kurioka, T., T. Matsunobu, K. Niwa, A. Tamura, S. Kawauchi, Y. Satoh, and A. Shiotani. Characteristics of laser-induced shock wave injury to the inner ear of rats. J. Biomed. Opt. 19:125001, 2014.","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"2750_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0748","volume":"26","author":"JB Long","year":"2009","unstructured":"Long, J. B., T. L. Bentley, K. A. Wessner, C. Cerone, S. Sweeney, and R. A. Bauman. Blast overpressure in rats: recreating a battlefield injury in the laboratory. J. Neurotrauma 26:827\u2013840, 2009.","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2750_CR14","first-page":"536","volume":"39","author":"SG Mellor","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mellor, S. G. The pathogenesis of blast injury and its management. Br. J. Hosp. Med. 39:536\u2013539, 1988.","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"2750_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-015-0069-7","volume":"3","author":"H Miyawaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miyawaki, H., D. Saitoh, K. Hagisawa, M. Noguchi, S. Sato, M. Kinoshita, H. Miyazaki, Y. Satoh, N. Harada, and T. Sakamoto. Noradrenalin effectively rescues mice from blast lung injury caused by laser-induced shock waves. Intens. Care Med. Exp. 3:32, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-015-0069-7.","journal-title":"Intens. Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"2750_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2613-3","volume":"157","author":"H Miyazaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miyazaki, H., H. Miyawaki, Y. Satoh, T. Saiki, S. Kawauchi, S. Sato, and D. Saitoh. Thoracic shock wave injury causes behavioral abnormalities in mice. Acta Neurochir. 157:2111\u20132120, 2015.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"2750_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008877","volume":"203","author":"AS Paintal","year":"1969","unstructured":"Paintal, A. S. Mechanism of stimulation of type J pulmonary receptors. J. Physiol. 203:511\u2013532, 1969.","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2750_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198801001-00030","volume":"28","author":"YY Phillips","year":"1988","unstructured":"Phillips, Y. Y., T. G. Mundie, J. T. Yelverton, and D. R. Richmond. Cloth ballistic vest alters response to blast. J. Trauma 28(1 Suppl):S149\u2013152, 1988.","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"2750_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00005975","volume":"23","author":"M Pinkert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pinkert, M., O. Lehavi, O. B. Goren, Y. Raiter, A. Shamis, Z. Priel, D. Schwartz, A. Goldberg, Y. Levi, and Y. Bar-Dayan. Primary triage, evacuation priorities, and rapid primary distribution between adjacent hospitals-lessons learned from a suicide bomber attack in downtown Tel-Aviv. Prehospital Disast. Med. 23:337\u2013341, 2008.","journal-title":"Prehospital Disast. Med."},{"key":"2750_CR20","unstructured":"Releases are official statements of the Department of Defense: http:\/\/www.defense.gov\/News\/News-Releases (Accessed 2019-6-30)."},{"key":"2750_CR21","first-page":"789","volume":"32","author":"DR Richmond","year":"1961","unstructured":"Richmond, D. R., I. G. Bowen, and C. S. White. Tertiary blast effects. Effects of impact on mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Aerosp. Med. 32:789\u2013805, 1961.","journal-title":"Aerosp. Med."},{"key":"2750_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082891","volume":"9","author":"S Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato, S., S. Kawauchi, W. Okuda, I. Nishidate, H. Nawashiro, and G. Tsumatori. Real-time optical diagnosis of the rat brain exposed to a laser-induced shock wave: observation of spreading depolarization, vasoconstriction and hypoxemia-oligemia. PLoS ONE 9:e82891, 2014.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2750_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly060","volume":"77","author":"Y Satoh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Satoh, Y., Y. Araki, M. Kashitani, K. Nishii, Y. Kobayashi, M. Fujita, S. Suzuki, Y. Morimoto, S. Tokuno, G. Tsumatori, T. Yamamoto, D. Saitoh, and T. Ishizuka. Molecular hydrogen prevents social deficits and depression-like behaviors induced by low-intensity blast in mice. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 77:827\u2013836, 2018.","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2750_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20899","volume":"42","author":"Y Satoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Satoh, Y., S. Sato, D. Saitoh, S. Tokuno, B. Hatano, T. Shimokawaji, H. Kobayashi, and K. Takishima. Pulmonary blast injury in mice: a novel model for studying blast injury in the laboratory using laser-induced stress waves. