{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1787841100585,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fund"},{"name":"Cross-strait Tsinghua Research Institute","award":["HXY-Med-20240627-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HXY-Med-20240627-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:33:08Z","timestamp":1772832788000},"page":"3026-3042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidisciplinary Optimization Design of pVADs Using Analytical Target Cascading-Guided Genetic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Chenghan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Chaoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/mat.0000000000002169","volume":"70","author":"JH Kwon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwon, J. H., D. Bentley, M. Cevasco, et al. Patient characteristics and early clinical outcomes with Impella 5.5: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ASAIO J. 70(7):557\u2013564, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mat.0000000000002169.","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"6","key":"3997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001076","volume":"146","author":"BJ Geller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geller, B. J., S. S. Sinha, N. K. Kapur, et al. Escalating and de-escalating temporary mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 146(6):e50\u2013e68, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001076.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"3997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.098194","volume":"126","author":"WW O\u2019Neill","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, W. W., N. S. Kleiman, J. Moses, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of hemodynamic support with Impella 2.5 versus intra-aortic balloon pump in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 126(14):1717\u20131727, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.098194.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2009.00799.x","volume":"34","author":"L Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu, L., X. Zhang, and Z. Yao. Shape optimization of the diffuser blade of an axial blood pump by computational fluid dynamics. Artif. Organs. 34(3):185\u2013192, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2009.00799.x.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"8","key":"3997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/mat.0000000000001090","volume":"66","author":"J Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, J., K. Oki, F. Hesselmann, et al. Biologically inspired, open, helicoid impeller design for mechanical circulatory assist. ASAIO J. 66(8):899\u2013908, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mat.0000000000001090.","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"4","key":"3997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12567","volume":"40","author":"H Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, H., G. Janiga, and D. Th\u00e9venin. Computational fluid dynamics-based design optimization method for Archimedes screw blood pumps. Artif. Organs. 40(4):341\u2013352, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.12567.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"7","key":"3997_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12871","volume":"41","author":"H Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, H., S. Engel, G. Janiga, et al. A review of hemolysis prediction models for computational fluid dynamics. Artif. Organs. 41(7):603\u2013621, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.12871.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"3997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.699891","author":"P Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, P., J. Huo, W. Dai, et al. On the optimization of a centrifugal maglev blood pump through design variations. Front. Physiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.699891.","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"3997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02140-w","volume":"47","author":"PA Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith, P. A., Y. Wang, S. A. Bieritz, et al. Design method using statistical models for miniature left ventricular assist device hydraulics. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47(1):126\u2013137, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-018-02140-w.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"3997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175989","volume":"2020","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y., S. Karnik, P. A. Smith, et al. Numerical and experimental approach to characterize a BLDC motor with different radial-gap to improve hemocompatibility performance. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2020:2662\u20132666, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175989.","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"3997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00629.x","volume":"32","author":"A Hilton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hilton, A., and G. Tansley. Magnetic drive system for a new centrifugal rotary blood pump. Artif. Organs. 32(10):772\u2013777, 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00629.x.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33708-9","volume":"13","author":"L Nissim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nissim, L., S. Karnik, P. A. Smith, et al. Machine learning based on computational fluid dynamics enables geometric design optimisation of the NeoVAD blades. Sci. Rep. 13(1):7183, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-33708-9.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"3997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000419","volume":"38","author":"Z Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, Z., M. Yang, X. Wang, et al. Multi-objective optimization of pulsatile ventricular assist device hemocompatibility based on neural networks and a genetic algorithm. Int. J. Artif. Organs. 38(6):325\u2013336, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ijao.5000419.","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2011.01225.x","volume":"35","author":"PS Malchesky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malchesky, P. S. Artificial organs 2010: a year in review. Artif. Organs. 