{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:27:08Z","timestamp":1740122828839,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institutes of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32MH019985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH019985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30MH0522776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30MH0522776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U1B TS003252-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U1B TS003252-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T11:11:43Z","timestamp":1549451503000},"page":"1315-1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Network Properties Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Vary by Race"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3562-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meagan","family":"Zarwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2416_CR1","unstructured":"CDC. HIV Risk [Internet]. Lifetime Risk of HIV Diagnosis. 2016. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/2016\/croi-press-release-risk.html\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"2416_CR2","unstructured":"Hess K, Johnson AS, Hu X, Li J, Wu B, Yu C, et al. Diagnoses of HIV Infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2016. HIV Surveill Rep. 2016;2(28). \n                    http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/library\/reports\/hiv-surveillance.html\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"2416_CR3","unstructured":"Louisiana Department of Health. Louisiana HIV, AIDS, and Early Syphilis Surveillance. 2017;15(3). \n                    http:\/\/new.dhh.louisiana.gov\/assets\/oph\/HIVSTD\/HIV_Syphilis_Quarterly_Reports\/3rd_Quarter_2017_HIV_Syphilis_Report.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"2416_CR4","unstructured":"Center for HIV N, Hepatitis V, Prevention Division of HIV T, Prevention A. HIV in the Southern United States Strengthening Prevention and Care in the Nation\u2019s Most-Affected Region State of the HIV Epidemic in the South. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/policies\/cdc-hiv-in-the-south-issue-brief.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.031308.100310","volume":"30","author":"LF Berkman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berkman LF. Social epidemiology: social determinants of health in the United States: are we losing ground? Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30(1):27\u201341.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9596-4","volume":"15","author":"YA Amirkhanian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, Kabakchieva E, Antonova R, Vassileva S, DiFranceisco WJ, et al. High-risk sexual behavior, HIV\/STD prevalence, and risk predictors in the social networks of young roma (gypsy) men in Bulgaria. J Immigr Minor Heal. 2013;15(1):172\u201381.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Heal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000558","volume":"29","author":"YA Amirkhanian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, Takacs J, Mcauliffe TL, Kuznetsova AV, Toth TP, et al. Effects of a social network HIV\/STD prevention intervention for MSM in Russia and Hungary. AIDS. 2015;29(5):1.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"16","key":"2416_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000189867.74806.fb","volume":"19","author":"YA Amirkhanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, Kabakchieva E, Kirsanova AV, Vassileva S, Takacs J, et al. A randomized social network HIV prevention trial with young men who have sex with men in Russia and Bulgaria. AIDS. 2005;19(16):1897\u2013905.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.3.411","volume":"78","author":"SR Friedman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friedman SR, Aral S. Social networks, risk-potential networks, health, and disease. J Urban Health. 2001;78(3):411\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2010.22.6.483","volume":"22","author":"JA Kelly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kelly JA, Amirkhanian YA, Seal DW, Galletly CM, Difranceisco W, Glasman LR, et al. Levels and predictors of sexual HIV risk in social networks of men who have sex with men in the Midwest. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(6):483\u201395.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199812000-00016","volume":"12","author":"RB Rothenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rothenberg RB, Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth SQ, Darrow WW, Klovdahl AS. Social network dynamics and HIV transmission. AIDS. 1998;12(12):1529\u201336.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90302-6","volume":"38","author":"AS Klovdahl","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klovdahl AS, Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth JB, Muth SQ, Darrow WW. Social networks and infectious disease: the Colorado Springs Study. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38(1):79\u201388.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"s1","key":"2416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1086\/425280","volume":"191","author":"AA Adimora","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ. Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(s1):S115\u201322.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0194-4","volume":"11","author":"YA Amirkhanian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amirkhanian YA. Social networks, sexual networks and HIV risk in men who have sex with men. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2014;11(1):81\u201392.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1849-8","volume":"21","author":"MD Althoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Althoff MD, Theall K, Schmidt N, Hembling J, Gebrekristos HT, Thompson MM, et al. Social support networks and HIV\/STI risk behaviors among latino immigrants in a new receiving environment. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(12):3607\u201317.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036723","volume":"85","author":"DD Bohl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bohl DD, Raymond HF, Arnold M, McFarland W. Concurrent sexual partnerships and racial disparities in HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85(5):367\u20139.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00204-0","volume":"55","author":"AM Lovell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lovell AM. Risking risk: the influence of types of capital and social networks on the injection practices of drug users. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(5):803\u201321.