{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:05:32Z","timestamp":1782936332932,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15NS087447-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15NS087447-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T19:58:30Z","timestamp":1774727910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Method for Quantifying Contributions from Individual Muscles to Tremor: A Methodological Feasibility Study of Wrist Tremor"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0515-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nolan H.","family":"Howes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1212\/con.0000000000000748","volume":"25","author":"ED Louis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Louis, E. D. Tremor. Continuum. 25(4):959\u2013975, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/con.0000000000000748.","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"4094_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.7916\/d8tt4p4b","volume":"4","author":"ED Louis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Louis, E. D., and R. Ottman. How many people in the USA have essential tremor? Deriving a population estimate based on epidemiological data. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 4:259, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/d8tt4p4b.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","volume":"33","author":"KP Bhatia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhatia, K. P., et al. Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors: from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord. 33(1):75\u201387, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27121.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-009-0041-6","volume":"9","author":"RJ Elble","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elble, R. J., and G. Deuschl. An update on essential tremor. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 9(4):273\u2013277, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0041-6.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"4094_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1212\/01.Wnl.0000163769.28552.Cd","volume":"64","author":"TA Zesiewicz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zesiewicz, T. A., et al. Practice parameter: therapies for essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 64(12):2008\u20132020, 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.Wnl.0000163769.28552.Cd.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000509","volume":"45","author":"ED Louis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Louis, E. D. The pharmacotherapeutic landscape for Essential Tremor: quantifying the level of unmet need from a patient and epidemiologic perspective. Clin Neuropharmacol. 45(4):99\u2013104, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000509.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"4094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4485","volume":"366","author":"V Shanker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shanker, V. Essential tremor: diagnosis and management. Bmj. 366:l4485, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4485.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12185","volume":"2","author":"M Kestenbaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kestenbaum, M., B. Ford, and E. D. Louis. Estimating the proportion of essential tremor and Parkinson\u2019s disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery: five-year data from Columbia University Medical Center (2009\u20132014). Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2(4):384\u2013387, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12185.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"4094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.7916\/d87080m9","volume":"5","author":"ED Louis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Louis, E. D., B. Rohl, and C. Rice. Defining the treatment gap: what essential tremor patients want that they are not getting. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 5:331, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/d87080m9.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"issue":"2","key":"4094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7302205120p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2019.030759","volume":"73","author":"J Sabari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabari, J., D. G. Stefanov, J. Chan, L. Goed, and J. Starr. Adapted feeding utensils for people with Parkinson\u2019s-related or Essential Tremor. Am J Occup Ther. 73(2):7302205120p1-7302205120p9, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.030759.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0543-7","volume":"16","author":"NP Fromme","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fromme, N. P., M. Camenzind, R. Riener, and R. M. Rossi. Need for mechanically and ergonomically enhanced tremor-suppression orthoses for the upper limb: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 16(1):93, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12984-019-0543-7.","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.11.018","volume":"122","author":"BG Lapatki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lapatki, B. G., J. P. van Dijk, B. P. van de Warrenburg, and M. J. Zwarts. Botulinum toxin has an increased effect when targeted toward the muscle\u2019s endplate zone: a high-density surface EMG guided study. Clin Neurophysiol. 122(8):1611\u20131616, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.11.018.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4094_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2014.2328296","volume":"23","author":"S Dosen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dosen, S., et al. Online tremor suppression using electromyography and low-level electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 23(3):385\u2013395, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsre.2014.2328296.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"4094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3150301","volume":"27","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., B. Chu, Y. Liu, Z. Li, and D. H. Owens. Multimuscle functional-electrical-stimulation-based wrist tremor suppression using repetitive control. IEEE\/ASME Trans Mechatron. 27(5):3988\u20133998, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3150301.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans Mechatron"},{"key":"4094_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.59","volume":"10","author":"SH Isaacson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Isaacson, S. H., et al. Prospective home-use study on non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for Essential Tremor. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 10:29, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.59.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.260","volume":"45","author":"O Samotus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samotus, O., N. Kumar, P. Rizek, and M. Jog. Botulinum toxin type A injections as monotherapy for upper limb Essential Tremor using kinematics. Can J Neurol Sci. 45(1):11\u201322, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2017.260.