{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:03:53Z","timestamp":1784289833634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,14]],"date-time":"2012-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]],"date-time":"2012-01-16T11:39:07Z","timestamp":1326713947000},"page":"434-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Assessing HIV\/AIDS Stigma in South India: Validation and Abridgement of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Jeyaseelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuba","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Mohanraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Rebekah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa E.","family":"Manhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"128_CR1","first-page":"335","volume":"85","author":"EA Simoes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Simoes EA, Babu PG, John TJ, Nirmala S, Solomon S, Lakshminarayana CS, et al. Evidence for HTLV-III infection in prostitutes in Tamil Nadu (India). Indian J Med. 1987;85:335\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Med"},{"key":"128_CR2","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organization: Facts and figures. http:\/\/www.nacoonline.org\/facts.htm (2007). Accessed 28 Mar 2007."},{"issue":"9517","key":"128_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68435-3","volume":"367","author":"R Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar R, Jha P, Arora P, Mony P, Bhatia P, Millson P, et al. Trends in HIV-1 in young adults in south India from 2000 to 2004: a prevalence study. Lancet. 2006;367(9517):1164\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"128_CR4","unstructured":"UNAIDS: Stigma and discrimination. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/Issues\/Prevention_treatment\/stigma.asp (2007). Accessed 9 Apr 2007."},{"issue":"9","key":"128_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.01.006","volume":"64","author":"LC Simbayi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simbayi LC, Kalichman S, Strebel A, Cloete A, Henda N, Mqeketo A. Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV\/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(9):1823\u201331.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1363\/4211010","volume":"42","author":"AD Leonard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonard AD, Markham CM, Bui T, Shegog R, Paul ME. Lowering the risk of secondary HIV transmission: insights from HIV-positive youth and health care providers. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2010;42(2):110\u20136.","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"128_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-13","volume":"10","author":"WH Curioso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Curioso WH, Kepka D, Cabello R, Segura P, Kurth AE. Understanding the facilitators and barriers of antiretroviral adherence in Peru: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:13.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/0954012031000068353","volume":"15","author":"PS Chandra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chandra PS, Deepthivarma S, Manjula V. Disclosure of HIV infection in south India: patterns, reasons and reactions. AIDS Care. 2003;15(2):207\u201315.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"128_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802283469","volume":"21","author":"T Subramanian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subramanian T, Gupte MD, Dorairaj VS, Periannan V, Mathai AK. Psycho-social impact and quality of life of people living with HIV\/AIDS in South India. AIDS Care. 2009;21(4):473\u201381.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"128_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500099936","volume":"17","author":"BE Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas BE, Rehman F, Suryanarayanan D, Josephine K, Dilip M, Dorairaj VS, et al. How stigmatizing is stigma in the life of people living with HIV: a study on HIV positive individuals from Chennai, South India. AIDS Care. 2005;17(7):795\u2013801.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"128_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.526","volume":"19","author":"N Kumarasamy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumarasamy N, Safren SA, Raminani SR, Pickard R, James R, Krishnan AK, et al. Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among patients with HIV in Chennai, India: a qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2005;19(8):526\u201337.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS."},{"issue":"6","key":"128_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011","volume":"24","author":"BE Berger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518\u201329.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"128_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9474-1","volume":"14","author":"MF Franke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franke MF, Munoz M, Finnegan K, Zeladita J, Sebastian JL, Bayona JN, et al. Validation and abbreviation of an HIV stigma scale in an adult spanish-speaking population in urban Peru. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(1):189\u201399.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"128_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.08.001","volume":"40","author":"K Wright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright K, Naar-King S, Lam P, Templin T, Frey M. Stigma scale revised: reliability and validity of a brief measure of stigma for HIV+ youth. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40(1):96\u20138.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.3.198","volume":"19","author":"JY Bunn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bunn JY, Solomon SE, Miller C, Forehand R. Measurement of stigma in people with HIV: a reexamination of the HIV stigma scale. AIDS Educ Prev. 2007;19(3):198\u2013208.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"128_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.05.032","volume":"67","author":"WT Steward","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steward WT, Herek GM, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J, et al. HIV-related stigma: adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(8):1225\u201335.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"128_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9331-7","volume":"12","author":"CE Zelaya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zelaya CE, Sivaram S, Johnson SC, Srikrishnan AK, Solomon S, Celentano DD. HIV\/AIDS stigma: reliability and validity of a new measurement instrument in Chennai, India. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(5):781\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600595160","volume":"11","author":"WH Brakel Van","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Brakel WH. Measuring health-related stigma\u2014a literature review. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(3):307\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"128_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9475-1","volume":"18","author":"D Rao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rao D, Choi SW, Victorson D, Bode R, Peterman A, Heinemann A, et al. Measuring stigma across neurological conditions: the development of the stigma scale for chronic illness (SSCI). Qual Life Res. 2009;18(5):585\u201395.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2009.9724933","volume":"6","author":"WL Holzemer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holzemer WL, Makoae LN, Greeff M, Dlamini PS, Kohi TW, Chirwa ML, et al. Measuring HIV stigma for PLHAs and nurses over time in five African countries. Sahara J. 2009;6(2):76\u201382.","journal-title":"Sahara J."},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600595178","volume":"11","author":"LC Nyblade","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nyblade LC. Measuring HIV stigma: existing knowledge and gaps. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(3):335\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"128_CR22","volume-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"D Streiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Streiner D, Norman G. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989."},{"key":"128_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9475-1","volume":"18","author":"D Rao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rao D, Choi S, Victorson D, Bode R, Heinemann A, Peterman A, et al. Measuring stigma across neurological conditions: the development of the stigma scale for chronic illness (SSCI). Qual Life Res. 2009;18:585\u201395.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"128_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0060-6","volume":"15","author":"J Lai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lai J, Crane P, Cella D. Factor analysis techniques for assessing sufficient unidimensionality of cancer related fatigue. Qual Life Res. 2006;15(7):1179\u201390.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"128_CR25","unstructured":"Bech, P.: The major (ICD-10) depression inventory (MDI). http:\/\/www.gp-training.net\/protocol\/psych\/who\/mdi.doc (2007). Accessed 11 Apr 2007."},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006724","volume":"33","author":"LR Olsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Olsen LR, Jensen DV, Noerholm V, Martiny K, Bech P. The internal and external validity of the major depression inventory in measuring severity of depressive states. Psychol Med. 2003;33(2):351\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"128_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199809000-00012","volume":"36","author":"D Cella","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cella D, Hernandez L, Bonomi A, Corona M, Vaquero M, Shiomoto G, et al. Spanish language translation and initial validation of the functional assessment of cancer therapy quality-of-life instrument. Med Care. 1998;36(9):1407\u201318.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433915","volume":"5","author":"A Bonomi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bonomi A, Cella D, Hahn E, Bjordal K, Sperner-Unterweger B, Gangeri L, et al. Multilingual translation of the functional assessment of cancer therapy (FACT) quality of life measurement system. Qual Life Res. 1996;5(3):309\u201320.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800214","volume":"38","author":"DL Streiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Streiner DL. A checklist for evaluating the usefulness of rating scales. Can J Psychiatry. 1993;38(2):140\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"128_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00384-6","volume":"41","author":"AA Alonzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alonzo AA, Reynolds NR. Stigma, HIV and AIDS: an exploration and elaboration of a stigma trajectory. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41:303\u201315.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"128_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.64595","volume":"52","author":"A Barua","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barua A, Kar N. Screening for depression in elderly Indian population. Indian J Psychiatry. 2010;52(2):150\u20133.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"128_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.64","volume":"7","author":"RP McDonald","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDonald RP, Ho MH. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychol Methods. 2002;7(1):64\u201382.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6803_4","volume":"68","author":"SL Crowley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crowley SL, Fan X. Structural equation modeling: basic concepts and applications in personality assessment research. J Pers Assess. 1997;68(3):508\u201331.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199806)21:3<271::AID-NUR10>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"21","author":"CM Musil","year":"1998","unstructured":"Musil CM, Jones SL, Warner CD. Structural equation modeling and its relationship to multiple regression and factor analysis. Res Nurs Health. 1998;21(3):271\u201381.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"128_CR35","volume-title":"Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity","author":"E Goffman","year":"1963","unstructured":"Goffman E. Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc.; 1963."},{"issue":"3","key":"128_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/105477389300200302","volume":"2","author":"M Laryea","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laryea M, Gien L. The impact of HIV-positive diagnosis on the individual, Part 1: stigma, rejection, and loneliness. Clin Nurs Res. 1993;2(3):245\u201363. discussion 63\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res."},{"key":"128_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168500900204","volume":"9","author":"J Hattie","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hattie J. Methodology review: assessing unidimensionality of tests and items. Appl Psychol Meas. 1985;9:139\u201364.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T14:42:17Z","timestamp":1561214537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,14]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-011-0128-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,14]]}}}