{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:46:01Z","timestamp":1770482761665,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]],"date-time":"2014-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,5]],"date-time":"2014-04-05T12:25:42Z","timestamp":1396700742000},"page":"2080-2088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Optimism and Education Buffer the Effects of Syndemic Conditions on HIV Status Among African American Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"John B.","family":"Jemmott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott Edward","family":"Rutledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Icard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"708_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90205-4","volume":"39","author":"M Singer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Singer M. AIDS and the health crisis of the urban poor: the perspective of critical Medical Anthropology. Soc Sci Med. 1994;39(7):931\u201348.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"708_CR2","first-page":"99","volume":"24","author":"M Singer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Singer M. A dose of drugs, a touch of violence, a case of AIDS: conceptualizing the SAVA syndemic. Free Inq. 1996;24(2):99\u2013110.","journal-title":"Free Inq"},{"key":"708_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(88)80018-5","volume":"47","author":"R Wallace","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wallace R. A synergism of plagues. Environ Res. 1988;47:1\u201333.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"708_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300284","volume":"102","author":"JT Parsons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parsons JT, Grov C, Golub SA. Sexual compulsivity, co-occurring psychosocial health problems, and HIV risk among gay and bisexual men: further evidence of a syndemic. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(1):156\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"708_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.939","volume":"93","author":"RD Stall","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stall RD, Mills TC, Williamson J, Hart T, Greenwood G, Paul J, Pollack L, Binson D, Osmond D, Catania JA. Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV\/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):939\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"708_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9674-x","volume":"89","author":"TP Dyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dyer TP, Shoptaw S, Guadamuz TE, Plankey M, Kao U, Ostrow D, Chmiel JS, Herrick A, Stall R. Application of syndemic theory to Black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Urban Health. 2012;89(4):696\u2013708.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"708_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879919","volume":"34","author":"B Mustanski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mustanski B, Garofalo R, Herrick A, Donenberg G. Psychosocial health problems increase risk for HIV among urban young men who have sex with men: preliminary evidence of a syndemic in need of attention. Ann Behav Med. 2007;34(1):37\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"708_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32312","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032312","volume":"7","author":"W Jie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jie W, Ciyong L, Xueqing D, Hui W, Lingyao H. Syndemic of psychosocial problems places the MSM (men who have sex with men) population at greater risk of HIV infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32312.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"708_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300433","volume":"102","author":"J Brennan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brennan J, Kuhns LM, Johnson AK, Belzer M, Wilson EC, Garofalo R. Syndemic theory and HIV-related risk among young transgender women: the role of multiple, co-occurring health problems and social marginalization. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):1751\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"708_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30639-8","volume":"102","author":"TE Senn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Senn TE, Carey MP, Vanable PA. The intersection of violence, substance use, depression, and STDs: testing of a syndemic pattern among patients attending an urvan STD clinic. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102(7):614\u201320.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"708_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198110375911","volume":"38","author":"D Bruce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruce D, Harper GW. Operating without a safety net: gay male adolescents and emerging adults\u2019 experiences of marginalization and migration, and implications for theory of syndemic production of health disparities. Health Educ Behar. 2011;38(4):367\u201378.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behar"},{"key":"708_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9895-0","volume":"15","author":"AL Herrick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herrick AL, Lim SH, Wei C, Smith H, Guadamuz T, Friedman MS, Stall R. Resilience as an untapped resource in behavioral intervention design for gay men. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:S25\u20139.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"708_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0384-x","author":"AL Herrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herrick AL, Stall RD, Goldhammer H, Egan JE, Mayer KH. Resilience as a research framework and as a cornerstone of prevention research for gay and bisexual men: theory and evidence. AIDS Behav. 2013; doi:\n                    10.1007\/s10461-012-0384-x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"708_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2012.24.3.193","volume":"24","author":"SP Kurtz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurtz SP, Buttram ME, Surratt HL, Stall RD. Resilience, syndemic factors, and serosorting behaviors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative substance-using MSM. AIDS Educ Prev. 2012;24(3):193\u2013205.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"708_CR15","unstructured":"Jemmott JB, et al. (in preparation). Efficacy of a one-on-one HIV\/STI risk reduction intervention for African American men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial."},{"key":"708_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"708_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v01n04_04","volume":"1","author":"GE Wyatt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wyatt GE, Lawrence J, Vodounon A, et al. The Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire: a structured interview for female sexual history taking. J Child Sex Abuse. 