{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:38:06Z","timestamp":1790728686273,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016156","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-17-1-0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-1-0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T21:23:05Z","timestamp":1699219385000},"page":"2780-2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Head Impacts in the Top 1% by Peak Linear Acceleration and\/or Work Cause Immediate Concussion Signs and \u2018Check Engine\u2019 Responses in Military Service Members and Civilian Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7913-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler F.","family":"Rooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3393_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","volume":"51","author":"P McCrory","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCrory, P., W. Meeuwisse, J. Dvorak, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th\u00a0international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br. J. Sports Med. 51:838\u2013847, 2017.","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"3393_CR2","unstructured":"Assistant US Secretary of Defense, Warfighter Brain Health Directive. Accessed 01 Oct 2018."},{"key":"3393_CR3","unstructured":"TBICoE Research 2021, www.health.mil\/Military-Health-Topics. Accessed 09 Dec 2021."},{"issue":"4","key":"3393_CR4","first-page":"495","volume":"42","author":"LM Gessel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gessel, L. M., S. K. Fields, C. L. Collins, R. W. Dick, and R. D. Comstock. Concussions among United States high school and collegiate athletes. J. Athl. Train. 42(4):495\u2013503, 2007.","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514553090","volume":"43","author":"CM Baugh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baugh, C. M., E. Kroshus, D. H. Daneshvar, N. A. Filali, M. J. Hiscox, and L. H. Glantz. Concussion management in United States college sports: compliance with National Collegiate Athletic Association concussion policy and areas for improvement. Am. J. Sports Med. 43(1):47\u201356, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514553090.","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200401000-00003","volume":"14","author":"M McCrea","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCrea, M., T. Hammeke, G. Olsen, P. Leo, and K. Guskiewicz. Unreported concussion in high school football players: implications for prevention. Clin. J. Sport Med. 14(1):13\u201317, 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00042752-200401000-00003.","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0910.PMID:27573089;PMCID:PMC5005026","volume":"138","author":"RJ Elbin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elbin, R. J., A. Sufrinko, P. Schatz, J. French, L. Henry, S. Burkhart, M. W. Collins, and A. P. Kontos. Removal from play after concussion and recovery time. Pediatrics.138(3):e20160910, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-0910.PMID:27573089;PMCID:PMC5005026.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"3393_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70059-4","volume":"17","author":"RC Cantu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cantu, R. C. Second-impact syndrome. Clin. Sports Med. 17:37\u201344, 1998.","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e318201f53e","volume":"39","author":"KM Guskiewicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guskiewicz, K. M., and J. P. Mihalik. Biomechanics of sport concussion: quest for the elusive injury threshold. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 39(1):4\u201311, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JES.0b013e318201f53e.","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"3393_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1037\/0000087-000","volume-title":"Concussion: A Clinical Profile Approach to Assessment and Treatment","author":"AP Kontos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kontos, A. P., and M. W. Collins. Concussion: A Clinical Profile Approach to Assessment and Treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 28\u201330, 2018."},{"key":"3393_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02642-6","volume":"48","author":"DA Patton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patton, D. A., et al. Head impact sensor studies in sports: a systematic review of exposure confirmation methods. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48:2497\u20132507, 2020.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3393_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"AJ Bartsch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartsch, A. J., S. Samorezov, E. C. Benzel, V. J. Miele, and D. Brett. Validation of an \u2018\u201cintelligent mouthguard\u201d\u2019 single event head impact dosimeter. Stapp. Car. Crash J. 58:1\u201327, 2014.","journal-title":"Stapp. Car. Crash J."},{"key":"3393_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartsch, A. J., M. M. McCrea, D. S. Hedin, P. L. Gibson, V. J. Miele, E. C. Benzel, J. L. Alberts, S. Samorezov, A. Shah, B. S. Stemper. Laboratory and on-field data collected by a head impact monitoring mouthguard. In: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2019, pp. 2068\u20132072.