{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:09:30Z","timestamp":1788862170288,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv in Health Sci Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:05:29Z","timestamp":1770041129000},"page":"1213-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Affects of ableism in medical education: happiness, resignation, and the disabled killjoy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erene","family":"Stergiopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2931-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neera R.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2 (79)","key":"10499_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1215\/01642472-22-2_79-117","volume":"22","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. (2004). Affective economies. Social Text, 22(2 (79)), 117\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/01642472-22-2_79-117","journal-title":"Social Text"},{"key":"10499_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3917\/cdge.053.0077","volume":"53","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. (2012). Feminist killjoys (and other willful Subjects). Cahiers Du Genre, 53, 77\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/cdge.053.0077","journal-title":"Cahiers Du Genre"},{"issue":"5","key":"10499_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14700","volume":"56","author":"R Ajjawi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ajjawi, R., Olson, R. E., & McNaughton, N. (2022). Emotion as reflexive practice: A new discourse for feedback practice and research. Medical Education, 56(5), 480\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.14700","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"key":"10499_CR5","unstructured":"Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (2008). Pub L No. 110\u2013325, 122 Stat. 3553."},{"issue":"3","key":"10499_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.643265","volume":"34","author":"AR Artino Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Artino Jr, A. R., Holmboe, E. S., & Durning, S. J. (2012). Can achievement emotions be used to better understand motivation, learning, and performance in medical education? Medical Teacher, 34(3), 240\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0142159X.2012.643265","journal-title":"Medical Teacher"},{"key":"10499_CR6","unstructured":"Association of American Medical Colleges (2024). 2024 Year Two Questionnaire (Y2Q). Washington, DC. https:\/\/www.aamc.org\/data-reports\/students-residents\/report\/year-two-questionnaire-y2q. Accessed 2 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.26522\/ssj.v6i1.1069","volume":"6","author":"K Aubrecht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aubrecht, K. (2012). The new vocabulary of resilience and the governance of university student life. Studies in Social Justice, 6(1), 67\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26522\/ssj.v6i1.1069","journal-title":"Studies in Social Justice"},{"key":"10499_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bateman, A. W., Holmes, J., & Allison, E. (2022). Introduction to psychoanalysis: Contemporary theory and practice. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429355110"},{"issue":"13","key":"10499_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320922193","volume":"30","author":"A Battalova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Battalova, A., Bulk, L., Nimmon, L., Hole, R., Krupa, T., Lee, M., et al. (2020). I can understand where they\u2019re coming from: How clinicians\u2019 disability experiences shape their interaction with clients. Qualitative Health Research, 30(13), 2064\u20132076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732320922193","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10499_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlant, L. (2011). Cruel optimism. Duke University Press.","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822394716"},{"key":"10499_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781036232078.n9"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13847","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13847","volume":"22","author":"CG Breheny","year":"2025","unstructured":"Breheny, C. G., Lee, D., Ly, D., Oliver, H., Bi, A., & Bull, S. (2025). I say i\u2019m kind of out: An insider qualitative study of Queer medical students. The Clinical Teacher, 22(1), e13847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tct.13847","journal-title":"The Clinical Teacher"},{"key":"10499_CR13","unstructured":"British Medical Association (2020). Disability in the medical profession: Survey findings 2020. London, UK. https:\/\/www.bma.org.uk\/advice-and-support\/equality-and-diversity-guidance\/disability-equality-in-medicine\/disability-in-the-medical-profession. Accessed 2 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-019-00898-9","volume":"30","author":"MEL Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown, M. E. L., & Due\u00f1as, A. N. (2020). A medical science educator\u2019s guide to selecting a research paradigm: Building a basis for better research. Medical Science Educator, 30(1), 545\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40670-019-00898-9","journal-title":"Medical Science Educator"},{"issue":"6","key":"10499_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2461","volume":"17","author":"MEL Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown, M. E. L., & Finn, G. M. (2024). The anatomy of diversity: Applying critical disability theory to anatomy education. Anatomical Sciences Education, 17(6), 1157\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2461","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"10499_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2017.1308247","volume":"32","author":"LY Bulk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bulk, L. Y., Easterbrook, A., Roberts, E., Groening, M., Murphy, S., Lee, M., et al. (2017). We are not anything alike\u2019: Marginalization of health professionals with disabilities. Disability & Society, 32(5), 615\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2017.1308247","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10499_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15174","volume":"58","author":"JL Bullock","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bullock, J. L., Sukhera, J., del Pino-Jones, A., Dyster, T. G., Ilgen, J. S., Lockspeiser, T. M., et al. (2024). Yourself in all your forms\u2019: A grounded theory exploration of identity safety in medical students. Medical Education, 58(3), 327\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.15174","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"10499_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002933","volume":"94","author":"K