{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1790159782902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR074800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR074800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR065527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR065527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR075399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR075399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01071440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01071440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AR079594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR079594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:45:55Z","timestamp":1747129555000},"page":"1883-1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resting Supine for 45 Minutes Yields Consistent Baseline Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Height in Asymptomatic Participants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Coppock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej S.","family":"Kosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Spritzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam P.","family":"Goode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis E.","family":"DeFrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103881","volume":"110","author":"SE Bezci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bezci, S. E., S. Lim, and G. D. O\u2019Connell. Nonlinear stress-dependent recovery behavior of the intervertebral disc. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.110:103881, 2020.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03662-5","volume":"390","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, S., W. Liu, S. Chen, B. Wang, P. Wang, B. Hu, X. Lv, and Z. Shao. Extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc: basic and translational implications. Cell Tissue Res. 390(1):1\u201322, 2022.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"3749_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.028","volume":"23","author":"PP Vergroesen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vergroesen, P. P., I. Kingma, K. S. Emanuel, R. J. Hoogendoorn, T. J. Welting, B. J. van Royen, J. H. van Dieen, and T. H. Smit. Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: a vicious circle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23(7):1057\u20131070, 2015.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"3749_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v029a25","volume":"29","author":"KS Emanuel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emanuel, K. S., P. P. Vergroesen, M. Peeters, R. M. Holewijn, I. Kingma, and T. H. Smit. Poroelastic behaviour of the degenerating human intervertebral disc: a ten-day study in a loaded disc culture system. Eur. Cell Mater. 29:330\u2013340, 2015.","journal-title":"Eur. Cell Mater."},{"issue":"14","key":"3749_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318067dd3f","volume":"32","author":"JC Iatridis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iatridis, J. C., J. J. MacLean, M. O\u2019Brien, and I. A. Stokes. Measurements of proteoglycan and water content distribution in human lumbar intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(14):1493\u20131497, 2007.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2138156","volume":"72","author":"MA Adams","year":"1990","unstructured":"Adams, M. A., P. Dolan, W. C. Hutton, and R. W. Porter. Diurnal changes in spinal mechanics and their clinical significance. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 72(2):266\u2013270, 1990.","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"issue":"6","key":"3749_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E334","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002354","volume":"43","author":"SE Bezci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bezci, S. E., and G. D. O\u2019Connell. Osmotic pressure alters time-dependent recovery behavior of the intervertebral disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 43(6):E334\u2013E340, 2018.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00250-1","volume":"37","author":"SJ Ferguson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferguson, S. J., K. Ito, and L. P. Nolte. Fluid flow and convective transport of solutes within the intervertebral disc. J. Biomech. 37(2):213\u2013221, 2004.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"3749_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100120407","volume":"12","author":"H Paajanen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paajanen, H., I. Lehto, A. Alanen, M. Erkintalo, and M. Komu. Diurnal fluid changes of lumbar discs measured indirectly by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Orthop. Res. 12(4):509\u2013514, 1994.","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:1<1::AID-CA1>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"11","author":"N Roberts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roberts, N., D. Hogg, G. H. Whitehouse, and P. Dangerfield. Quantitative analysis of diurnal variation in volume and water content of lumbar intervertebral discs. Clin. Anat. 11(1):1\u20138, 1998.","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198802000-00009","volume":"13","author":"JP Urban","year":"1988","unstructured":"Urban, J. P., and J. F. McMullin. Swelling pressure of the lumbar intervertebral discs: influence of age, spinal level, composition, and degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 13(2):179\u2013187, 1988.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71003-z","volume":"10","author":"T Jentzsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jentzsch, T., N. A. Farshad-Amacker, P. Machler, J. Farei-Campagna, A. Hoch, A. B. Rosskopf, and C. M. L. Werner. Diurnal T2-changes of the intervertebral discs of the entire spine and the influence of weightlifting. Sci. Rep. 10(1):14395, 2020.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"3749_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0950","volume":"23","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C., J. Wang, B. Hou, Y. Li, J. N. Morelli, P. Zhang, J. Ran, and X. Li. Diurnal variation in hydration of the cervical intervertebral disc assessed using T2 mapping of magnetic resonance imaging. Korean J. Radiol. 23(6):638\u2013648, 2022.","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21390","volume":"28","author":"B Ludescher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludescher, B., J. Effelsberg, P. Martirosian, G. Steidle, B. Markert, C. Claussen, and F. Schick. T2- and diffusion-maps reveal diurnal changes of intervertebral disc composition: an in vivo MRI study at 1.5 tesla. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 28(1):252\u2013257, 2008.","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging."},{"issue":"7","key":"3749_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.02.002","volume":"4","author":"GD O'Connell","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell, G. D., N. T. Jacobs, S. Sen, E. J. Vresilovic, and D. M. Elliott. Axial creep loading and unloaded recovery of the human intervertebral disc and the effect of degeneration. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 4(7):933\u2013942, 2011.