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856907"},{"issue":"2","key":"3393_CR14","first-page":"224","volume":"55","author":"A Bartsch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartsch, A., V. Miele, J. Alberts, E. Benzel, A. Shah, J. Humm, B. Stemper, and M. McCrea. Estimates of high risk single and cumulative head impact doses in American football. Biomed. Sci. Instrum. 55(2):224\u2013229, 2019.","journal-title":"Biomed. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"3393_CR15","unstructured":"Bartsch, A., E. Benzel, S. Samorezov, V. Miele. Summary of accurate and precise head impacts collected on-ice in hockey players. In: ASTM International STP Proceedings from the 2019 International Ice Hockey Summit, Denver, Colorado, pp. 1\u201329, 2020."},{"issue":"11","key":"3393_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02640-8","volume":"48","author":"AJ Bartsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bartsch, A. J., D. Hedin, et al. High energy side and rear american football head impacts cause obvious performance decrement on video. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48(11):2667\u20132677, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02640-8.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"S1","key":"3393_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz334","volume":"185","author":"A Bartsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bartsch, A., R. Dama, J. Alberts, S. Samorezov, E. Benzel, V. Miele, A. Shah, J. Humm, M. McCrea, and B. Stemper. Measuring blunt force head impacts in athletes. Mil. Med. 185(S1):190\u2013196, 2020.","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"3393_CR18","unstructured":"Bartsch, A. J., D. Hedin, A. Shah, M. McCrea, B. Stemper. Engineering characteristics of athlete head impacts that cause \u201cObvious Performance Decrement (OPD)\u201d. 2020 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Injuries (IRCOBI), IRC-20-105, Florence."},{"issue":"12","key":"3393_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596712110598","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211059815.PMID:34901294;PMCID:PMC8664317","volume":"9","author":"AE Jansen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jansen, A. E., M. McGrath, S. Samorezov, J. Johnston, A. Bartsch, and J. Alberts. Characterizing head impact exposure in men and women during boxing and mixed martial arts. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 9(12):23259671211059816, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671211059815.PMID:34901294;PMCID:PMC8664317.","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"3393_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.07.004","volume":"49","author":"LC Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, L. C., K. Laksari, C. Kuo, S. Kleiven, J. F. Luck, C. R. Bass, and D. B. Camarillo. Bandwidth and sample rate requirements for wearable head impact sensors. J. Biomech. 49(13):2918\u20132924, 2016.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"3393_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105523","volume":"56","author":"B Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones, B., J. Tooby, D. Weaving, K. Till, C. Own, M. Begonia, K. Stokes, S. Rowson, G. Phillips, S. Hendricks, E. Falvey, M. Al-Dawoud, and G. Tierney. Ready for impact? A validity and feasibility study of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Br. J. Sports Med. 56:1171\u20131179, 2022.","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"3393_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042639","volume":"13","author":"D Sokol-Randell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sokol-Randell, D., O. W. Stelzer-Hiller, D. Allan, and G. Tierney. Heads up! A biomechanical pilot investigation of soccer heading using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Appl. Sci. 13(4):2639, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13042639.","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"3393_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020584.PMID:35062545;PMCID:PMC8781372","volume":"22","author":"J Tooby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tooby, J., D. Weaving, M. Al-Dawoud, and G. Tierney. Quantification of head acceleration events in rugby league: an instrumented mouthguard and video analysis pilot study. Sensors (Basel). 22(2):584, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22020584.PMID:35062545;PMCID:PMC8781372.","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)."},{"key":"3393_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetchko, T., G. Boudreau, M. Roach, K. Cameron, T. Rooks. Video verification of an instrumented mouthguard in American collegiate men\u2019s rugby. In Proceedings of the ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2022, paper 94439.","DOI":"10.1115\/IMECE2022-94439"},{"key":"3393_CR25","volume-title":"Principles of Dynamics","author":"DT Greenwood","year":"1988","unstructured":"Greenwood, D. T. Principles of Dynamics, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1988.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"11","key":"3393_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02647-1","volume":"48","author":"EE Kieffer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kieffer, E. E., M. T. Begonia, A. M. Tyson, and S. Rowson. A two-phased approach to quantifying head impact sensor accuracy: in-laboratory and on-field assessments. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48(11):2613\u20132625, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02647-1.