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260903900309","volume":"39","author":"MJ Kirst","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirst MJ. Social capital and beyond: a qualitative analysis of social contextual and structural influences on drug-use related health behaviors. J Drug Issues. 2009;39(3):653\u201376.","journal-title":"J Drug Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199405000-00006","volume":"21","author":"C Latkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Latkin C, Mandell W, Oziemkowska M, Vlahov D, Celentano D. The relationships between sexual behavior, alcohol use, and personal network characteristics among injecting drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;21(3):161\u20137.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"K-H Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi K-H, Ayala G, Paul J, Boylan R, Gregorich S. Social network characteristics and HIV risk among African American, Asian\/Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men. Natl Inst Heal. 2013;64(5):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Natl Inst Heal"},{"key":"2416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001422","volume":"75","author":"HF Raymond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raymond HF, Al-Tayyib A, Neaigus A, Reilly KH, Braunstein S, Brady KA, et al. HIV among MSM and heterosexual women in the United States. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75:S276\u201380.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318270d3cb","volume":"61","author":"J Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider J, Michaels S, Bouris A. Family network proportion and HIV risk among black men who have sex with men. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(5):627\u201335.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2010.22.5.430","volume":"22","author":"J-A Carlos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carlos J-A, Bingham TA, Stueve A, Lauby J, Ayala G, Millett GA, et al. The role of peer support on condom use among Black and Latino MSM in three urban areas. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(5):430\u201344.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010355","volume":"80","author":"AMA Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith AMA, Grierson J, Wain D, Pitts M, Pattison P. Associations between the sexual behaviour of men who have sex with men and the structure and composition of their social networks. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(6):455\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"2416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134085","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134085","volume":"10","author":"H-V Tieu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tieu H-V, Liu T-Y, Hussen S, Connor M, Wang L, Buchbinder S, et al. Sexual networks and HIV risk among black men who have sex with men in 6 U.S. Cities. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0134085.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2015.0237","volume":"30","author":"H-V Tieu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tieu H-V, Nandi V, Hoover DR, Lucy D, Stewart K, Frye V, et al. Do Sexual networks of men who have sex with men in new york city differ by race\/ethnicity? AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2016;30(1):39\u201347.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9363-6","volume":"86","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mimiaga MJ, Reisner SL, Cranston K, Isenberg D, Bright D, Daffin G, et al. Sexual mixing patterns and partner characteristics of black MSM in Massachusetts at increased risk for HIV infection and transmission. J Urban Health. 2009;86(4):602\u201323.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2015.0122","volume":"3","author":"G Phillips","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phillips G, Birkett M, Hammond S, Mustanski B. Partner preference among men who have sex with men: potential contribution to spread of HIV within minority populations. LGBT Heal. 2016;3(3):225\u201332.","journal-title":"LGBT Heal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129877","volume":"10","author":"JA Grey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grey JA, Rothenberg RB, Sullivan PS, Rosenberg ES. Disassortative age-mixing does not explain differences in HIV prevalence between Young White and Black MSM: findings from four studies. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6):e0129877.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2012.24.5.431","volume":"24","author":"IW Holloway","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holloway IW, Traube DE, Kubicek K, Supan J, Weiss G, Kipke MD. HIV prevention service utilization in the Los Angeles House and Ball communities: past experiences and recommendations for the future. AIDS Educ Prev. 2012;24(5):431\u201344.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9610-6","volume":"14","author":"T Sanchez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanchez T, Finlayson T, Murrill C, Guilin V, Dean L. Risk behaviors and psychosocial stressors in the new york city house ball community: a comparison of men and transgender women who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(2):351\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.108936","volume":"98","author":"CS Murrill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murrill CS, Liu K-L, Guilin V, Col\u00f3n ER, Dean L, Buckley LA, et al. HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors in New York City\u2019s house ball community. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(6):1074\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2416_CR33","unstructured":"Zarwell M. Subgroups of men who have sex with men, social capital, and HIV risk behaviors. Dissertation. 2016. \n                    https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/openview\/aedc7d6b22498c95afb3b3c38f5907df\/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.901285","volume":"52","author":"SG Horne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horne SG, Levitt HM, Sweeney KK, Puckett JA, Hampton ML. African American gay family networks: an entry point for HIV prevention. J Sex Res. 2015;52(7):807\u201320.","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2416_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0836-6","volume":"18","author":"J Dickson-Gomez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dickson-Gomez J, Owczarzak J, St Lawrence J, Sitzler C, Quinn K, Pearson B, et al. Beyond the ball: implications for HIV risk and prevention among the constructed families of African American men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(11):2156\u201368.