{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T16:46:52Z","timestamp":1782578812216,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agroforest Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Croatia, farmers are showing increasing interest in establishing walnut orchards for nut production on arable land due to higher anticipated net margins. One way to address the lack of profitability in the initial years when nut yields are low may be to plant arable intercrops. The anticipated impacts of this practice were assessed using a biophysical simulation model (Yield-SAFE) to determine the growth and yield of crops and trees in arable, orchard, and silvoarable systems, and an economic farm model (Farm-SAFE) was used to assess their profitability. The walnut orchard and the intercropped orchard systems were simulated assuming tree densities of 170, 135, and 100 trees ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, to determine the profitability and break-even date of the systems. The biophysical simulation predicted a decline in arable intercrop yields over time in all tree density scenarios. However, analysis of productivity of intercropped systems showed that intercropping was more productive than separate arable and walnut production for all tree density scenarios. From financial aspect, the return from intercropping helped to offset some of the initial orchard establishment costs and the arable intercrop remained profitable until the sixth year after tree planting. The modelling predicted that a system with 170 trees ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> that included intercropping for the first 6\u00a0years provided the greatest cumulative net margin after 20\u00a0years. The financial benefit of intercropping over the first 6\u00a0years opposed to monoculture walnut fruit production appeared to be consistent across the three tree densities studied. These results suggest that silvoarable agroforestry is profitable approach to establishing walnut orchards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T20:07:57Z","timestamp":1616616477000},"page":"279-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Modelling the yield and profitability of intercropped walnut systems in Croatia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"\u017dalac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Giannitsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Paponja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigita","family":"Popovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ivezi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"611_CR1","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Fruit production in India","author":"N Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad N, Singh S, Bakshi M, Mir H (2018) Walnut. In: Dhillon WS (ed) Fruit production in India. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 661\u2013672"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-018-0261-3","volume":"92","author":"PJ Burgess","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burgess PJ, Rosati A (2018) Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project. Agrofor Syst 92(4):801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-018-0261-3","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"key":"611_CR3","first-page":"129","volume":"44","author":"PJ Burgess","year":"1996","unstructured":"Burgess PJ, Stephens W, Anderson G, Durston J (1996) Water use by a poplar wheat agroforestry system. Asp Appl Biol 44:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Asp Appl Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"611_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-004-7169-9","volume":"63","author":"PJ Burgess","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burgess PJ, Incoll LD, Corry DT, Beaton A, Hart BJ (2004) Poplar (Populus spp) growth and crop yields in a silvoarable experiment at three lowland sites in England. Agrofor Syst 63(2):157\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-004-7169-9","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"key":"611_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.12.011","volume":"236","author":"R Cardinael","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cardinael R, Chevallier T, Cambou A, B\u00e9ral C, Barth\u00e8s BG, Dupraz C, Durand C, Kouakoua E, Chenu C (2017) Increased soil organic carbon stocks under agroforestry: a survey of six different sites in France. Agric Ecosyst Environ 236:243\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2016.12.011","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12738","volume":"21","author":"WF Cong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cong WF, Hoffland E, Li L, Six J, Sun JH, Bao XG, Zhang FS, van der Werf W (2015) Intercropping enhances soil carbon and nitrogen. Glob Change Biol 21(4):1715\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.12738","journal-title":"Glob Change Biol"},{"key":"611_CR7","unstructured":"Croatian Agricultural and Forestry Advisory Service (2018) Katalog kalkulacija poljoprivredne proizvodnje 2018. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.savjetodavna.hr\/product\/katalog-kalkulacija-poljoprivredne-proizvodnje\/"},{"key":"611_CR8","unstructured":"Croatian Bureau of Statistics (2018) Statistical yearbook of the Republic of Croatia. pp 1\u201321. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dzs.hr\/Eng\/Publication\/stat_year.htm"},{"key":"611_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.03.005","volume":"241","author":"M den Herder","year":"2017","unstructured":"den Herder M, Moreno G, Mosquera-losada RM, Palma JHN, Sidiropoulou A, Santiago Freijanes JJ, Crous-Duran J, Paulo JA, Tom\u00e9 M, Pantera A, Papanastasis VP, Mantzanas K, Pachana P, Papadopoulos A, Plieninger T, Burgess PJ (2017) Current extent and stratification of agroforestry in the European Union. Agric Ecosyst Environ 241:121\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2017.03.005","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"611_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2776\/97516","volume-title":"Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects: economic appraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014\u20132020","author":"European Commission","year":"2014","unstructured":"European Commission (2014) Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects: economic appraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014\u20132020. Publications Office of the European Union, Brussels. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2776\/97516"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-017-0128-z","volume":"92","author":"S Garc\u00eda de Jal\u00f3n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda de Jal\u00f3n S, Graves A, Palma JHN, Williams A, Upson M, Burgess PJ (2018) Modelling and valuing the environmental impacts of arable, forestry and agroforestry systems: a case study. Agrofor Syst 92(4):1059\u20131073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-017-0128-z","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"611_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-009-9211-4","volume":"76","author":"G Gea-Izquierdo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gea-Izquierdo G, Montero G, Ca\u00f1ellas I (2009) Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree-grass interactions. Agrofor Syst 76(2):375\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-009-9211-4","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOLENG.2006.09.018","volume":"29","author":"AR Graves","year":"2007","unstructured":"Graves AR, Burgess PJ, Palma JHN, Herzog F, Moreno G, Bertomeu M, Dupraz C, Liagre F, Keesman K, van der Werf W, Koeffeman De Nooy A, van den Briel JP (2007) Development and application of bio-economic modelling to compare silvoarable, arable, and forestry systems in three European countries. Ecol Eng 29(4):434\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ECOLENG.2006.09.018","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"611_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.008","volume":"221","author":"AR Graves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graves AR, Burgess PJ, Palma JHN, Keesman KJ, van der Werf W, Dupraz C, Van Keulen H, Herzog F, Mayus M (2010) Implementation and calibration of the parameter-sparse Yield-SAFE model to predict production and land equivalent ratio in mixed tree and crop systems under two contrasting production situations in Europe. Ecol Model 221(13\u201314):1744\u20131756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.008","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"issue":"2","key":"611_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-010-9363-2","volume":"81","author":"AR Graves","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graves AR, Burgess PJ, Liagre F, Terreaux JP, Borrel T, Dupraz C, Palma JHN, Herzog F (2011) Farm-SAFE: the process of developing a plot- and farm-scale model of arable, forestry, and silvoarable economics. Agrofor Syst 81(2):93\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-010-9363-2","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"611_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/0030727017691173","volume":"46","author":"AR Graves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graves AR, Burgess PJ, Liagre F, Dupraz C (2017) Farmer perception of benefits, constraints and opportunities for silvoarable systems: preliminary insights from Bedfordshire, England. Outlook on Agric 46(1):74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0030727017691173","journal-title":"Outlook on Agric"},{"key":"611_CR17","unstructured":"Japund\u017ei\u0107 M (2017) Podizanje nasada oraha na OPG Japund\u017ei\u0107. Bachelor's thesis, University in Po\u017eega. Retrieved from https:\/\/repozitorij.vup.hr\/islandora\/object\/vup%3A710"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"611_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2007.04.006","volume":"123","author":"G Moreno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moreno G (2008) Response of understorey forage to multiple tree effects in Iberian dehesas. Agric Ecosyst Environ 123(1\u20133):239\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2007.04.006","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"611_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.705.6","volume":"705","author":"SM Newman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman SM (2006) Agronomic and economic aspects of walnut agroforestry in the UK. Acta Hortic 705:65\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.705.6","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"key":"611_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780645117.0001","author":"CK Ong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ong CK, Kho RM (2015) A framework for quantifying the various effects of tree\u2013crop interactions. Tree Crop Interact Agrofor Chang Clim. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/9781780645117.0001","journal-title":"Tree Crop Interact Agrofor Chang Clim"},{"key":"611_CR21","unstructured":"Orah (2009) Ministarstvo poljoprivrede\u2014uprava za stru\u010dnu podr\u0161ku razvoju poljoprivrede i ribarstva. Retrived from https:\/\/www.savjetodavna.hr\/2009\/04\/10\/orah\/"},{"key":"611_CR22","unstructured":"Orah - zna\u010dajna vo\u0107na vrsta (2007) Ministarstvo poljoprivrede\u2014uprava za stru\u010dnu podr\u0161ku razvoju poljoprivrede i ribarstva. Retrived from https:\/\/www.savjetodavna.hr\/2007\/05\/10\/orah-znacajna-vocna-vrsta\/"},{"key":"611_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3989\/gya.2005.v56.i2.122","author":"G Ozkan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozkan G, Koyuncu MA (2005) Physical and chemical composition of some walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes grown in Turkey. Grasas Aceites. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3989\/gya.2005.v56.i2.122","journal-title":"Grasas Aceites"},{"issue":"1","key":"611_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2017261-10251","volume":"26","author":"JHN Palma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palma JHN (2017) Clipick\u2014climate change web picker. A tool bridging daily climate needs in process based modelling in forestry and agriculture. For Syst 26(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5424\/fs\/2017261-10251","journal-title":"For Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.01.011","volume":"63","author":"JHN Palma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palma JHN, Graves AR, Burgess PJ, van der Werf W, Herzog F (2007a) Integrating environmental and economic performance to assess modern silvoarable agroforestry in Europe. Ecol Econ 63(4):759\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.01.011","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"611_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.07.021","volume":"119","author":"JHN Palma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palma JHN, Graves AR, Bunce RGH, Burgess PJ, de Filippi R, Keesman KJ, Van Keulen H, Liagre F, Mayus M, Moreno G, Reisner Y, Herzog F (2007b) Modeling environmental benefits of silvoarable agroforestry in Europe. Agric Ecosyst Environ 119(3\u20134):320\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2006.07.021","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-017-0123-4","volume":"92","author":"JHN Palma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palma JHN, Crous-Duran J, Graves AR, Garcia de Jalon S, Upson M, Oliveira TS, Paulo JA, Ferreiro-Dom\u00ednguez N, Moreno G, Burgess PJ (2018) Integrating belowground carbon dynamics into Yield-SAFE, a parameter sparse agroforestry model. Agrofor Syst 92(4):1047\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-017-0123-4","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-017-0181-7","volume":"92","author":"A Pantera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pantera A, Burgess PJ, Mosquera-Losada MR, Moreno G, L\u00f3pez-D\u00edaz ML, Corroyer N, McAdam J, Rosati A, Papadopoulos AM, Graves AR, Rigueiro-Rodr\u00edguez A, Ferreiro-Dom\u00ednguez N, Fern\u00e1ndez-Lorenzo JL, Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez MP, Papanastasis VP, Mantzanas K, van Lerberghe P, Malignier N (2018) Agroforestry for high value tree systems in Europe. Agrofor Syst 92(4):945\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-017-0181-7","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"key":"611_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.06.018","volume":"247","author":"P Pardon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pardon P, Reubens B, Reheul D, Mertens J, De Frenne P, Coussement T, Janssens P, Verheyen K (2017) Trees increase soil organic carbon and nutrient availability in temperate agroforestry systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 247:98\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2017.06.018","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"8","key":"611_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2009.08.008","volume":"12","author":"A Quinkenstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quinkenstein A, W\u00f6llecke J, B\u00f6hm C, Gr\u00fcnewald H, Freese D, Schneider BU, H\u00fcttl RF (2009) Ecological benefits of the alley cropping agroforestry system in sensitive regions of Europe. Environ Sci Policy 12(8):1112\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsci.2009.08.008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"611_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9070147","volume":"9","author":"DM Seserman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seserman DM, Freese D, Swieter A, Langhof M, Veste M (2019) Trade-off between energy wood and grain production in temperate alley-cropping systems: an empirical and simulation-based derivation of land equivalent ratio. Agriculture (Switzerland) 9(7):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture9070147","journal-title":"Agriculture (Switzerland)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-611_CR32.1","unstructured":"The Council of the European Union (2005) Coucil Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-611_CR32.2","unstructured":"(EC) No. 1698\/2005 of 20 September 2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Official Journal of the European Union, L 277 (21.10.2005.):1-40. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1570006564210&uri=CELEX:32005R1698"},{"key":"611_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AGEE.2016.06.002","volume":"230","author":"M Torralba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torralba M, Fagerholm N, Burgess PJ, Moreno G, Plieninger T (2016) Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis. Agric Ecosyst Environ 230:150\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AGEE.2016.06.002","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"611_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-012-9494-8","volume":"85","author":"P Tsonkova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsonkova P, B\u00f6hm C, Quinkenstein A, Freese D (2012) Ecological benefits provided by alley cropping systems for production of woody biomass in the temperate region: a review. Agrofor Syst 85(1):133\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-012-9494-8","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"611_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2006.09.017","volume":"29","author":"W van der Werf","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Werf W, Keesman K, Burgess PJ, Graves AR, Pilbeam D, Incoll LD, Metselaar K, Mayus M, Stappers R, Van Keulen H, Palma JHN, Dupraz C (2007) Yield-SAFE: a parameter-sparse, process-based dynamic model for predicting resource capture, growth, and production in agroforestry systems. Ecol Eng 29(4):419\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2006.09.017","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"}],"container-title":["Agroforestry Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T10:15:23Z","timestamp":1679652923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-021-00611-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4366","1572-9680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4366","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}