35(3):316\u2013350, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2011.01225.x.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"3997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1201\/b15836","volume-title":"Fluid Machinery: Application, Selection, and Design","author":"T Wright","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wright, T., and P. Gerhart. Fluid Machinery: Application, Selection, and Design, 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley, pp. 1\u2013439, 2009.","edition":"2"},{"key":"3997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2019.8913079","volume-title":"2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","author":"G Burnand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burnand, G., and Y. Perriard. Very-high-speed miniaturized permanent magnet motors: modeling and experimental validation. In: 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, 2019, pp. 5251\u20135257."},{"issue":"1","key":"3997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(88)90007-6","volume":"24","author":"YY Haimes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Haimes, Y. Y., and D. Li. Hierarchical multiobjective analysis for large-scale systems: review and current status. Automatica. 24(1):53\u201369, 1988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-1098(88)90007-6.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/03052158808940956","volume":"13","author":"S Azarm","year":"1988","unstructured":"Azarm, S., and W.-C. Li. A two-level decomposition method for design optimization. Eng. Optim. 13(3):211\u2013224, 1988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03052158808940956.","journal-title":"Eng. Optim."},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1582501","volume":"125","author":"HM Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, H. M., N. F. Michelena, P. Y. Papalambros, et al. Target cascading in optimal system design. J. Mech. Design. 125(3):474\u2013480, 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.1582501.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Design"},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1586308","volume":"125","author":"HM Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, H. M., D. G. Rideout, P. Y. Papalambros, et al. Analytical target cascading in automotive vehicle design. J. Mech. Design. 125(3):481\u2013489, 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.1586308.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Design"},{"key":"3997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4001346","author":"S Tosserams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tosserams, S., M. Kokkolaras, L. F. P. Etman, et al. A nonhierarchical formulation of analytical target cascading. J. Mech. Design. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4001346.","journal-title":"J. Mech. Design"},{"issue":"11","key":"3997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-022-03414-7","volume":"65","author":"NA Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan, N. A., M. Sulaiman, and F. S. Alshammari. Analysis of heat transmission in convective, radiative and moving rod with thermal conductivity using meta-heuristic-driven soft computing technique. Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 65(11):317, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00158-022-03414-7.","journal-title":"Struct. Multidiscip. Optim."},{"key":"3997_CR23","volume-title":"44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit","author":"J Allison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Allison, J., D. Walsh, M. Kokkolaras, et al. Analytical target cascading in aircraft design. In: 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,AIAA, 2006."},{"issue":"4","key":"3997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-021-03021-y","volume":"64","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Q. Zhai, Z. Song, et al. A general integrated procedure for uncertainty-based design optimization of multilevel systems by hierarchical decomposition framework. Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 64(4):2669\u20132686, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00158-021-03021-y.","journal-title":"Struct. Multidiscip. Optim."},{"issue":"6","key":"3997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-017-1726-0","volume":"56","author":"B Talgorn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Talgorn, B., and M. Kokkolaras. Compact implementation of non-hierarchical analytical target cascading for coordinating distributed multidisciplinary design optimization problems. Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 56(6):1597\u20131602, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00158-017-1726-0.","journal-title":"Struct. Multidiscip. Optim."},{"issue":"5","key":"3997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E76","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13366","volume":"43","author":"B Ghadimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghadimi, B., A. Nejat, S. A. Nourbakhsh, et al. Multi-objective genetic algorithm assisted by an artificial neural network metamodel for shape optimization of a centrifugal blood pump. Artif. Organs. 43(5):E76\u2013E93, 2019.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0391398817752291","volume":"41","author":"PA Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith, P. A., Y. Wang, R. W. Metcalfe, et al. Preliminary design of the internal geometry in a minimally invasive left ventricular assist device under pulsatile-flow conditions. Int. J. Artif. Organs. 41(3):144\u2013151, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0391398817752291.","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3997_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2006.00230.x","volume":"30","author":"M Triep","year":"2006","unstructured":"Triep, M., C. Br\u00fccker, W. Schr\u00f6der, et al. Computational fluid dynamics and digital particle image velocimetry study of the flow through an optimized micro-axial blood pump. Artif. Organs. 30(5):384\u2013391, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2006.00230.x.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2001.025005414.x","volume":"25","author":"T Siess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siess, T., C. Nix, and F. Menzler. From a lab type to a product: a retrospective view on Impella\u2019s assist technology. Artif. Organs. 25(5):414\u2013421, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2001.025005414.x.