Butler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butler, K., Yak, A., & Veltman, A. (2019). Progress in medicine is slower to happen: Qualitative insights into how trans and gender nonconforming medical students navigate cisnormative medical cultures at Canadian training programs. Academic Medicine, 94(11), 1757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002933","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002479","volume":"94","author":"WEI Bynum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bynum, W. E. I., Artino, A. R. J., Uijtdehaage, S., Webb, A. M. B., & Varpio, L. (2019). Sentinel emotional events: The Nature, Triggers, and effects of shame experiences in medical residents. Academic Medicine, 94(1), 85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002479","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14354","author":"WE Bynum IV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bynum, W. E. IV (2021). I\u2019m unworthy of being in this space\u2019: The origins of shame in medical students. Medical Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.14354. Accessed 15 March 2024.","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"11S","key":"10499_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004261","volume":"96","author":"WE Bynum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bynum, W. E., Teunissen, P. W., & Varpio, L. (2021). In the shadow of shame: A phenomenological exploration of the nature of shame experiences in medical students. Academic Medicine, 96(11S), S23\u2013S30.","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Campbell, F. K. (2009). Contours of ableism: The production of disability and abledness. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9780230245181","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230245181"},{"key":"10499_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crotty, M. (1998). Foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003115700","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003115700"},{"issue":"10S","key":"10499_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006125","volume":"100","author":"WH Eidtson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eidtson, W. H., Nguyen, M., Hodgens, T. M., Pereira-Lima, K., Fancher, T. L., Sheets, Z. C., et al. (2025). Compounded challenges: The impact of race and disability on leave of absence and time to graduation during undergraduate medical education. Academic Medicine, 100(10S), S105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006125","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Friedner, M. (2025). Access killjoys: Join the club. Inaccessible access: Rethinking disability inclusion in academic knowledge creation (pp. 163\u2013172). Rutgers University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/jj.18654632","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.18654632"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5195\/hcs.2013.136","volume":"5","author":"K Fritsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fritsch, K. (2013). The neoliberal circulation of affects: Happiness, accessibility and the capacitation of disability as wheelchair. Health Culture and Society, 5(1), 135\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5195\/hcs.2013.136","journal-title":"Health Culture and Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10499_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2017.1402752","volume":"33","author":"D Goodley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goodley, D., Liddiard, K., & Runswick-Cole, K. (2018). Feeling disability: Theories of affect and critical disability studies. Disability & Society, 33(2), 197\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2017.1402752","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10499_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1586326","volume":"31","author":"A Grant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grant, A., Rix, A., & Shrewsbury, D. (2019). If you\u2019re crying this much you shouldn\u2019t be a consultant: The lived experience of UK Doctors in training with mental illness. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon England), 31(7\u20138), 673\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540261.2019.1586326","journal-title":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon England)"},{"key":"10499_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregg, M., & Seigworth, G. J. (Eds.). (2010). The affect theory reader. Duke University Press.","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822393047"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2031013","volume":"384","author":"OS Haque","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haque, O. S., Stein, M. A., & Marvit, A. (2021). Physician, heal Thy double Stigma \u2014 Doctors with mental illness and structural barriers to disclosure. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(10), 888\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2031013","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10499_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.10.027","volume":"100","author":"LE Hirshfield","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirshfield, L. E., & Underman, K. (2017). Empathy in medical education: A case for social construction. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(4), 785\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2016.10.027","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"key":"10499_CR32","unstructured":"Hunt, P. (1966). A Critical Condition. In P. Hunt (Ed.), Stigma: the experience of disability (pp. 145\u2013162). London: Geoffrey Chapman. http:\/\/archive.org\/details\/stigmaexperience0000paul. Accessed 27 February 2025."},{"key":"10499_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115549","volume":"315","author":"NR Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain, N. R. (2022). The capability imperative: Theorizing ableism in medical education. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 315, 115549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115549","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10499_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-023-10268-1","volume":"29","author":"NR Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain, N. R. (2024). Legibility: Knowing disability in medical education inclusion. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 29(2), 507\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-023-10268-1","journal-title":"Advances in Health Sciences Education"},{"key":"10499_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain,N. R., & Stergiopoulos, E. (2025). Double knowing: The value of bridging research paradigms for social change. Academic Medicine 100(10S), S166-S172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006155","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006155"},{"issue":"11","key":"10499_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005842","volume":"99","author":"NR Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain, N. R., Stergiopoulos, E., Addams, A., Moreland, C. J., & Meeks, L. M. (2024). We need a seismic shift: Disabled student perspectives on disability inclusion in U.S. Medical education. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 99(11), 1221\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005842","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges"},{"issue":"6","key":"10499_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15002","volume":"57","author":"T Jarus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jarus, T., Krupa, T., Mayer, Y., Battalova, A., Bulk, L., Lee, M., et al. (2023a). Negotiating legitimacy and belonging: Disabled students\u2019 and practitioners\u2019 experience. Medical Education, 57(6), 535\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.15002","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2022.2041403","volume":"38","author":"T Jarus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jarus, T., Liao, P., Battalova, A., Tikhonova, J., Das, S., Krejcik, V., & Mayer, Y. (2023b). Policies as barriers for disabled medical learners: Exploratory study of learners\u2019 perspectives. Disability & Society, 38(10), 1763\u20131778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2022.2041403","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"key":"10499_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafer, A. (2013). Feminist, Queer, Crip. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. https:\/\/iupress.org\/9780253009340\/feminist-queer-crip\/. Accessed 15 March 2024.","DOI":"10.2979\/6841.0"},{"key":"10499_CR40","unstructured":"Kolarova, K. (2012). Affective politics of disability shame in the times of neoliberal exceptionalism. In Import-Export-Transport. Queer theory, Queer Critique and Activism in Motion, (pp. 261\u2013279). Vienna: Zaglossus. http:\/\/www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de\/item\/7X4B2BX7SJUBF3AJMP7UI7W6UX2RNKQ6. Accessed 5 September 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"10499_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002088","volume":"93","author":"KA LaDonna","year":"2018","unstructured":"LaDonna, K. A., Taylor, T., & Lingard, L. (2018). Why Open-Ended survey questions are unlikely to support rigorous qualitative insights. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 93(3), 347\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002088","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41077-021-00198-6","volume":"7","author":"VR LeBlanc","year":"2022","unstructured":"LeBlanc, V. R., & Posner, G. D. (2022). Emotions in simulation-based education: Friends or foes of learning? Advances in Simulation, 7(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41077-021-00198-6","journal-title":"Advances in Simulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10499_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-023-10229-8","volume":"28","author":"A L\u00f6nn","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f6nn, A., Weurlander, M., Seeberger, A., Hult, H., Thornberg, R., & Wernerson, A. (2023). The impact of emotionally challenging situations on medical students\u2019 professional identity formation. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 28(5), 1557\u20131578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-023-10229-8","journal-title":"Advances in Health Sciences Education"},{"key":"10499_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2307\/1354446","volume":"31","author":"B Massumi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Massumi, B. (1995). The autonomy of affect. Cultural Critique, 31, 83\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1354446","journal-title":"Cultural Critique"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182675af2","volume":"87","author":"MM McConnell","year":"2012","unstructured":"McConnell, M. M., & Eva, K. W. (2012). The role of emotion in the learning and transfer of clinical skills and knowledge. Academic Medicine, 87(10), 1316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182675af2","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKee, M. M., Gay, S., Ailey, S., & Meeks, L. M. (2020). Technical Standards. In L. M. Meeks & L. Neal-Boylan (Eds.), Disability as diversity: a guidebook for inclusion in medicine, nursing, and the health professions (pp. 191\u2013212). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-46187-4_9. Accessed 28 January 2023.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46187-4_9"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04329.x","volume":"47","author":"N McNaughton","year":"2013","unstructured":"McNaughton, N. (2013). Discourse(s) of emotion within medical education: The ever-present absence. Medical Education, 47(1), 71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04329.x","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"20","key":"10499_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.15372","volume":"322","author":"LM Meeks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meeks, L. M., Case, B., Herzer, K., Plegue, M., & Swenor, B. K. (2019). Change in prevalence of disabilities and accommodation practices among US medical Schools, 2016 vs 2019. Journal of the American Medical Association, 322(20), 2022\u20132024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.15372","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10499_CR48","unstructured":"Meeks, L. M., & Jain, N. R. (2018). Accessibility, inclusion, and action in medical education: lived experiences of learners and physicians with disabilities. Accessed 6 March 2020. https:\/\/store.aamc.org\/accessibility-inclusion-and-action-in-medical-education-lived-experiences-of-learners-and-physicians-with-disabilities.html"},{"issue":"6","key":"10499_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14995","volume":"57","author":"LM Meeks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meeks, L. M., Pereira-Lima, K., Plegue, M., Jain, N. R., Stergiopoulos, E., Stauffer, C., et al. (2023). Disability, program access, empathy and burnout in US medical students: A National study. Medical Education, 57(6), 523\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.14995","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.12283","volume":"328","author":"LM Meeks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meeks, L. M., Pereira-Lima, K., Plegue, M., Stergiopoulos, E., Jain, N. R., Addams, A., & Moreland, C. J. (2022a). Assessment of accommodation requests reported by a national sample of US MD students by category of disability. Journal of the American