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:313\u2013318, 2010.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"2750_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew385","volume":"118","author":"TE Scott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott, T. E., E. Kirkman, M. Haque, I. E. Gibb, P. Mahoney, and J. G. Hardman. Primary blast lung injury\u2014a review. Br. J. Anaeth. 118:311\u2013316, 2017.","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaeth."},{"key":"2750_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-22604\/v1","author":"Y Sekine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sekine, Y., D. Saitoh, Y. Yoshimura, M. Fujita, Y. Araki, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kusumi, S. Yamagishi, Y. Suto, H. Tamaki, Y. Ono, T. Mizukaki, and M. Nemoto. Efficacy of body armor in protection against blast injuries using a swine model in a confined space with a blast tube. Research Square 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-22604\/v1.","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"2750_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02193-x","volume":"47","author":"D Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, D., and D. Cronin. Multi-scale modeling of head kinematics and brain tissue response to blast exposure. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47:1993\u20132004, 2019.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2750_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02178-w","volume":"47","author":"MT Townsend","year":"2019","unstructured":"Townsend, M. T., E. Alay, M. Skotak, and N. Chandra. Effect of tissue material properties in blast loading: coupled experimentation and finite element simulation. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47:2019\u20132032, 2019.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2750_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9557-1","volume":"32","author":"F Tur\u00e9gano-Fuentes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tur\u00e9gano-Fuentes, F., P. Caba-Doussoux, J. M. Jover-Naval\u00f3n, E. Mart\u00edn-P\u00e9rez, D. Fern\u00e1ndez-Luengas, L. D\u00edez-Valladares, D. P\u00e9rez-D\u00edaz, P. Yuste-Garc\u00eda, H. G. Labajo, R. R\u00edos-Blanco, F. Hernando-Trancho, F. G. Nisa, M. Sanz-S\u00e1nchez, C. Garc\u00eda-Fuentes, A. Mart\u00ednez-Virto, J. L. Le\u00f3n-Baltasar, and J. Vazquez-Est\u00e9vez. Injury patterns from major urban terrorist bombings in trains: the Madrid experience. World J. Surg. 32:1168\u20131175, 2008.","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"2750_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02277-2","volume":"47","author":"G Unnikrishnan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Unnikrishnan, G., H. Mao, A. Sundaramurthy, E. D. Bell, S. Yeoh, K. Monson, and J. Reifman. A 3-D rat brain model for blast-wave exposure: effects of brain vasculature and material properties. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47:2033\u20132044, 2019.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2750_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02437-4","volume":"48","author":"EW Vogel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vogel, E. W., M. B. Panzer, F. N. Morales, N. Varghese, C. R. Bass, D. F. Meaney, and B. Morrison. Direct observation of low strain, high rate deformation of cultured brain tissue during primary blast. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48:1196\u20131206, 2020.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2750_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60257-9","volume":"374","author":"SJ Wolf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolf, S. J., V. S. Bebarta, C. J. Bonnett, P. T. Pons, and S. V. Cantrill. Blast injuries. Lancet 374:405\u2013415, 2009.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2750_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040277","volume":"19","author":"GW Wood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wood, G. W., M. B. Panzer, J. K. Shridharani, K. A. Matthews, B. P. Capehart, B. S. Myers, and C. R. Bass. Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests. Inj. Prev. 19:19\u201325, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040277.","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T02:47:34Z","timestamp":1634093254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02750-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-22604\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}