{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:11:40Z","timestamp":1784758300712,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL132801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL132801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL127033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL127033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL142955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL142955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL172851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL172851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021528","name":"Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9520519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9520519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T18:28:05Z","timestamp":1764008885000},"page":"679-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient-Informed Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Young Adults Reveal Regionalized Differences in Mechanical Stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1545-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hail B.","family":"Kazik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harkamaljot S.","family":"Kandail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Lincoln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John F.","family":"LaDisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00162","volume":"5","author":"V Menon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menon, V., and J. Lincoln. The genetic regulation of aortic valve development and calcific disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 5:162, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00162.","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"3919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.01.039","volume":"133","author":"HH Sievers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sievers, H. H., and C. Schmidtke. A classification system for the bicuspid aortic valve from 304 surgical specimens. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 133:1226\u20131233, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.01.039.","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"3919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01921","author":"T Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, T., M. Xie, Q. Lv, Y. Li, L. Fang, L. Zhang, W. Deng, and J. Wang. Bicuspid aortic valve: an update in morphology, genetics, biomarker, complications, imaging diagnosis and treatment. Front. Physiol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01921.","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"3919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1317","author":"N Tzemos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tzemos, N. Outcomes in adults with bicuspid aortic valves. JAMA. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.300.11.1317.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.07.130","volume":"96","author":"J Siddiqui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Siddiqui, J., C. P. Brizard, I. E. Konstantinov, J. Galati, G. Wheaton, M. Cheung, S. Horton, and Y. D\u2019Udekem. Outcomes after operations for bicuspid aortic valve disease in the pediatric population. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 96:2175\u20132183, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.07.130.","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"3919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8","volume":"106","author":"PW Fedak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fedak, P. W., S. Verma, T. E. David, R. L. Leask, R. D. Weisel, and J. Butany. Clinical and pathophysiological implications of a bicuspid aortic valve. Circulation. 106(8):900\u2013904, 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-012-0375-x","volume":"11","author":"S Chandra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chandra, S., N. M. Rajamannan, and P. Sucosky. Computational assessment of bicuspid aortic valve wall-shear stress: implications for calcific aortic valve disease. Biomech. Model Mechanobiol. 11:1085\u20131096, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-012-0375-x.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model Mechanobiol."},{"key":"3919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2798","author":"K Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao, K., and P. Sucosky. Computational comparison of regional stress and deformation characteristics in tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve leaflets. Int. J. Numer. Method Biomed. Eng. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.2798.","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Method Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084433","author":"L Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun, L., N. M. Rajamannan, and P. Sucosky. Defining the role of fluid shear stress in the expression of early signaling markers for calcific aortic valve disease. PLoS One. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0084433.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.176347","volume":"29","author":"P Sucosky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sucosky, P., K. Balachandran, A. Elhammali, H. Jo, and A. P. Yoganathan. Altered shear stress stimulates upregulation of endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in a BMP-4- and TGF-\u03b21-dependent pathway. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 29:254\u2013260, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.176347.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"3919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090631","volume":"177","author":"K Balachandran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balachandran, K., P. Sucosky, H. Jo, and A. P. Yoganathan. Elevated cyclic stretch induces aortic valve calcification in a bone morphogenic protein-dependent manner. Am. J. Pathol. 177:49\u201357, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090631.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"3919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048843","author":"L Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun, L., S. Chandra, and P. Sucosky. Ex vivo evidence for the contribution of hemodynamic shear stress abnormalities to the early pathogenesis of calcific bicuspid aortic valve disease. PLoS ONE. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048843.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90067-6","volume":"58","author":"MJ Thubrikar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Thubrikar, M. J., J. Aouad, and S. P. Nolan. Patterns of calcific deposits in operatively excised stenotic or purely regurgitant aortic valves and their relation to mechanical stress. Am J Cardiol. 58:304\u2013308, 1986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90067-6.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"3919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02571-4","author":"M Emendi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emendi, M., F. Sturla, R. P. Ghosh, M. Bianchi, F. Piatti, F. R. Pluchinotta, D. Giese, M. Lombardi, A. Redaelli, and D. Bluestein. Patient-specific bicuspid aortic valve biomechanics: a magnetic resonance imaging integrated fluid-structure interaction approach. Ann Biomed Eng. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02571-4.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3919_CR15","unstructured":"Thubrikar, M. J. The Aortic Valve. p. 221, 1990."},{"key":"3919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149020","author":"D Van Geemen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Geemen, D., A. L. F. Soares, P. J. A. Oomen, A. Driessen-Mol, M. W. J. T. Janssen-Van Den Broek, A. J. Van Den Bogaerdt, A. J. J. C. Bogers, M. J. T. H. Goumans, F. P. T. Baaijens, and C. V. C. Bouten. Age-dependent changes in geometry, tissue composition and mechanical properties of fetal to adult cryopreserved human heart valves. PLoS ONE. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149020.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3919_CR17","unstructured":"Erik, B., H. Soneson, S. Agarwal, J. Wulcan, J. T\u00f6ger, M. Larsson, J. Sj\u00f6gren, J. Ugander, E. S\u00f6dervall, and N. Lundahl. Segment\u2014user manual research version. 2024. https:\/\/medviso.com\/documents\/segment\/manual.pdf."