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As this represents a novel implant design, only a few studies have investigated it so far, particularly with respect to human cadaveric specimens and in vivo patient-specific cases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biphasic behavior using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo methodologies concerning stress distributions under realistic boundary conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test this, an implantable in vivo strain measurement system (\u201cFracture Monitor,\u201d AO Foundation, Davos Switzerland) and a camera system are employed for experimental data acquisition, while patient monitoring captures actual boundary conditions during daily activities. Finite element simulations are performed on patient-specific 3D models generated from computed tomography imaging, allowing for detailed stress analysis. These simulations are validated through experiments on human cadaveric specimens in a custom-designed test rig by investigating the specific behavior of the biphasic plate with its two different modes (rigid and flexible).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under axial loading, the stresses are distributed centrally; while in patient-specific cases, the stress pattern changes markedly, with maximum stresses concentrating along the lateral side of the plate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By the chosen biomechanical testing setup, the in silico simulations could be validated, demonstrating the ability to accurately replicate the postulated motion sequence of the biphasic plate. This iteration emphasizes both validation and reproducibility as the key outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04357-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:00:58Z","timestamp":1788357658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Study of the Distal Femur Biphasic Plate: Exploring In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Annchristin","family":"Andres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6940-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Wickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Orth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Histing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Diebels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Pohlemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4357_CR1","first-page":"31","volume":"125","author":"SM Perren","year":"1969","unstructured":"Perren, S. 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TP is also the spokesman of the medical advisory board of the German Ministry of Defense. TP and Saarland University hold parts of the Biphasic Plate Patent (EP3331462B1). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted without commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethics committee of Saarland Medical Board has approved the present study using human cadaveric specimens (Aerztekammer des Saarlandes, Germany, application number 195\/24). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The human samples used in this study were acquired from Samples obtained from body donations at Saarland University. Written informed consent for participation was not required from the participants or the participants\u2019 legal guardians\/next of kin in accordance with the national legislation and institutional requirements. The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article. The study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committees of the University of Tuebingen (Protocol codes 317\/2022BO2).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}