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It was performed by the Declaration of Helsinki's ethical principles and international norms and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi\u2019an Honghui Hospital (2025-KY-132-01). The use of personal data was approved by the patient, with all data anonymized and securely stored to ensure confidentiality.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"In the orthogonal test, the 14th simulation was used as the control. The simulation result of each modeling parameter combination in the orthogonal table was compared with that of the 14th simulation. Then, the parameters DC\n                      A\n                      and DC\n                      S\n                      of these two simulated tissue deformations were calculated using the quantitative method mentioned in Section 2.3 (Table\n                      \n                      ).\n                      \n                      Based on the result of the orthogonal test, the range analysis method was carried on to study the impacts of modeling parameters on the simulated tissue deformation, as shown in Tables\n                      \n                      and\n                      \n                      . Specifically, the K value represented the sum of the parameter DC\n                      A\n                      or DC\n                      S\n                      in a certain level of a certain factor, and the average K value represents the mean value of the corresponding value. For example, the KA1 represents the level 1 of the parameter A. The Range value was equal to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the average K value, which represented the impacts of modeling parameters on the parameters DC\n                      A\n                      or DC\n                      S\n                      . The larger the value is, the bigger the influence is.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Appendix: The Orthogonal Test for the Modeling Parameters of Muscle Model"}}]}}