},{"key":"3919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2020.08.016","volume":"33","author":"A Razavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Razavi, A., S. Sachdeva, P. C. Frommelt, and J. F. LaDisa. Patient-specific numerical analysis of coronary flow in children with intramural anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 33:155\u2013167, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2020.08.016.","journal-title":"Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"3919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-16-S1-O104","author":"J Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong, J., K. Pushparajah, A. De Vecchi, G. F. Greil, T. Hussain, and R. Razavi. Myocardial contractile response to dobutamine in hypoplastic left heart syndrome post-Fontan. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1532-429X-16-S1-O104.","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"3919_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008670","author":"Y Hayabuchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayabuchi, Y., A. Ono, Y. Homma, and S. Kagami. Analysis of right ventricular myocardial stiffness and relaxation components in children and adolescents with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.008670.","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"3919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0083-6","volume":"38","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, H. J., I. E. Vignon-Clementel, J. S. Coogan, C. A. Figueroa, K. E. Jansen, and C. A. Taylor. Patient-specific modeling of blood flow and pressure in human coronary arteries. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 38:3195\u20133209, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-010-0083-6.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00086.2010.-Abnormal","volume":"109","author":"AR Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams, A. R., B.-K. Koo, T. J. Gundert, P. J. Fitzgerald, and J. F. Ladisa. Local hemodynamic changes caused by main branch stent implantation and subsequent virtual side branch balloon angioplasty in a representative coronary bifurcation. J. Appl. Physiol. 109:532\u2013540, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00086.2010.-Abnormal.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"3919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/12\/306","volume":"44","author":"Y Zhou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., G. S. Kassab, and S. Molloi. On the design of the coronary arterial tree: a generalization of Murray\u2019s law. Phys. Med. Biol. 44:2929\u20132945, 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/12\/306.","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"3919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00123.2013.-Dr","volume":"38","author":"JR Mitchell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. R., and J.-J. Wang. How we teach expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology. Adv. Physiol. Educ. 38:170\u2013175, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00123.2013.-Dr.","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"3919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H424","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.2.H424","volume":"276","author":"N Stergiopulos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stergiopulos, N., P. Segers, and N. Westerhof. Use of pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 276(2):H424\u2013H428, 1999.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"3919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-016-0803-4","volume":"16","author":"L Ellwein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ellwein, L., M. M. Samyn, M. Danduran, S. Schindler-Ivens, S. Liebham, and J. F. LaDisa. Toward translating near-infrared spectroscopy oxygen saturation data for the non-invasive prediction of spatial and temporal hemodynamics during exercise. Biomech. Model Mechanobiol. 16:75\u201396, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-016-0803-4.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model Mechanobiol."},{"key":"3919_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.07.009","volume":"29","author":"ALF Soares","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soares, A. L. F., D. van Geemen, A. J. van den Bogaerdt, C. W. J. Oomens, C. V. C. Bouten, and F. P. T. Baaijens. Mechanics of the pulmonary valve in the aortic position. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 29:557\u2013567, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.07.009.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"3919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073","volume":"3","author":"TC Gasser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gasser, T. C., R. W. Ogden, and G. A. Holzapfel. Hyperelastic modelling of arterial layers with distributed collagen fibre orientations. J. R. Soc. Interface. 3:15\u201335, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073.","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"3919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.06.032","volume":"86","author":"HS Kandail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kandail, H. S., S. D. Trivedi, A. C. Shaikh, T. K. Bajwa, D. P. O\u2019Hair, A. Jahangir, and J. F. LaDisa. Impact of annular and supra-annular CoreValve deployment locations on aortic and coronary artery hemodynamics. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 86:131\u2013142, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.06.032.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"3919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1114\/1.122","volume":"26","author":"KJ Grande","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grande, K. J., R. P. Cochran, P. G. Reinhall, and K. S. Kunzelman. Stress variations in the human aortic root and valve: the role of anatomic asymmetry. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 26(4):534\u2013545, 1998.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2016.11.008","volume":"99","author":"Q Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Q., J. Li, and J. Liu. ParaView visualization of Abaqus output on the mechanical deformation of complex microstructures. Comput. Geosci. 99:135\u2013144, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2016.11.008.","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"3919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.677977","author":"HB Kazik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazik, H. B., H. S. Kandail, J. F. LaDisa Jr., and J. Lincoln. Molecular and mechanical mechanisms of calcification pathology induced by bicuspid aortic valve abnormalities. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.677977.","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"3919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3865","author":"Z Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin, Z., C. Armour, H. Kandail, D. P. O\u2019Regan, T. Bahrami, S. Mirsadraee, S. Pirola, and X. Y. Xu. Fluid\u2013structure interaction analysis of a healthy aortic valve and its surrounding haemodynamics. Int. J. Numer Method Biomed. Eng. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.3865.","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer Method Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3919_CR34","volume-title":"Physiology","author":"N Patel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patel, N., J. Durland, A. Awosika, and A. Makaryus. Physiology. Cardiac Index: StatPearls Publishing, 2025."},{"key":"3919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0","volume":"42","author":"A Aggarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aggarwal, A., G. Ferrari, E. Joyce, M. J. Daniels, R. Sainger, J. H. Gorman, R. Gorman, and M. S. Sacks. Architectural trends in the human normal and bicuspid aortic valve leaflet and its relevance to valve disease. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 42:986\u2013998, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-014-0973-0.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1192797","author":"A Ghorbannia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghorbannia, A., and J. F. LaDisa. Intravascular imaging of angioplasty balloon under-expansion during pre-dilation predicts hyperelastic behavior of coronary artery lesions. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1192797.","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T20:49:39Z","timestamp":1772657379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-025-03919-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This research study was conducted retrospectively from cardiac imaging data obtained for clinical purposes. This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Medical College of Wisconsin (PRO00045124). Material testing was performed on human biospecimens procured via the MCW tissue bank, which provides de-identified samples. This study was reviewed and approved by our Institutional Review Board at the Medical College of Wisconsin (PRO00045554).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}