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178670","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178670","volume":"12","author":"O Samotus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samotus, O., J. Lee, and M. Jog. Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type A injections. PLoS One. 12(6):e0178670, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178670.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"4094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153739","volume":"11","author":"O Samotus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samotus, O., F. Rahimi, J. Lee, and M. Jog. Functional ability improved in Essential Tremor by IncobotulinumtoxinA injections using kinematically determined biomechanical patterns\u2014a new future. PLoS One. 11(4):e0153739, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153739.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0810011","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043442","volume":"141","author":"TH Corie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corie, T. H., and S. K. Charles. Simulated tremor propagation in the upper limb: from muscle activity to joint displacement. J Biomech Eng. 141(8):0810011\u201308100117, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4043442.","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"4094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.949","volume":"15","author":"SA Baker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baker, S. A., L. J. Beutler, D. B. Free, D. Farina, and S. K. Charles. Potential of individual upper-limb muscles to contribute to postural tremor: simulations from neural drive to joint rotation. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 15:7, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.949.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"4094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032428","volume-title":"Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics)","author":"J Bendat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bendat, J., and A. Peirsol. Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics), 4th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2010.","edition":"4"},{"key":"4094_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.107522","volume":"104","author":"NH Howes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Howes, N. H., M. S. Allen, D. Farina, and S. K. Charles. A generalized coherence framework for quantifying input contributions in multi-input systems with correlated or uncorrelated inputs. Biomed Sign Process Control. 104:107522, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.107522.","journal-title":"Biomed Sign Process Control"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"4094_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh237","volume":"127","author":"MM Sturman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sturman, M. M., D. E. Vaillancourt, L. V. Metman, R. A. Bakay, and D. M. Corcos. Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation and medication on resting and postural tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 127(Pt 9):2131\u20132143, 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh237.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"4094_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01218.2004","volume":"93","author":"MM Sturman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sturman, M. M., D. E. Vaillancourt, and D. M. Corcos. Effects of aging on the regularity of physiological tremor. J Neurophysiol. 93(6):3064\u20133074, 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.01218.2004.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21518","volume":"22","author":"MM Sturman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sturman, M. M., D. E. Vaillancourt, L. V. Metman, D. K. Sierens, R. A. Bakay, and D. M. Corcos. Deep brain stimulation and medication for parkinsonian tremor during secondary tasks. Mov Disord. 22(8):1157\u20131163, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21518.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"4094_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-2457(00)00467-3","volume":"111","author":"DE Vaillancourt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vaillancourt, D. E., and K. M. Newell. The dynamics of resting and postural tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 111(11):2046\u20132056, 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1388-2457(00)00467-3.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4094_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000086371.78447.d2","volume":"61","author":"DE Vaillancourt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vaillancourt, D. E., M. M. Sturman, L. Verhagen Metman, R. A. Bakay, and D. M. Corcos. Deep brain stimulation of the VIM thalamic nucleus modifies several features of essential tremor. Neurology. 61(7):919\u2013925, 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000086371.78447.d2.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4094_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.012","volume":"120","author":"ME H\u00e9roux","year":"2009","unstructured":"H\u00e9roux, M. E., G. Pari, and K. E. Norman. The effect of inertial loading on wrist postural tremor in essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 120(5):1020\u20131029, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.012.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4094_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.015","volume":"121","author":"ME H\u00e9roux","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00e9roux, M. E., G. Pari, and K. E. Norman. The effect of contraction intensity on force fluctuations and motor unit entrainment in individuals with essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 121(2):233\u2013239, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.015.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.10.050","volume":"122","author":"ME H\u00e9roux","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00e9roux, M. E., G. Pari, and K. E. Norman. The effect of inertial loading on wrist kinetic tremor and rhythmic muscle activity in individuals with essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 122(9):1794\u20131801, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.10.050.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00407.2023","volume":"136","author":"DB Free","year":"2024","unstructured":"Free, D. B., et al. \u201cHand and distal joint tremor are most coherent with the activity of elbow flexors and wrist extensors in persons with essential tremor. J Appl Physiol (1985). 136(2):337\u2013348, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00407.2023.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00398.2022","volume":"129","author":"DB Free","year":"2023","unstructured":"Free, D. B., et al. Essential Tremor accentuates the pattern of tremor-band coherence between upper-limb muscles. J Neurophysiol. 129(3):524\u2013540, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00398.2022.