{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:24:06Z","timestamp":1790429046183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25MH064712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH064712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Iran Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T16:10:30Z","timestamp":1525882230000},"page":"19-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Symptom-Based Versus Laboratory-Based Diagnosis of Five Sexually Transmitted Infections in Female Sex Workers in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Armita","family":"Shahesmaeili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Karamouzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Shokoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kianoush","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noushin","family":"Fahimfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Alireza","family":"Nadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Akbar","family":"Haghdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0478-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mirzazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","volume":"10","author":"L Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, et al. Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12):e0143304.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2130_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2015. Geneva; 2016."},{"issue":"14","key":"2130_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.087","volume":"32","author":"SL Gottlieb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gottlieb SL, Low N, Newman LM, Bolan G, Kamb M, Broutet N. Toward global prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the need for STI vaccines. Vaccine. 2014;32(14):1527\u201335.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2130_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.06.024","volume":"90","author":"N Ortayli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortayli N, Ringheim K, Collins L, Sladden T. Sexually transmitted infections: progress and challenges since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). Contraception. 2014;90(6):22\u201331.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"2130_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32835c21b0","volume":"26","author":"JD Tucker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tucker JD, Bien CH, Peeling RW. Point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections: recent advances and implications for disease control. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26(1):73\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis."},{"key":"2130_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05447","volume":"444","author":"JE Aledort","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aledort JE, Ronald A, Rafael ME, Girosi F, Vickerman P, Le Blancq SM, et al. Reducing the burden of sexually transmitted infections in resource-limited settings: the role of improved diagnostics. Nature. 2006;444:59\u201372.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2130_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1071\/SH07024","volume":"5","author":"JG Cwikel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cwikel JG, Lazer T, Press F, Lazer S. Sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers: an international review with an emphasis on hard-to-access populations. Sex Health. 2008;5(1):9\u201316.","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2130_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051381","volume":"90","author":"L Mc Grath-Lone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mc Grath-Lone L, Marsh K, Hughes G, Ward H. The sexual health of female sex workers compared with other women in England: analysis of cross-sectional data from genitourinary medicine clinics. Sex Trans Infect. 2014;90:344\u201350.","journal-title":"Sex Trans Infect."},{"key":"2130_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2013. Geneva; 2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"2130_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115311","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115311","volume":"10","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, Shen Z, Morano JP, Khoshnood K, Wu Z, Lan G, et al. Bridging the epidemic: a comprehensive analysis of prevalence and correlates of HIV, Hepatitis C, and syphilis, and infection among female sex workers in Guangxi Province, China. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0115311.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2130_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413496227","volume":"25","author":"PA Kazerooni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kazerooni PA, Motazedian N, Motamedifar M, Sayadi M, Sabet M, Lari MA, et al. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Shiraz, South of Iran: by respondent-driven sampling. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(2):155\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2130_CR12","first-page":"585","volume":"5","author":"J Roksana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roksana J, Fatemeh A. An overview on sexually transmitted infections in Iran. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5(3):585\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2130_CR13","first-page":"368","volume":"11","author":"N Kassaian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kassaian N, Ataei B, Yaran M, Babak A, Shoaei P. Hepatitis B and C among women with illegal social behavior in Isfahan, Iran: seroprevalence and associated factors. Hepat Mon. 2011;11(5):368\u201371.","journal-title":"Hepat Mon."},{"issue":"14","key":"2130_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414526860","volume":"25","author":"NS Shah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shah NS, Kim E, de Maria Hern\u00e1ndez Ayala F, Guardado Escobar ME, Nieto AL, Kim AA, et al. Performance and comparison of self-reported STI symptoms among high-risk populations\u2013MSM, sex workers, persons living with HIV\/AIDS\u2013in El Salvador. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(14):984\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2130_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.180294","volume":"37","author":"JK Kosambiya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kosambiya JK, Baria H, Parmar R, Mhaskar R, Emmanuel P, Kumar A. Diagnostic accuracy of self-reported symptomatic assessment versus per speculum\/per vaginal examination for the diagnosis of vaginal\/cervical discharge and lower abdominal pain syndromes among female sex workers. Indian J Sex Trans Dis. 2016;37(1):12.","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Trans Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2130_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0285-z","volume":"17","author":"A Mirzazadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mirzazadeh A, Haghdoost AA, Nedjat S, Navadeh S, McFarland W, Mohammad K. Accuracy of HIV-related risk behaviors reported by female sex workers, Iran: a method to quantify measurement bias in marginalized populations. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(2):623\u201331.