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Therefore, this study tested the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with fluorine-18 (\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for in vivo detection of peripheral angioplasty-induced arterial remodeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Yorkshire pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) underwent fluoroscopy-guided overdilation of the right femoral artery using a balloon catheter inflated 1.25\u20131.85X the arterial diameter.\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT imaging was performed 14\u00a0days post-angioplasty. Injured and control arteries were harvested immediately after imaging and sectioned for gamma counting (\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG uptake) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), alpha-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), and CD64 for evaluation of arterial thickness, smooth muscle cell area, and macrophage infiltration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In vivo PET\/CT imaging detected a significant increase in\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG uptake in injured versus control femoral arteries 14\u00a0days post-angioplasty (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) that was confirmed by ex vivo gamma counting of vessels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Ex vivo gamma counting of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG uptake demonstrated a significant association with in vivo\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG uptake measured by PET\/CT imaging (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Image analysis for H&amp;E, \u03b1-SMA, and CD64 revealed significant relative increases in vessel wall thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), smooth muscle cell area (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001), and CD64 area (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) that were each significantly associated with ex vivo measures of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG uptake.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT quantifies remodeling characteristics associated with angioplasty-induced injury, thereby providing a potential in vivo paradigm for monitoring and testing of emerging devices for PAD treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04141-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:52:54Z","timestamp":1776099174000},"page":"4005-4013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Molecular Imaging Strategy for In Vivo Monitoring of Vascular Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Femoral Artery Overdilation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Nabavinia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Jayaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor T.","family":"Rimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumudha Narayana","family":"Musini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrin R.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Mevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchel R.","family":"Stacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4141_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001005","volume":"144","author":"MH Criqui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Criqui, M. 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