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"3393_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02629-3","volume":"48","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y., A. G. Domel, S. A. Yousefsani, J. Kondic, G. Grant, M. Zeineh, and D. B. Camarillo. Validation and comparison of instrumented mouthguards for measuring head kinematics and assessing brain deformation in football impacts. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48(11):2580\u20132598, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02629-3.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"3393_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0183-3","volume":"39","author":"JR Funk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Funk, J. R., J. M. Cormier, C. E. Bain, H. Guzman, E. Bonugli, and S. J. Manoogian. Head and neck loading in everyday and vigorous activities. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 39(2):766\u2013776, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-010-0183-3.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"3393_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4758","volume":"36","author":"F Hernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernandez, F., and D. B. Camarillo. Voluntary head rotational velocity and implications for brain injury risk metrics. J. Neurotrauma. 36(7):1125\u20131135, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2016.4758.","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"3393_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2000-01-SC16","author":"JA Newman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Newman, J. A., N. Shewchenko, and E. Welbourne. A proposed new biomechanical head injury assessment function\u2014the maximum power index. Stapp. Car. Crash. J. 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2000-01-SC16.","journal-title":"Stapp. Car. Crash. J."},{"key":"3393_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000083559.68424.3F","volume":"53","author":"EJ Pellman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pellman, E. J., D. C. Viano, A. M. Tucker, I. R. Casson, and J. F. Waeckerle. Concussion in professional football: reconstruction of game impacts and injuries. Neurosurgery. 53:799\u2013814, 2003.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.10.006","volume":"23","author":"JM Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark, J. M., K. Adanty, A. Post, T. B. Hoshizaki, J. Clissold, A. McGoldrick, J. Hill, A. N. Annaidh, and M. D. Gilchrist. Proposed injury thresholds for concussion in equestrian sports. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 23(3):222\u2013236, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.10.006.","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"issue":"20","key":"3393_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099727","volume":"53","author":"GA Davis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Davis, G. A., M. Makdissi, P. Bloomfield, et al. International study of video review of concussion in professional sports. Br. J. Sports Med. 53(20):1299\u20131304, 2019.","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2019.1590833","volume":"28","author":"LE Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller, L. E., E. K. Pinkerton, K. C. Fabian, L. C. Wu, M. A. Espeland, L. C. Lamond, C. M. Miles, D. B. Camarillo, J. D. Stitzel, and J. E. Urban. Characterizing head impact exposure in youth female soccer with a custom-instrumented mouthpiece. Res. Sports Med. 28(1):55\u201371, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2019.1590833.","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"3393_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.4012.2014","volume":"85","author":"JJ Knapik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knapik, J. J., R. Steelman, K. Hoedebecke, S. Rankin, K. Klug, K. Collier, and B. H. Jones. Injury incidence with T-10 and T-11 parachutes in military airborne operations. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 85:1159\u20131169, 2014.","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"3393_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)87453-X","volume":"09","author":"AS Holbourn","year":"1943","unstructured":"Holbourn, A. S. Mechanics of head injuries. Lancet. 09:438, 1943.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3393_CR37","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Gravitational Stress in Aerospace Medicine","author":"JP Stapp","year":"1961","unstructured":"Stapp, J. P. Human tolerance to severe, abrupt deceleration. In: Gravitational Stress in Aerospace Medicine, edited by O. H. Gauer, and G. D. Zuidema. Boston: Little Brown and Co, 1961, pp. 165\u2013188."},{"key":"3393_CR38","unstructured":"Patrick, L. M., H. R. Lissner, E. S. Gurdjian. Survival by design: head protection. In: Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Warrendale, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1965, pp. 483\u2013499."},{"issue":"5","key":"3393_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196609000-00005","volume":"6","author":"ES Gurdjian","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gurdjian, E. S., V. L. Roberts, and L. M. Thomas. Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury. J, Trauma. 6(5):600\u2013604, 1966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-196609000-00005.","journal-title":"J, Trauma."