1992;1:51\u201368.","journal-title":"J Child Sex Abuse"},{"key":"708_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","volume":"252","author":"JA Ewing","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984;252:1905\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"708_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00081-1","volume":"18","author":"RH Peters","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peters RH, Greenbaum PE, Steinberg ML, et al. Effectiveness of screening instruments in detecting substance use disorders among prisoners. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000;18:349\u201358.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"708_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.05.002","volume":"39","author":"SE Lowmaster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lowmaster SE, Morey LC, Baker L, Hopwood CJ. Structure, reliability, and predictive validity of the Texas Christian University correctional residential self-rating form at intake in a residential substance abuse treatment facility. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010;39(2):180\u20137.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"708_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001","volume":"17","author":"M Strauss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Strauss M, Hamby S, Boney-McKoy S, et al. The revised conflict tactics scale (CTS2). J Fam Issues. 1996;17:283\u2013316.","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"issue":"24","key":"708_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540480040036","volume":"277","author":"S Cohen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM. Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA. 1997;277(24):1940\u20134. doi:\n                    10.1001\/Jama.277.24.1940\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"708_CR23","unstructured":"Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. U.S. religious landscape survey, religious affiliation: diverse and dynamic. \n                    http:\/\/religions.pewforum.org\/pdf\/report-religious-landscapestudy-full.pdf\n                    \n                   (2008). Accessed Feb 2008."},{"issue":"4","key":"708_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.4.805","volume":"73","author":"RM Sellers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sellers RM, Rowley SAJ, Chavous TM, Shelton JN, Smith MA. Multidimensional inventory of black identity: a preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;73(4):805\u201315.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"708_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198111000-00006","volume":"29","author":"JS Brown","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brown JS, Rawlinson ME, Hilles NC. Life satisfaction and chronic disease: exploration of a theoretical model. Med Care. 1981;29:1136\u201346.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"708_CR26","volume-title":"The pattern of human concerns","author":"H Cantril","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cantril H. The pattern of human concerns. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; 1965."},{"key":"708_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9380-6","volume":"13","author":"G Marks","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marks G, Millett GA, Bingham T, Bond L, Lauby J, Liau A, Murrill CS, Stueve A. Understanding differences in HIV sexual transmission among Latino and Black men who have sex with men: the Brothers y Hermanos Study. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:682\u201390.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"708_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.4.805","volume":"73","author":"Philadelphia Department of Public Health","year":"2013","unstructured":"Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Surveillance report, 2011 and construct validity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;73(4):805\u201315. doi:\n                    10.1037\/0022-3514.73.4.805\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"708_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","volume":"98","author":"S Cohen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"708_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9111-x","volume":"37","author":"HN Rasmussen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasmussen HN, Scheier M, Greenhouse JB. Optimism and physical health: a meta-analytic review. Ann Behav Med. 2013;37(3):239\u201356.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"708_CR31","first-page":"597","volume":"54","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men\u2014five U.S. cities, June 2004\u2013April 2005. MMWR. 2005;54(24):597\u2013601.","journal-title":"MMWR."},{"issue":"37","key":"708_CR32","first-page":"1201","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men\u201421 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR. 2010;59(37):1201\u20137.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"708_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.066720","volume":"96","author":"GA Millet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Millet GA, Peterson JL, Wolitski RJ, Stall R. Greater risk for HIV infection of black men who have sex with men: a critical literature review. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:1007\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"708_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00226-5","volume":"25","author":"JP Paul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paul JP, Catania J, Pollack L, Stall R. Understanding childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men: the Urban Men\u2019s Health Study. Child Abuse Negl. 2001;25:557\u201384.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"708_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.12.1964","volume":"92","author":"GL Greenwood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greenwood GL, Reif MV, Huang B, Pollack LM, Canchola JA, Catania JA. Battering victimization among a probability=based sample of men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1964\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"708_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961115896.x","volume":"96","author":"R Stall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stall R, Paul JP, Greenwood G, Pollack LM, Bein E, Crosby GM, Mills TC, Binson D, Coates TJ, Catania JA. Alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the Urban Men\u2019s Health Study. Addiction. 2001;96:1589\u2013601.","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T02:20:36Z","timestamp":1581992436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0708-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]}}}