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2956717","volume":"56","author":"G Burnand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burnand, G., A. Thabuis, D. M. Araujo, et al. Novel optimized shape and topology for slotless windings in BLDC machines. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 56(2):1275\u20131283, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIA.2019.2956717.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"3997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2017.05.010","volume":"106","author":"SS Garud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garud, S. S., I. A. Karimi, and M. Kraft. Design of computer experiments: a review. Comput. Chem. Eng. 106:71\u201395, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2017.05.010.","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"3997_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab015","volume":"10","author":"A Chieffo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chieffo, A., D. Dudek, C. Hassager, et al. Joint EAPCI\/ACVC expert consensus document on percutaneous ventricular assist devices. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 10(5):570\u2013583, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab015.","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"3997_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.036","volume":"65","author":"CS Rihal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rihal, C. S., S. S. Naidu, M. M. Givertz, et al. 2015 SCAI\/ACC\/HFSA\/STS clinical expert consensus statement on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiovascular care: endorsed by the American Heart Assocation, the Cardiological Society of India, and Sociedad Latino Americana de Cardiologia Intervencion; affirmation of value by the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology-Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d\u2019intervention. J. Am. College Cardiol. 65(19):e7\u2013e26, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.036.","journal-title":"J. Am. College Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"3997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","volume":"6","author":"K Deb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deb, K., A. Pratap, S. Agarwal, et al. A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6(2):182\u2013197, 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4235.996017.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"3997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007092","author":"KH Fraser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fraser, K. H., T. Zhang, M. E. Taskin, et al. A quantitative comparison of mechanical blood damage parameters in rotary ventricular assist devices: shear stress, exposure time and hemolysis index. J. Biomech. Eng. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4007092.","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"3997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300507","volume":"13","author":"M Giersiepen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Giersiepen, M., L. J. Wurzinger, R. Opitz, et al. Estimation of shear stress-related blood damage in heart valve prostheses\u2014in vitro comparison of 25 aortic valves. Int. J. Artif. Organs. 13(5):300\u2013306, 1990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/039139889001300507.","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"9","key":"3997_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12459","volume":"39","author":"J Ding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ding, J., S. Niu, Z. Chen, et al. Shear-induced hemolysis: species differences. Artif. Organs. 39(9):795\u2013802, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.12459.","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"12","key":"3997_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002237","volume":"70","author":"A Escher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Escher, A., S. Miric, B. Thamsen, et al. Multiobjective optimization of rotodynamic blood pumps: the use case of a cavopulmonary assist device. ASAIO J. 70(12):1074\u20131084, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002237.","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"1","key":"3997_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2112-z","volume":"22","author":"E Peters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peters, E., M. Antonelli, X. Wittebole, et al. A worldwide multicentre evaluation of the influence of deterioration or improvement of acute kidney injury on clinical outcome in critically ill patients with and without sepsis at ICU admission: results from the intensive care over nations audit. Crit. Care. 22(1):188, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-018-2112-z.","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"3997_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.24","volume":"77","author":"IC Vermeulen Windsant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vermeulen Windsant, I. C., M. G. Snoeijs, S. J. Hanssen, et al. Hemolysis is associated with acute kidney injury during major aortic surgery. Kidney Int. 77(10):913\u2013920, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.24.","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"32","key":"3997_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26630","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.341255","volume":"287","author":"S Dey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dey, S., S. Bindu, M. Goyal, et al. Impact of intravascular hemolysis in malaria on liver dysfunction: involvement of hepatic free heme overload, NF-\u03baB activation, and neutrophil infiltration. J. Biol. Chem. 287(32):26630\u201326646, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112.341255.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:42:20Z","timestamp":1787838140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-026-03997-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal in-vivo tests discussed in the section of discussion are conducted following the Guide for the Registration and Review of Animal Testing and Research of Medical Devices (\n                      \n                      ). The Medical Institutional Review Board of Tsinghua University approved all conditions for animal surgery and care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}