Medical Association, 328(10), 982\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.12283","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10499_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004510","volume":"97","author":"LM Meeks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meeks, L. M., Plegue, M., Swenor, B. K., Moreland, C. J., Jain, S., Grabowski, C. J., et al. (2022b). The performance and trajectory of medical students with disabilities: Results from a Multisite, multicohort study. Academic Medicine, 97(3), 389\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004510","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10499_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14746","volume":"56","author":"LM Mills","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mills, L. M. (2022). Expanding the discourse on emotion in health professions education. Medical Education, 56(5), 470\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.14746","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"key":"10499_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006086","author":"CJ Moreland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moreland, C. J., Plegue, M., Sheets, Z. C., Pereira-Lima, K., Jain, N. R., Stergiopolous, E., et al. (2024). Perceptions of the learning environment among medical students with disabilities and the impact of program access. Academic Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006086","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6910712","volume":"69","author":"S Neilson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neilson, S. (2023). Disclosing disabilities in medicine. Canadian Family Physician, 69(10), 712\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46747\/cfp.6910712","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"10499_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oliver, M. (1996). The social model in context. Understanding disability (pp. 30\u201342). Palgrave. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-349-24269-6_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-24269-6_4"},{"key":"10499_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penz, O., & Sauer, B. (2019). Governing affects: Neoliberalism, neo-bureaucracies, and service work. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781351212434","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351212434"},{"issue":"10S","key":"10499_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006128","volume":"100","author":"K Pereira-Lima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pereira-Lima, K., Meeks, L. M., Nguyen, M., Sheets, Z. C., Jain, N. R., Stergiopoulos, E., et al. (2025). Demographic factors and burnout outcomes associated with disability status uncertainty in U.S. Medical students. Academic Medicine, 100(10S), S131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000006128","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pride, T., Beagan, B. L., MacLeod, A., & Sibbald, K. (2024). Educational experiences of health professionals from marginalized groups: It definitely takes more work. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 18(1), 51\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15595692.2022.2149485","DOI":"10.1080\/15595692.2022.2149485"},{"issue":"16","key":"10499_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141236","volume":"186","author":"G Reaume","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reaume, G. (2014). Understanding critical disability studies. Cmaj, 186(16), 1248\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.141236","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"10499_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauer, B., & Penz, O. (2017). Affective governmentality: A feminist perspective. In C. Hudson, M. R\u00f6nnblom, & K. Teghtsoonian (Eds.), Gender, governance and feminist analysis: Missing in action? (pp. 39\u201358). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315561509-3"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15119","volume":"57","author":"SCK Shaw","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaw, S. C. K., Doherty, M., & Anderson, J. L. (2023). The experiences of autistic medical students: A phenomenological study. Medical Education, 57(10), 971\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.15119","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10499_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1080\/17508487.2021.1881914","volume":"63","author":"A Shoshana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shoshana, A. (2022). Affective Governmentality through gratitude: Governmental rationality, education, and everyday life. Critical Studies in Education, 63(4), 436\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17508487.2021.1881914","journal-title":"Critical Studies in Education"},{"key":"10499_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shrewsbury, D., Mogensen, L., & Hu, W. (2018). Problematizing medical students with disabilities: A critical policy analysis. MedEdPublish, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15694\/mep.2018.0000045.1","DOI":"10.15694\/mep.2018.0000045.1"},{"issue":"21","key":"10499_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16396","volume":"316","author":"SJ Slavin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slavin, S. J. (2016). Medical student mental health: Culture, Environment, and the need for change. Journal of the American Medical Association, 316(21), 2195\u20132196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.16396","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13064","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.13064","volume":"64","author":"O Smoliak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smoliak, O., Rice, C., Rudder, D., Tseliou, E., LaMarre, A., LeCouteur, A., et al. (2025). Emotion regulation as affective neoliberal governmentality. Family Process, 64(1), e13064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/famp.13064","journal-title":"Family Process"},{"key":"10499_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238212052110727","DOI":"10.1177\/23821205211072763","volume":"9","author":"C Stauffer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stauffer, C., Case, B., Moreland, C. J., & Meeks, L. M. (2022). Technical standards from newly established medical schools: A review of disability inclusive practices. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 9, 23821205211072763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23821205211072763","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002300","volume":"93","author":"E Stergiopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stergiopoulos, E., Fernando, O., & Martimianakis, M. A. (2018). Being on both sides: Canadian medical students\u2019 experiences with Disability, the hidden Curriculum, and professional identity construction. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 93(10), 1550\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002300","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges"},{"key":"10499_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7567","author":"E Stergiopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stergiopoulos, E., Fragoso, L., & Meeks, L. M. (2020). Cultural barriers to Help-Seeking in medical education. JAMA Internal Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7567","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10499_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stergiopoulos, E., & Martimianakis, M. A. (2023). What makes a \u2018good doctor\u2019? A critical discourse analysis of perspectives from medical students with lived experience as patients. Medical Humanities. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medhum-2022-012520","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2022-012520"},{"key":"10499_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sukhera, J., Klasen, J., & LaDonna, K. (2025). From understanding to embracing: A guide on emotions in medical education research: AMEE Guide No. 184. Medical Teacher, 47(11), 1709\u20131718 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0142159X.2025.2485091","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2025.2485091"},{"key":"10499_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terry, G., & Hayfield, N. (2020). Reflexive Thematic Analysis. In M. R. M. Ward & S. Delamont (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research in education (2nd Edition., pp. 430\u2013441). Cheltenham: Elgar. https:\/\/www.e-elgar.com\/shop\/usd\/handbook-of-qualitative-research-in-education-9781788977142.html. Accessed 12 January 2025.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788977159.00049"},{"key":"10499_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_644_21","volume":"12","author":"N Toufan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toufan, N., Omid, A., & Haghani, F. (2023). The double-edged sword of emotions in medical education: A scoping review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 12, 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_644_21","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Health Promotion"},{"key":"10499_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.05.027","volume":"160","author":"K Underman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Underman, K., & Hirshfield, L. E. (2016). Detached concern? Emotional socialization in twenty-first century medical education. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 160, 94\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.05.027","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"key":"10499_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Warner, S. A. (2024). Affective governmentality and gendered labour in education policy: Sites of non-traditional coproduction. Public Policy and Administration, 09520767241300822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09520767241300822","DOI":"10.1177\/09520767241300822"},{"key":"10499_CR76","unstructured":"Watermeyer, B. (2006). Disability and psychoanalysis. In B. Watermeyer, L. Swartz, T. Lorenzo, M. Schneider, & M. Priestley (Eds.), Disability and social change: A South African agenda (pp. 31\u201344). HSRC."},{"issue":"1","key":"10499_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2024-013044","volume":"51","author":"B Watermeyer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watermeyer, B. (2025). Health sciences training for disability inclusion: The need to engage with emotion. Medical Humanities, 51(1), 123\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medhum-2024-013044","journal-title":"Medical Humanities"},{"key":"10499_CR78","unstructured":"Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. University of California Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"10499_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-024-10312-8","volume":"29","author":"TR Wyatt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wyatt, T. R., Jain, V., & Ma, T. (2024). I never wanted to burn any bridges: Discerning between pushing too hard and not enough in trainees\u2019 acts of professional resistance. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 29(4), 1379\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-024-10312-8","journal-title":"Advances in Health Sciences Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10499_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003192","volume":"95","author":"TR Wyatt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wyatt, T. R., Rockich-Winston, N., Taylor, T. R., & White, D. (2020). What does context have to do with anything? A study of professional identity formation in Physician-Trainees considered underrepresented in medicine. Academic Medicine, 95(10), 1587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003192","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10499_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001087","volume":"91","author":"P Zazove","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zazove, P., Case, B., Moreland, C., Plegue, M. A., Hoekstra, A., Ouellette, A., et al. (2016). U.S. Medical schools\u2019 compliance with the Americans with disabilities act: Findings from a National study. Academic Medicine, 91(7), 979\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001087","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"}],"container-title":["Advances in Health Sciences Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:11:39Z","timestamp":1788858699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-025-10499-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-4996","1573-1677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-4996","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved as exempt by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (HUM00258874, September 2023), and was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Belmont Report (1979) and the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants provided written informed consent to participate in the Year Two Questionnaire, and were informed that their responses may be used in de-identified format by AAMC or other medical education researchers according to AAMC policies and procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This material is based upon data provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges (\u201cAAMC\u201d). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the AAMC. The opinions, results, and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the funding sources.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}