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Frederick Lambert declares that he has no conflict of interest. Catherine Orrell receives grant funding from Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation and the University of Cape Town. She declares that she has no conflict of interest. David R. Bangsberg declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jessica E. Haberer receives grant funding from NIH, the Gates Foundation, and USAID. She has received consulting fees from Merck, the WHO and the NIH. She own stock in Natera. She declares that these financial interests do not constitute a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by Partners Healthcare Institutional Review Board, Boston, MA (Protocol#: 2015P000841), Harvard University Faculty of Medicine Office of Human Research Administration, Boston, MA (Protocol#: IRB15-1948), University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee, Cape Town, South Africa (HREC REF: 078\/2015), and the Western Cape Provincial Health Research Committee (Reference: WC_2015R26_119). Written consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}