},{"key":"3393_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/12.CN_suppl_1.112","volume":"12","author":"ES Gurdjian","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gurdjian, E. S., H. R. Lissner, V. R. Hodgson, and L. M. Patrick. Mechanism of head injury. Clin. Neurosurg. 12:112\u2013228, 1964.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurosurg."},{"key":"3393_CR41","unstructured":"Slobodnik, B. A.\u00a0SPH-4 helmet damage and head injury correlation. Army Aeromedical Research Lab Fort Rucker Al, 1980."},{"issue":"2","key":"3393_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1691446","volume":"126","author":"L Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang, L., K. H. Yang, and A. I. King. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J. Biomech. Eng. 126(2):226\u2013236, 2004.","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249286.92255.7F","volume":"60","author":"B Schnebel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schnebel, B., J. T. Gwin, S. Anderson, and R. Gatlin. In vivo study of head impacts in football: a comparison of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I versus high school impacts. Neurosurgery. 60(3):490\u2013495, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249286.92255.7F. (discussion 495-6)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"6","key":"3393_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306103.68635.1a","volume":"61","author":"KM Guskiewicz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guskiewicz, K. M., J. P. Mihalik, V. Shankar, S. W. Marshall, D. H. Crowell, S. M. Oliaro, M. F. Ciocca, and D. N. Hooker. Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: relationship between head impact biomechanics and acute clinical outcome after concussion. Neurosurgery. 61(6):1244\u20131252, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000306103.68635.1a. (discussion 1252-3)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"11","key":"3393_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181dd9156","volume":"42","author":"SP Broglio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Broglio, S. P., B. Schnebel, J. J. Sosnoff, S. Shin, X. Feng, X. He, and J. Zimmerman. Biomechanical properties of concussions in high school football. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 42(11):2064\u20132071, 2010.","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"15","key":"3393_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.08.003","volume":"44","author":"JJ Crisco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crisco, J. J., B. J. Wilcox, J. G. Beckwith, J. J. Chu, A. C. Duhaime, S. Rowson, S. M. Duma, A. C. Maerlender, T. W. McAllister, and R. M. Greenwald. Head impact exposure in collegiate football players. J. Biomech. 44(15):2673\u20132678, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.08.003.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"3393_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1512","volume":"31","author":"TM Talavage","year":"2014","unstructured":"Talavage, T. M., E. A. Nauman, E. L. Breedlove, U. Yoruk, A. E. Dye, K. E. Morigaki, H. Feuer, and L. J. Leverenz. Functionally-detected cognitive impairment in high school football players without clinically-diagnosed concussion. J. Neurotrauma. 31(4):327\u2013338, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2010.1512.","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma."},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514560876","volume":"43","author":"D King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King, D., P. A. Hume, M. Brughelli, and C. Gissane. Instrumented mouthguard acceleration analyses for head impacts in amateur rugby union players over a season of matches. Am. J. Sports Med. 43(3):614\u2013624, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514560876.","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"3393_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02136-6","volume":"47","author":"BD Stemper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stemper, B. D., A. S. Shah, J. Harezlak, S. Rowson, J. P. Mihalik, S. M. Duma, L. D. Riggen, A. Brooks, K. L. Cameron, D. Campbell, J. P. DiFiori, C. C. Giza, K. M. Guskiewicz, J. Jackson, G. T. McGinty, S. J. Svoboda, T. W. McAllister, S. P. Broglio, and M. McCrea. CARE consortium investigators: comparison of head impact exposure between concussed football athletes and matched controls: evidence for a possible second mechanism of sport-related concussion. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47(10):2057\u20132072, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-018-02136-6.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200501000-00002","volume":"15","author":"SM Duma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duma, S. M., S. J. Manoogian, W. R. Bussone, P. G. Brolinson, M. W. Goforth, J. J. Donnenwerth, R. M. Greenwald, J. J. Chu, and J. J. Crisco. Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players. Clin J Sport Med. 15(1):3\u20138, 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00042752-200501000-00002.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1102689","volume":"365","author":"SP Broglio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Broglio, S. P., E. E. Swartz, J. J. Crisco, and R. C. Cantu. In vivo biomechanical measurements of a football player\u2019s C6 spine fracture. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(3):279\u2013281, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1102689.