{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:00:16Z","timestamp":1790258416329,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1946202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1946202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Biomed Eng"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work investigates the role of morphology and elasticity on cancer cell deformation under shear flow in a microchannel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A novel hybrid continuum-particle framework is developed to simulate cancer cell dynamics. Cell membrane and nucleus geometries are reconstructed from microscopic images and modeled using dissipative particle dynamics, while the surrounding blood plasma is treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. Cell\u2013flow interactions are captured via an immersed boundary method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cancer cell models exhibited a rapid deformation response within the first 1\u20132\u00a0ms, followed by morphology- and stiffness-dependent shape evolution. The compact morphologies showed strong recovery, whereas the other models evolved toward folded\/lobed states with only intermittent partial recovery during shape transitions. Membrane stiffening dominated elongation and compactness loss, while nuclear stiffening modulated deformation excursions and partial recovery. These shape transitions were accompanied by near-field vortex reorganization and traction localization. Similar to deformation response, the net membrane force exhibited a common start-up rise within 0\u20130.5 ms followed by relaxation. Compact morphologies produce lower and steadier forces. They show minimal stiffness dependence. Deformation-prone morphologies show stronger unsteadiness and clearer stiffness modulation. Cross-sectional velocity and vorticity fields showed a dominant hydrodynamic imbalance and lateral migration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that morphology sets the stiffness-modulated deformation patterns which affects the extracellular flow dynamics and traction. In turn, the resulting flow field and traction distribution feedback to influence subsequent deformation and migration. This mechanistic link provides a framework for interpreting circulating tumor cell transport in shear-dominated metastatic environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:11:43Z","timestamp":1790255503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impacts of Morphology and Elasticity on Cancer Cell Deformation in Shear Flows"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Meraj","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahcen","family":"Akerkouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Vanyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Haage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trung Bao","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-021-01452-6","volume":"20","author":"D Puleri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Puleri, D., P. Balogh, and A. Randles. Computational models of cancer cell transport through the microcirculation. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 20:1209\u20131230, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01452-6.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"4363_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x","volume":"5","author":"J Fares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fares, J., M. Y. Fares, H. H. Khachfe, H. A. Salhab, and Y. Fares. Molecular principles of metastasis: a hallmark of cancer revisited. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 5:28, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2017.12.002","volume":"4","author":"ME Katt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katt, M. E., A. D. Wong, and P. C. Searson. Dissemination from a solid tumor: examining the multiple parallel pathways. Trends Cancer. 4(1):20\u201337, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2017.12.002.","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"4363_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94445-5","volume":"11","author":"P Balogh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balogh, P., J. Gounley, S. Roychowdhury, and A. Randles. A data-driven approach to modeling cancer cell mechanics during microcirculatory transport. Sci. Rep. 11:15232, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-94445-5.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"4363_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00817-8","volume":"6","author":"D Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, D., L. Shen, M. Luo, W. Zhu, and J. Li. Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6:404, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00817-8.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"4363_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.944487","volume":"12","author":"Q Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Q., J. Zou, Y. He, Y. Pan, G. Yang, H. Zhao, Y. Huang, Y. Zhao, A. Wang, W. Chen, and Y. Lu. A narrative review of circulating tumor cells clusters: A key morphology of cancer cells in circulation promote hematogenous metastasis. Front. Oncol.12:944487, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.944487.","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"4363_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00781-y","volume":"20","author":"R Lawrence","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lawrence, R., M. Watters, C. R. Davies, K. Pantel, and Y. J. Lu. Circulating tumour cells for early detection of clinically relevant cancer. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 20(7):487\u2013500, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-023-00781-y.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-022-00403-2","volume":"10","author":"S Ju","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ju, S., C. Chen, J. Zhang, L. Xu, X. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Chen, J. Zhou, F. Ji, and L. Wang. Detection of circulating tumor cells: opportunities and challenges. Biomarker Res. 10(1):58, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40364-022-00403-2.","journal-title":"Biomarker Res."},{"key":"4363_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104237","author":"Z Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng, Z., S. Wu, Y. Wang, and D. Shi. Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EBioMedicine. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104237.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"20","key":"4363_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191361398","volume":"98","author":"W Xu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu, W., M. Jericho, I. Meinertzhagen, and H. Kreuzer. Digital in-line holography for biological applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98(20):11301\u201311305, 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.191361398.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"4363_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1039\/d3sd00302g","volume":"3","author":"SM Abusamra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abusamra, S. M., R. Barber, M. Sharafeldin, C. M. Edwards, and J. J. Davis. The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells. Sens. Diagn. 3:562\u2013584, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3sd00302g.","journal-title":"Sens. Diagn."},{"issue":"6","key":"4363_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.5195","volume":"3","author":"B Hong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong, B., and Y. Zu. Detecting circulating tumor cells: current challenges and new trends. Theranostics. 3(6):377\u2013394, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.5195.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4363_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81577-1","volume":"61","author":"D Needham","year":"1992","unstructured":"Needham, D., and R. M. Hochmuth. A sensitive measure of surface stress in the resting neutrophil. Biophys. J. 61(6):1664\u20131670, 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81577-1.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"4363_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00846","volume":"9","author":"Z Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo, Z., C. Wang, J. Yi, J. Chen, J. Li, and Y. Pang. Multiscale computational models for predicting circulating tumor cell adhesion. Front. Physiol. 9:846, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00846.","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"4363_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51083-w","volume":"9","author":"N Takeishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takeishi, N., Y. Imai, and S. Wada. Numerical simulation of cancer cell transit through a microvessel. Sci. Rep. 9:14532, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51083-w.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-020-00656-7","volume":"13","author":"M Pepona","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pepona, M., P. Balogh, D. Puleri, W. Hynes, C. Robertson, K. Dubbin, J. Alvarado, M. Moya, and A. Randles. Investigating the interaction between circulating tumor cells and local hydrodynamics via experiment and simulations. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 13(5):527\u2013540, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12195-020-00656-7.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"10","key":"4363_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C792","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00346.2014","volume":"308","author":"M King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King, M., K. Phillips, and S. Mitragotri. A physical sciences network characterization of circulating tumor cell aggregate transport. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 308(10):C792\u2013C802, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00346.2014.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.018","volume":"12","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, M., J. Whisler, J. Froose, C. Yu, Y. Shin, and R. Kamm. On-chip human microvasculature assay for visualization and quantification of tumor cell extravasation dynamics. Nat Protocols. 12(5):865\u2013880, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2017.018.","journal-title":"Nat Protocols"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-020-01380-x","volume":"20","author":"J Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui, J., Y. Liu, L. Xiao, S. Chen, and B. Fu. Numerical study on the adhesion of a circulating tumor cell in a curved microvessel. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 20(1):243\u2013254, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-020-01380-x.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"4363_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3390\/fluids6040139","volume":"6","author":"L Akerkouch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akerkouch, L., and T. Le. A hybrid continuum-particle approach for fluid-structure interaction simulation of red blood cells in fluid flows. Fluids. 6(4):139, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fluids6040139.","journal-title":"Fluids"},{"key":"4363_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5091999","author":"A Rahmat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahmat, A., M. Barigou, and A. Alexiadis. Deformation and rupture of compound cells under shear: a discrete multiphysics study. Phys. Fluids. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5091999.","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"4363_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2023.298","author":"RX Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, R. X., Z. Y. Guo, P. Yu, and Y. Sui. Transient deformation of a viscoelastic capsule in a cross-slot microchannel: effects of inertia and membrane viscosity. J. Fluid Mech. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jfm.2023.298.","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"2","key":"4363_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-024-01920-9","volume":"24","author":"R Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, R., J. Li, Z. Guo, Z. Wang, J. J. Feng, and Y. Sui. Transient flow-induced deformation of cancer cells in microchannels: a general computational model and experiments. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 24(2):489\u2013506, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01920-9.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"4363_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24906","volume":"105","author":"R Wenta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wenta, R., J. Richert, A. Muchli\u0144ska, E. Senkus, G. Suchodolska, S. \u0141api\u0144ska-Szumczyk, P. Dom\u017calski, et al. Measurable morphological features of single circulating tumor cells in selected solid tumors\u2014a pilot study. Cytometry A. 105(12):883\u2013892, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.24906.","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"issue":"18","key":"4363_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.45897","volume":"11","author":"S Kwon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwon, S., W. Yang, D. Moon, and K. S. Kim. Comparison of cancer cell elasticity by cell type. J. Cancer. 11(18):5403, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/jca.45897.","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"4363_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.200747","volume":"7","author":"AS Kashani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kashani, A. S., and M. Packirisamy. Cancer cells optimize elasticity for efficient migration. Roy. Soc. Open Sci.7(10):200747, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.200747.","journal-title":"Roy. Soc. Open Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"4363_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-020-00610-7","volume":"13","author":"M Dabagh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dabagh, M., J. Gounley, and A. Randles. Localization of rolling and firm-adhesive interactions between circulating tumor cells and the microvasculature wall. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 13(2):141\u2013154, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12195-020-00610-7.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"9","key":"4363_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.098","volume":"25","author":"A Haage","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haage, A., K. Goodwin, A. Whitewood, D. Camp, A. Bogutz, C. Turner, D. Granville, L. Lefebvre, S. Plotnikov, B. Goult, and G. Tanentzapf. Talin autoinhibition regulates cell-ECM adhesion dynamics and wound healing in vivo. Cell Rep. 25(9):2401\u20132416, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.098.","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"4363_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.02.002","volume":"98","author":"D Fedosov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fedosov, D., B. Caswell, and G. Karniadakis. A multiscale red blood cell model with accurate mechanics, rheology, and dynamics. Biophys. J. 98(10):2215\u20132225, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.02.002.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"4363_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-9930-8","volume":"38","author":"Y Ujihara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ujihara, Y., M. Nakamura, H. Miyazaki, and S. Wada. Proposed spring network cell model based on a minimum energy concept. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 38:1530\u20131538, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-010-9930-8.","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"4363_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.57.2930","volume":"57","author":"P Espanol","year":"1998","unstructured":"Espanol, P. Fluid particle model. Phys. Rev. E. 57:2930\u20132948, 1998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.57.2930.","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"4363_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2005.08.020","volume":"26","author":"M Dao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dao, M., L. J, and S. Suresh. Molecularly based analysis of deformation of spectrin network and human erythrocyte. Mater. Sci. Eng., C. 26:1232\u20131244, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2005.08.020.","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"4363_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1973-11-1209","volume":"28","author":"W Helfrich","year":"1973","unstructured":"Helfrich, W. Elastic properties of lipid bilayers: theory and possible experiments. Z Naturforschung C. 28:693\u2013703, 1973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/znc-1973-11-1209.","journal-title":"Z Naturforschung C"},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.047332","volume":"88","author":"J Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, J., M. Dao, C. Lim, and S. Suresh. Spectrin-level modeling of the cytoskeleton and optical tweezers stretching of the erythrocyte. Biophys. J. 88(5):3707\u20133719, 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1529\/biophysj.104.047332.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"16","key":"4363_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1080\/08927022.2024.2406950","volume":"50","author":"L Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, L., L. Xiao, C. Lin, P. Wei, and J. Cui. Effects of flowing red blood cells on the motion of a circulating tumour cell in the asymmetric bifurcated microvessel. Mol. Simul. 50(16):1398\u20131410, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08927022.2024.2406950.","journal-title":"Mol. Simul."