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"3749_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.01.045","volume":"71","author":"JT Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin, J. T., A. B. Oldweiler, C. E. Spritzer, B. J. Soher, M. M. Erickson, A. P. Goode, and L. E. DeFrate. A magnetic resonance imaging framework for quantifying intervertebral disc deformation in vivo: reliability and application to diurnal variations in lumbar disc shape. J. Biomech. 71:291\u2013295, 2018.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"3749_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110392","volume":"121","author":"JA Coppock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coppock, J. A., S. T. Danyluk, Z. A. Englander, C. E. Spritzer, A. P. Goode, and L. E. DeFrate. Increasing BMI increases lumbar intervertebral disc deformation following a treadmill walking stress test. J. Biomech.121:110392, 2021.","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.09.008","volume":"31","author":"JA Coppock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coppock, J. A., N. E. Zimmer, Z. A. Englander, S. T. Danyluk, A. S. Kosinski, C. E. Spritzer, A. P. Goode, and L. E. DeFrate. In vivo intervertebral disc mechanical deformation following a treadmill walking \u201cstress test\u201d is inversely related to T1rho relaxation time. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 31(1):126\u2013133, 2023.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"issue":"12","key":"3749_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02558-1","volume":"48","author":"HC Cutcliffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cutcliffe, H. C., K. M. Davis, C. E. Spritzer, and L. DeFrate. The characteristic recovery time as a novel, noninvasive metric for assessing in vivo cartilage mechanical function. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 48(12):2901\u20132910, 2020.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1727-4","volume":"20","author":"AT Collins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collins, A. T., M. L. Kulvaranon, H. C. Cutcliffe, G. M. Utturkar, W. A. R. Smith, C. E. Spritzer, F. Guilak, and L. E. DeFrate. Obesity alters the in vivo mechanical response and biochemical properties of cartilage as measured by MRI. Arthritis Res. Ther. 20(1):232, 2018.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2024.100556","volume":"7","author":"PX Bradley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bradley, P. X., S. Y. Kim-Wang, B. S. Blaisdell, A. D. Riofrio, A. T. Collins, L. N. Heckelman, E. C. Obunadike, M. R. Widmyer, C. S. Paranjape, B. S. Crook, N. K. Lad, E. G. Sutter, B. P. Mann, C. E. Spritzer, and L. E. DeFrate. Tibiofemoral cartilage strain and recovery following a 3-mile run measured using deep learning segmentation of bone and cartilage. Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open.7(1):100556, 2025.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/105294199277860","volume":"6","author":"JR Dixon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dixon, J. R. The international conference on harmonization good clinical practice guideline. Qual Assur. 6(2):65\u201374, 1998.","journal-title":"Qual Assur."},{"issue":"3","key":"3749_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100378","volume":"5","author":"JA Coppock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coppock, J. A., N. E. Zimmer, C. E. Spritzer, A. P. Goode, and L. E. DeFrate. Automated segmentation and prediction of intervertebral disc morphology and uniaxial deformations from MRI. Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open.5(3):100378, 2023.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo, T. K., and M. Y. Li. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J. Chiropr. Med. 15(2):155\u2013163, 2016.","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3749_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1138","volume":"4","author":"JJ Costi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costi, J. J., E. H. Ledet, and G. D. O\u2019Connell. Spine biomechanical testing methodologies: The controversy of consensus vs scientific evidence. JOR Spine.4(1):e1138, 2021.","journal-title":"JOR Spine."},{"key":"3749_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.01.037","volume":"69","author":"N Newell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newell, N., J. P. Little, A. Christou, M. A. Adams, C. J. Adam, and S. D. Masouros. Biomechanics of the human intervertebral disc: a review of testing techniques and results. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 69:420\u2013434, 2017.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"3749_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528409059129","volume":"1","author":"T Reilly","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reilly, T., A. Tyrrell, and J. D. G. Troup. Orcadian variation in human stature. Chronobiol. Int. 1(2):121\u2013126, 1984.","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"issue":"17","key":"3749_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f2a177","volume":"36","author":"K Siemionow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Siemionow, K., H. An, K. Masuda, G. Andersson, and G. Cs-Szabo. The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and spinal level on the rate of intervertebral disc degeneration: a review of 1712 intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(17):1333\u20131339, 2011.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3749_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.019","volume":"24","author":"F Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, F., F. Cai, R. Shi, X. H. Wang, and X. T. Wu. Aging and age related stresses: a senescence mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 24(3):398\u2013408, 2016.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"issue":"24","key":"3749_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E708","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59a0","volume":"32","author":"JF Griffith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith, J. F., Y. X. Wang, G. E. Antonio, K. C. Choi, A. Yu, A. T. Ahuja, and P. C. Leung. Modified Pfirrmann grading system for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(24):E708\u2013E712, 2007.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3749_CR31","first-page":"15","volume":"88","author":"V Haughton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haughton, V. Imaging intervertebral disc degeneration. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 88(Suppl 2):15\u201320, 2006.","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"17","key":"3749_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","volume":"26","author":"CW Pfirrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfirrmann, C. W., A. Metzdorf, M. Zanetti, J. Hodler, and N. Boos. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 26(17):1873\u20131878, 2001.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T14:42:41Z","timestamp":1757169761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03749-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no competing interests that could influence our results and conclusions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study were conducted with Duke Institutional Review Board approval and were in accordance with the ethical standards of the International Conference on Harmonization\u2019s guideline for Good Clinical Practice. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in any study activities.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}