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"3393_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1520\/JAI101908","volume":"6","author":"MN McPherson","year":"2009","unstructured":"McPherson, M. N., W. J. Montelpare, M. Keightley, N. Reed, M. Sutherland, T. Taha, J. McAuliffe, J. R. Baker, J. Cubos, and B. Fought. An analysis of head impact profiles and safe hockey behaviors in youth hockey players. J. ASTM Int. 6:10, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/JAI101908.","journal-title":"J. ASTM Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"3393_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000412","volume":"27","author":"AM Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith, A. M., M. J. Stuart, W. O. Roberts, D. W. Dodick, J. T. Finnoff, J. K. Jorgensen, and D. A. Krause. Concussion in ice hockey: current gaps and future directions in an objective diagnosis. Clin. J. Sport Med. 27(5):503\u2013509, 2017.","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"3393_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pincemaille, Y., X. Trosseille, P. Mack, C. Tarriere. Some new data related to human tolerance obtained from volunteer boxers. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper No. 892435, November\/1989.","DOI":"10.4271\/892435"},{"issue":"10","key":"3393_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.052845","volume":"44","author":"S Stojsih","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stojsih, S., M. Boitano, M. Wilhelm, and C. Bir. A prospective study of punch biomechanics and cognitive function for amateur boxers. Br. J. Sports Med. 44(10):725\u2013730, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.052845.","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"3393_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1420-6","volume":"44","author":"GP Siegmund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siegmund, G. P., K. M. Guskiewicz, S. W. Marshall, A. L. DeMarco, and S. J. Bonin. Laboratory validation of two wearable sensor systems for measuring head impact severity in football players. Ann Biomed Eng. 44(4):1257\u20131274, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-015-1420-6.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a32d0d","volume":"46","author":"MA Allison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allison, M. A., Y. S. Kang, J. H. Bolte, M. R. Maltese, and K. B. Arbogast. Validation of a helmet-based system to measure head impact biomechanics in ice hockey. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 46(1):115\u2013123, 2014.","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"8","key":"3393_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1197-z","volume":"43","author":"MA Allison","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allison, M. A., Y. S. Kang, M. R. Maltese, J. H. Bolte 4th., and K. B. Arbogast. Measurement of hybrid iii head impact kinematics using an accelerometer and gyroscope system in ice hockey helmets. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 43(8):1896\u20131906, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-014-1197-z.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3393_CR59","unstructured":"Siegmund, G. P., S. J. Bonin, J. F. Luck, C. R. Bass. Validation of a Skin-mounted Sensor for Measuring In-Vivo Head Impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Meeting of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI), IRC-15-28, pp. 182\u2013183, 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"3393_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1423-3","volume":"44","author":"LC Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, L. C., V. Nangia, K. Bui, B. Hammoor, M. Kurt, F. Hernandez, C. Kuo, and D. B. Camarillo. In vivo evaluation of wearable head impact sensors. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 44(4):1234\u20131245, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-015-1423-3.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3393_CR61","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"SL Zuckerman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuckerman, S. L., R. J. Elbin, A. K. Sills, J. R. Crandall, D. J. Lessley, C. M. Moran, C. D. Moran, and G. S. Solomon. Concussions in the National Football League: the evolution of video review for assessing the frequency and reliability of visible signs. Phys. Sportsmed. 5:1\u20136, 2020.","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T19:09:57Z","timestamp":1726427397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-023-03393-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of the manuscript. Cleveland Clinic has entered into an exclusive license agreement with Prevent Biometrics for impact monitoring mouthguard technology on which AB is an inventor. AB is also an employee and shareholder of Prevent Biometrics. AB has direct family members who are also shareholders of Prevent Biometrics. The conflicts disclosed here are managed by the Cleveland Clinic Conflict Management Board. Complete details can be found at  TR is a United States Department of Defense Civilian Employee. Separate from the current study, the United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) has purchased and used Prevent Biometrics impact monitoring mouthguard sensors. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the DOD. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}