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17830","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17830","volume":"5","author":"TW Boonstra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boonstra, T. W., A. Danna-Dos-Santos, H. B. Xie, M. Roerdink, J. F. Stins, and M. Breakspear. Muscle networks: connectivity analysis of EMG activity during postural control. Sci Rep. 5:17830, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep17830.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1<84::aid-mds1014>3.0.co;2-k","volume":"15","author":"J Raethjen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raethjen, J., M. Lindemann, H. Schmaljohann, R. Wenzelburger, G. Pfister, and G. Deuschl. Multiple oscillators are causing parkinsonian and essential tremor. Mov Disord. 15(1):84\u201394, 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1%3c84::aid-mds1014%3e3.0.co;2-k.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"4094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.10.157","volume":"126","author":"AM van der Stouwe","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Stouwe, A. M., B. A. Conway, J. W. Elting, M. A. Tijssen, and N. M. Maurits. Usefulness of intermuscular coherence and cumulant analysis in the diagnosis of postural tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 126(8):1564\u20131569, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.10.157.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4094_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25162","volume":"27","author":"R Elble","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elble, R., et al. Reliability of a new scale for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 27(12):1567\u20131569, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25162.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"4094_CR37","volume-title":"Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain","author":"F Kendall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kendall, F., E. McCreary, P. Provance, M. Rodgers, and W. Romani. Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain, 5th ed. Batlimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005.","edition":"5"},{"key":"4094_CR38","volume-title":"Surface Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering, and Applications (IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering)","author":"R Merletti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merletti, R., and D. Farina. Surface Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering, and Applications (IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2016."},{"key":"4094_CR39","volume-title":"Detection of Signals in Noise","author":"R McDonough","year":"1995","unstructured":"McDonough, R., and A. Whalen. Detection of Signals in Noise, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"7","key":"4094_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx104","volume":"140","author":"L di Biase","year":"2017","unstructured":"di Biase, L., et al. Tremor stability index: a new tool for differential diagnosis in tremor syndromes. Brain. 140(7):1977\u20131986, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx104.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4094_CR41","first-page":"3","volume":"4","author":"S Price","year":"1986","unstructured":"Price, S., and R. Bernhard. Virtual coherence: A digital signal processing technique for incoherent source identification. Proceedings of IMAC. 4:3\u20136, 1986.","journal-title":"Proceedings of IMAC"},{"key":"4094_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9110365","author":"E Zakin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zakin, E., and D. Simpson. Botulinum toxin in management of limb tremor. Toxins (Basel). 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins9110365.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"4094_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.01.023","volume":"63","author":"SO Mittal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittal, S. O., A. Lenka, and J. Jankovic. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 63:31\u201341, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.01.023.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"4094_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.08.010","volume":"131","author":"AC Pigg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pigg, A. C., et al. Distribution of tremor among the major degrees of freedom of the upper limb in subjects with Essential Tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 131(11):2700\u20132712, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.08.010.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"S3","key":"4094_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870131314","volume":"13","author":"S Spieker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spieker, S., A. Boose, S. Breit, and J. Dichgans. Long-term measurement of tremor. Mov Disord. 13(S3):81\u201384, 1998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870131314.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"4094_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28797","volume":"36","author":"A Quattrone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quattrone, A., et al. Rest tremor pattern predicts DaTscan ((123) I-Ioflupane) result in tremulous disorders. Mov Disord. 36(12):2964\u20132966, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28797.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"4094_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.7916\/d8bp0270","volume":"5","author":"F Rahimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rahimi, F., O. Samotus, J. Lee, and M. Jog. Effective management of upper limb Parkinsonian tremor by IncobotulinumtoxinA injections using sensor-based biomechanical patterns. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 5:348, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/d8bp0270.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"4094_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.07.001","volume":"142","author":"DJ Standring","year":"2022","unstructured":"Standring, D. J., et al. Distribution of tremorogenic activity among the major superficial muscles of the upper limb in persons with Essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 142:20\u201332, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.07.001.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4094_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90215-7","volume":"22","author":"T Sinkj\u00e6r","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sinkj\u00e6r, T., and R. Hayashi. Regulation of wrist stiffness by the stretch reflex. J Biomechan. 22(11):1133\u20131140, 1989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90215-7.","journal-title":"J Biomechan"}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:19:55Z","timestamp":1782929995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["4094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04094-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Brigham Young University\u2019s Institutional Review Board in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects according to procedures approved by Brigham Young University\u2019s Institutional Review Board in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}}]}}