},{"issue":"11","key":"4363_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.04.016","volume":"118","author":"Y Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang, Y., H. Gong, R. Yang, K. W. Lai, and M. Quan. An active biomechanical model of cell adhesion actuated by intracellular tensioning-taxis. Biophys. J. 118(11):2656\u20132669, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.04.016.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"4363_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fedosov, D., B. Caswell, and G. Karniadakis. Dissipative particle dynamics modeling. Computational hydrodynamics of capsules and biological cells. p. 183. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/EBK1439820056.","DOI":"10.1201\/EBK1439820056"},{"issue":"2","key":"4363_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2007.02.017","volume":"225","author":"L Ge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ge, L., and F. Sotiropoulos. A numerical method for solving the 3d unsteady incompressible Navier\u2013Stokes equations in curvilinear domains with complex immersed boundaries. J. Comput. Phys. 225(2):1782, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2007.02.017.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"4363_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002702","volume":"132","author":"T Le","year":"2010","unstructured":"Le, T., I. Borazjani, and F. Sotiropoulos. Pulsatile flow effects on the hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms. J. Biomech. Eng.132(11):111009, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4002702.","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"4363_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2012.01.013","volume":"35","author":"T Le","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le, T., and F. Sotiropoulos. On the three-dimensional vortical structure of early diastolic flow in a patient-specific left ventricle. Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids. 35:20\u201324, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2012.01.013.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-018-0003-7","volume":"102","author":"T Le","year":"2019","unstructured":"Le, T., M. Elbaz, R. V. D. Geest, and F. Sotiropoulos. High resolution simulation of diastolic left ventricular hemodynamics guided by four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging data. Flow Turbul. Combust. 102(1):3\u201326, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10494-018-0003-7.","journal-title":"Flow Turbul. Combust."},{"key":"4363_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2020.102968.","volume":"95","author":"T Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le, T., A. Christenson, T. Calderer, H. Stolarski, and F. Sotiropoulos. A thin-walled composite beam model for light-weighted structures interacting with fluids. J. Fluids Struct.95:102968, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2020.102968.http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0889974619302336","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"4363_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31924-2","volume":"8","author":"AA Kalinin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalinin, A. A., A. Allyn-Feuer, A. Ade, et al. 3d shape modeling for cell nuclear morphological analysis and classification. Sci. Rep. 8:13658, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-31924-2.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"4363_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-00432-x","author":"JM Phillip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phillip, J. M., K. S. Han, W. Chen, D. Wirtz, and P. H. Wu. A robust unsupervised machine-learning method to quantify the morphological heterogeneity of cells and nuclei. Nat. Protoc. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-020-00432-x.","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"4363_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Byrd, B., V. Krishnaswamy, J. Gui, T. Zuurbier, K. Rosenkranz, K. Paulsen, and R. B. Jr. The shape of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 183:403\u2013410, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-020-05780-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05780-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"4363_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-023-01705-6","volume":"22","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z., R. Lu, W. Wang, F. B. Tian, J. J. Feng, and Y. Sui. A computational model for the transit of a cancer cell through a constricted microchannel. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 22(4):1129\u20131143, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-023-01705-6.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"4363_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00644-7","volume":"10","author":"P Keshavarz Motamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Keshavarz Motamed, P., H. Abouali, M. Poudineh, and N. Maftoon. Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 10(7):1\u201319, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-023-00644-7.","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"4363_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.07.034","volume":"348","author":"YH Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang, Y. H., S. Kudo, X. Shao, H. Li, and G. E. Karniadakis. GPU-accelerated red blood cells simulations with transport dissipative particle dynamics. J. Comput. Phys. 348:570\u2013589, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.07.034.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"4363_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SM02272G","volume":"14","author":"A Guckenberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guckenberger, A., A. Kihm, T. John, C. Wagner, and S. Gekle. Numerical-experimental observation of shape bistability of red blood cells flowing in a microchannel. Soft Matter. 