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"2130_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.09.030","volume":"108","author":"S Mirzendehdel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mirzendehdel S, Nadji SA, Tabarsi P, Baghaei P, Javanmard P, Sigarroodi A, et al. Prevalence of HPV and HIV among female drug addicts attending a drop-in center in Tehran, Iran. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;108(3):254\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2130_CR18","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 15 (Package DIAGT). College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2017."},{"key":"2130_CR19","first-page":"159","volume":"25","author":"S Shaukat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shaukat S, Kazmi AH. Sexually transmitted infections and syndromic management. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2015;25:159\u201361.","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2130_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2000.00055.x","volume":"31","author":"NL Sloan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sloan NL, Winikoff B, Haberland N, Coggins C, Elias C. Screening and syndromic approaches to identify gonorrhea and chlamydial infection among women. Stud Fam Plann. 2000;31(1):55\u201368.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann."},{"issue":"12","key":"2130_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414523260","volume":"25","author":"FO Otieno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Otieno FO, Ndivo R, Oswago S, Ondiek J, Pals S, McLellan-Lemal E, et al. Evaluation of syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections within the Kisumu Incidence Cohort Study. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(12):851\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"9","key":"2130_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007201","volume":"4","author":"JL Clark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clark JL, Lescano AG, Konda KA, Leon SR, Jones FR, Klausner JD, et al. Syndromic management and STI control in urban Peru. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(9):e7201.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2130_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103452","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/103452","volume":"2014","author":"M Ghebremichael","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghebremichael M. The syndromic versus laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in resource-limited settings. ISRN AIDS. 2014;2014:103452. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/103452\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"ISRN AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2130_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007273","volume":"19","author":"WuZ Yin Y-p","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yin Y-p WuZ, Lin C, Guan J, Wen Y, Li L, et al. Syndromic and laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection: a comparative study in China. Int J STD AIDS. 2008;19(6):381\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2130_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzazadeh A, Shokoohi M, Khajehkazemi R, Hosseini Hooshyar S, Karamouzian M, Fahimfar N, et al. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings from the 2010 and 2015 National Surveillance Surveys. In: Conference SIA, editor. 21st International AIDS Conference; Durban: 21st International AIDS Conference; 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1844-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"2130_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.120738","volume":"79","author":"S Sen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sen S. Syndromic management in the control of sexually transmitted infections: time for a relook. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2013;79(6):816.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2130_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(02)00058-0","volume":"36","author":"TA Farley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Farley TA, Cohen DA, Elkins W. Asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases: the case for screening. Prev Med. 2003;36(4):502\u20139.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2130_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825693f2","volume":"60","author":"TL Patterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patterson TL, Volkmann T, Gallardo M, Goldenberg S, Lozada R, Semple SJ, et al. Identifying the HIV transmission bridge: which men are having unsafe sex with female sex workers and with their own wives or steady partners? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(4):414.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"issue":"10","key":"2130_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70144-5","volume":"12","author":"CP C\u00e1rcamo","year":"2012","unstructured":"C\u00e1rcamo CP, Campos PE, Garc\u00eda PJ, Hughes JP, Garnett GP, Holmes KK, et al. Prevalences of sexually transmitted infections in young adults and female sex workers in Peru: a national population-based survey. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(10):765\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"2130_CR30","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004."},{"issue":"6","key":"2130_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkn041","volume":"8","author":"AG Lalkhen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lalkhen AG, McCluskey A. Clinical tests: sensitivity and specificity. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2008;8(6):221\u20133.","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"2130_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wariki W, Ota E, Mori R, Koyanagi A, Hori N, Shibuya K. Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012(2):No:CD005272.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005272.pub3"},{"issue":"8","key":"2130_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182755","volume":"12","author":"H Sharifi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharifi H, Karamouzian M, Baneshi MR, Shokoohi M, Haghdoost A, McFarland W, et al. Population size estimation of female sex workers in Iran: synthesis of methods and results. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(8):e0182755.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1589717911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2130-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The study was anonymous, and no identifying information was collected during recruitment, informed consent, interview, or STIs testing. A unique identification code was provided to participants to help link survey responses to their test results. Participants were able to receive their STIs test results, post-test counseling, and referrals from the local testing and counseling center by providing their unique identification code. FSWs were given 70,000 Rials (equal to\u2009~\u20092.5 USD) as an incentive for participating in the study and 30,000 Rials (equal to\u2009~\u20091 USD) if they returned to receive their test results. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Ethical Code: K\/93\/209).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}