14:2032\u20132043, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7SM02272G.","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-022-01649-3","volume":"22","author":"L Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao, L., J. Chu, C. Lin, K. Zhang, S. Chen, and L. Yang. Simulation of a tumor cell flowing through a symmetric bifurcated microvessel. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 22(1):297\u2013308, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-022-01649-3.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085264","volume":"9","author":"S Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park, S., R. R. Ang, S. P. Duffy, J. Bazov, K. N. Chi, P. C. Black, and H. Ma. Morphological differences between circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients and cultured prostate cancer cells. PLoS ONE.9(1):e85264, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085264.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4363_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DMD2021-1081","volume":"84812","author":"L Akerkouch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akerkouch, L., T. Le, H. Jasuja, K. Katti, and D. Katti. High-fidelity simulation of flows in bone-like environment to investigate the growth of cancer cells. Proc. 2021 Des. Med. Devices Conf.84812:V001T03A006, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/DMD2021-1081.","journal-title":"Proc. 2021 Des. Med. Devices Conf."},{"issue":"8","key":"4363_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0278720","volume":"15","author":"L Akerkouch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akerkouch, L., and T. B. Le. Shape transitions of red blood cell under oscillatory flows in microchannels. AIP Adv.15(8):085010, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0278720.","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"4363_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2017.91","author":"J Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, J., S. Han, A. Lei, M. Miyano, J. Bloom, V. Srivastava, M. R. Stampfer, Z. J. Gartner, M. A. LaBarge, and L. L. Sohn. Characterizing cellular mechanical phenotypes with mechano-node-pore sensing. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/micronano.2017.91.","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"issue":"16","key":"4363_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00246F","volume":"24","author":"E Gasser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gasser, E., E. Su, K. Vaid\u017eiulyt\u0117, N. Abbade, H. Cognart, J. B. Manneville, J. L. Viovy, M. Piel, J. Y. Pierga, K. Terao, et al. Deformation under flow and morphological recovery of cancer cells. Lab Chip. 24(16):3930\u20133944, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4LC00246F.","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"6","key":"4363_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402715","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402715","volume":"14","author":"M Tavasso","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tavasso, M., A. D. Bordoloi, E. Tanr\u00e9, S. A. Dekker, V. Garbin, and P. E. Boukany. Linking metastatic potential and viscoelastic properties of breast cancer spheroids via dynamic compression and relaxation in microfluidics. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 14(6):2402715, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202402715.","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"4363_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-010-0123-5","volume":"3","author":"LL Norman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norman, L. L., J. Brugues, K. Sengupta, P. Sens, and H. Aranda-Espinoza. Cellular and molecular response to changes in the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 3(2):151\u2013162, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12195-010-0123-5.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"key":"4363_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.09.012","author":"Y Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, Y., et al. Mechanical point loading induces cortex stiffening and actin remodeling. Biophys. J. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.09.012.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"14","key":"4363_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E16-09-0653","volume":"28","author":"AD Stephens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stephens, A. D., E. J. Banigan, S. A. Adam, R. D. Goldman, and J. F. Marko. Chromatin and Lamin a determine two different mechanical response regimes of the cell nucleus. Mol. Biol. Cell. 28(14):1984\u20131996, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E16-09-0653.","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"4363_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.008","author":"A Elosegui-Artola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elosegui-Artola, A., I. Andreu, A. E. M. Beedle, A. Lezamiz, M. Uroz, A. J. Kosmalska, et al. Force triggers yap nuclear entry by regulating transport across nuclear pores. Cell. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.008.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4363_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SM00345D","author":"R Chojowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chojowski, R., et al. Effect of nucleus-to-cell stiffness ratio on cytoskeletal structure and stress localization. Soft Matter. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4SM00345D.","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86833-8","volume":"11","author":"BC Leop\u00e9rcio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leop\u00e9rcio, B. C., M. Michelon, and M. S. Carvalho. Deformation and rupture of microcapsules flowing through constricted capillary. Sci. Rep. 11(1):7707, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86833-8.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1140\/epje\/i2015-15049-8","volume":"38","author":"C Rorai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rorai, C., A. Touchard, L. Zhu, and L. Brandt. Motion of an elastic capsule in a constricted microchannel. Eur. Phys. J. E. 38(5):49, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epje\/i2015-15049-8.","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. E"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-020-02401-y","volume":"25","author":"A Rahmat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahmat, A., J. Meng, D. Emerson, C. Y. Wu, M. Barigou, and A. Alexiadis. A practical approach for extracting mechanical properties of microcapsules using a hybrid numerical model. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 25(1):1, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10404-020-02401-y.","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"4363_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2015.157","volume":"770","author":"L Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, L., and L. Brandt. The motion of a deforming capsule through a corner. J. Fluid Mech. 770:374\u2013397, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jfm.2015.157.","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"4","key":"4363_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.89.042709","volume":"89","author":"A Farutin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farutin, A., and C. Misbah. Symmetry breaking and cross-streamline migration of three-dimensional vesicles in an axial Poiseuille flow. Phys. Rev. E.89(4):042709, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.89.042709.","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"4363_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A30","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2021.868","volume":"929","author":"S Ebrahimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, S., and P. Bagchi. Inertial and non-inertial focusing of a deformable capsule in a curved microchannel. J. Fluid Mech. 929:A30, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jfm.2021.868.","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"7","key":"4363_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011241","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and T. G. Fai. Influence of the vessel wall geometry on the wall-induced migration of red blood cells. PLoS Comput. Biol.19(7):e1011241, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011241.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"4363_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008746","volume":"17","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y., H. Ye, Z. Shen, and Y. Li. Margination and adhesion dynamics of tumor cells in a real microvascular network. PLoS Comput. Biol.17(2):e1008746, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008746.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"4363_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-022-01595-y","author":"VM Puleri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Puleri, V. M., and A. Randles. Receptor patterns regulate transport and adhesion of circulating tumor cells under flow. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-022-01595-y.","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"4363_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2018.890","volume":"861","author":"H Ye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ye, H., Z. Shen, and Y. Li. Interplay of deformability and adhesion on localization of elastic micro-particles in blood flow. J. Fluid Mech. 861:55\u201387, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jfm.2018.890.","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1075","volume":"3","author":"P Friedl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedl, P., and K. Wolf. Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 3(5):362\u2013374, 2003.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"4363_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.045476","volume":"88","author":"J Guck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guck, J., S. Schinkinger, B. Lincoln, F. Wottawah, S. Ebert, M. Romeyke, D. Lenz, H. M. Erickson, R. Ananthakrishnan, D. Mitchell, et al. Optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for testing malignant transformation and metastatic competence. Biophys. J. 88(5):3689\u20133698, 2005.","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"4363_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3080","volume":"11","author":"D Wirtz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wirtz, D., K. Konstantopoulos, and P. C. Searson. The physics of cancer: the role of physical interactions and mechanical forces in metastasis. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 11(7):512\u2013522, 2011.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"4363_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1039\/b707399m","volume":"7","author":"K Chaw","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chaw, K., M. Manimaran, E. Tay, and S. Swaminathan. Multi-step microfluidic device for studying cancer metastasis. Lab Chip. 7(8):1041\u20131047, 2007.","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"4363_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08370-3","volume":"10","author":"B Fregin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fregin, B., F. Czerwinski, D. Biedenweg, S. Girardo, S. Gross, K. Aurich, and O. Otto. High-throughput single-cell rheology in complex samples by dynamic real-time deformability cytometry. Nat. Commun. 10(1):415, 2019.","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Annals of Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:11:45Z","timestamp":1790255505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["4363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-026-04363-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6964","1573-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6964","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}