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2002.00374.x","volume":"64","author":"RF Oswald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oswald RF. Resilience within the family networks of lesbians and gay men: intentionality and redefinition. J Marriage Fam. 2002;64(2):374\u201383.","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2006.00330.x","volume":"68","author":"A Muraco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muraco A. Intentional families: fictive Kin Ties between cross-gender, different sexual orientation friends. J Marriage Fam. 2006;68(5):1313\u201325.","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0203-9","volume":"95","author":"MC Zarwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zarwell MC, Robinson WT. The influence of constructed family membership on HIV risk behaviors among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in New Orleans. J Urban Heal. 2018;95(2):179\u201387.","journal-title":"J Urban Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0227-9","volume":"17","author":"MD Kipke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kipke MD, Kubicek K, Supan J, Weiss G, Schrager S. Laying the groundwork for an HIV prevention intervention: a descriptive profile of the Los Angeles House and Ball communities. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(3):1068\u201381.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2011.637248","volume":"50","author":"K Kubicek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kubicek K, Beyer WH, McNeeley M, Weiss G, Omni LFTU, Kipke MD. Community-engaged research to identify house parent perspectives on support and risk within the House and Ball scene. J Sex Res. 2013;50(2):178\u201389.","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyt152","volume":"29","author":"IW Holloway","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holloway IW, Schrager SM, Wong CF, Dunlap SL, Kipke MD. Network correlates of sexual health advice seeking and substance use among members of the Los Angeles House and Ball communities. Health Educ Res. 2014;29(2):306\u201318.","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2416_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/10538720902772006","volume":"21","author":"EA Arnold","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arnold EA, Bailey MM. Constructing home and family: how the ballroom community supports African American GLBTQ youth in the face of HIV\/AIDS. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv. 2009;21(2\u20133):171\u201388.","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1180702","volume":"13","author":"EA Arnold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arnold EA, Sterrett-Hong E, Jonas A, Pollack LM. Social networks and social support among ball-attending African American men who have sex with men and transgender women are associated with HIV-related outcomes. Glob Public Health. 2018;13(2):144\u201358.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301543","volume":"104","author":"SM Schrager","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schrager SM, Latkin CA, Weiss G, Kubicek K, Kipke MD. High-risk sexual activity in the house and ball community: influence of social networks. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(2):326\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2416_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1774-x","volume":"21","author":"HM Levitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levitt HM, Sharon Horne BG, Darren Freeman-Coppadge B, Tangela Roberts B. HIV prevention in gay family and house networks: fostering self-determination and sexual safety. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(10):2973\u201386.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2416_CR46","volume-title":"Families we choose: lesbians, gays, and kinship","author":"Kath Weston","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weston Kath. Families we choose: lesbians, gays, and kinship. New York: Columbia University Press; 1991."},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v51n03_06","volume":"51","author":"CM Mosher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mosher CM, Levitt HM, Manley E. Layers of leather. J Homosex. 2006;51(3):93\u2013123.","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"2416_CR48","volume-title":"The bear handbook: a comprehensive guide for those who are husky, hairy and homosexual, and those who love\u2019em","author":"R Kampf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kampf R. The bear handbook: a comprehensive guide for those who are husky, hairy and homosexual, and those who love\u2019em. Philadelphia: Haworth Press; 2000."},{"key":"2416_CR49","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Bears on bears: interviews and discussions","author":"R Suresha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suresha R. Bears on bears: interviews and discussions. New York: Alyson Publications; 2002. p. 308."},{"key":"2416_CR50","volume-title":"The bear book: readings in the history and evolution of a gay male subculture","author":"L Wright","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wright L. The bear book: readings in the history and evolution of a gay male subculture. Abingdon: Routledge; 1997."},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/136910501750153003","volume":"3","author":"B Peacock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peacock B, Eyre SL, Quinn SC, Kegeles S. Delineating differences: sub-communities in the San Francisco gay community. Cult Health Sex. 2001;3(2):183\u2013201.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1027-9","volume":"19","author":"G Prestage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prestage G, Brown G, De Wit J, Bavinton B, Fairley C, Maycock B, et al. Understanding gay community subcultures: implications for HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(12):2224\u201333.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9636-9","volume":"15","author":"DA Moskowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moskowitz DA, Seal DW, Rintamaki L, Rieger G. HIV in the leather community: rates and risk-related behaviors. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(3):557\u201364.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1392131","volume":"66","author":"N Quidley-Rodriguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quidley-Rodriguez N, De Santis JP. A concept analysis of bear identity. J Homosex. 2019;66(1):60\u201376.","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988315624507","volume":"11","author":"N Quidley-Rodriguez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quidley-Rodriguez N, De Santis JP. A literature review of health risks in the bear community, a gay subculture. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(6):1673\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.963016","volume":"27","author":"SG Hosek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hosek SG, Lemos D, Hotton AL, Fernandez MI, Telander K, Footer D, et al. An HIV intervention tailored for black young men who have sex with men in the House Ball Community. AIDS Care. 2015;27(3):355\u201362.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/10538720.2015.988837","volume":"27","author":"D Lemos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lemos D, Hosek SG, Bell M. Reconciling reality with fantasy: exploration of the sociocultural factors influencing HIV transmission among Black young men who have sex with men (BYMSM) within the House Ball Community: a Chicago study. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv. 2015;27(1):64\u201385.","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyt152","volume":"29","author":"IW Holloway","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holloway IW, Schrager SM, Wong CF, Dunlap SL, Kipke MD. Network correlates of sexual health advice seeking and substance use among members of the Los Angeles House and Ball communities. Health Educ Res. 2014;29(2):306\u201318.","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2416_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2017.1293123","volume":"12","author":"K Telander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Telander K, Hosek SG, Lemos D, Jeremie-Brink G. \u2018Ballroom itself can either make you or break you\u2019\u2014Black GBT Youths\u2019 psychosocial development in the House Ball Community. Glob Public Health. 2017;12(11):1391\u2013403.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.108936","volume":"98","author":"CS Murrill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murrill CS, Liu K, Guilin V, Col\u00f3n ER, Dean L, Buckley LA, et al. HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors in New York City\u2019s House Ball Community. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(6):1074\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2416_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.12.009","volume":"174","author":"LE Young","year":"2017","unstructured":"Young LE, Jonas AB, Michaels S, Jackson JD, Pierce ML, Schneider JA, et al. Social-structural properties and HIV prevention among young men who have sex with men in the ballroom house and independent gay family communities. Soc Sci Med. 2017;174:26\u201334.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2416_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001124","volume":"8","author":"CH Logie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Logie CH, James L, Tharao W, Loutfy MR. HIV, gender, race, sexual orientation, and sex work: a qualitative study of intersectional stigma experienced by HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. PLoS Med. 2011;8(11):e1001124.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0082","volume":"4","author":"V Chakrapani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakrapani V, Vijin PP, Logie CH, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Sivasubramanian M, et al. Understanding how sexual and gender minority stigmas influence depression among trans women and men who have sex with men in India. LGBT Heal. 2017;4(3):217\u201326.","journal-title":"LGBT Heal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001519","volume":"76","author":"JE Pachankis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Berg RC, Fern\u00e1ndez-D\u00e1vila P, Mirandola M, Marcus U, et al. Anti-LGBT and anti-immigrant structural stigma. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;76(4):356\u201366.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2016.1216604","volume":"19","author":"CM Parker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker CM, Garcia J, Philbin MM, Wilson PA, Parker RG, Hirsch JS. Social risk, stigma and space: key concepts for understanding HIV vulnerability among black men who have sex with men in New York City. Cult Health Sex. 2017;19(3):323\u201337.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2416_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000327436.36161.80","volume":"22","author":"CF C\u00e1ceres","year":"2008","unstructured":"C\u00e1ceres CF, Aggleton P, Galea JT. Sexual diversity, social inclusion and HIV\/AIDS. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 2):S35\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181cb433b","volume":"16","author":"RK Shrestha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shrestha RK, Sansom SL, Kimbrough L, Hutchinson AB, Daltry D, Maldonado W, et al. Cost-effectiveness of using social networks to identify undiagnosed HIV infection among minority populations. J Public Heal Manag Pract. 2010;16(5):457\u201364.","journal-title":"J Public Heal Manag Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.139329","volume":"99","author":"LW Kimbrough","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kimbrough LW, Fisher HE, Jones KT, Johnson W, Thadiparthi S, Dooley S. Accessing social networks with high rates of undiagnosed HIV infection: the social networks demonstration project. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(6):1093\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2416_CR69","first-page":"42","volume":"113","author":"RS Broadhead","year":"1998","unstructured":"Broadhead RS, Heckathorn DD, Weakliem DL, Anthony DL, Madray H, Mills RJ, et al. Harnessing peer networks as an instrument for AIDS prevention: results from a peer-driven intervention. Public Health Rep. 1998;113(Suppl 1):42\u201357.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00005","volume":"159","author":"SD Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young SD, Cumberland WG, Lee S-J, Jaganath D, Szekeres G, Coates T. Social networking technologies as an emerging tool for HIV prevention: a cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(5):318\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"2416_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000221018.32533.6d","volume":"33","author":"TW Valente","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valente TW, Fosados R. Diffusion of innovations and network segmentation: the part played by people in promoting health. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(7 Suppl):S23\u201331.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2416_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.10.034","volume":"196","author":"I Kawachi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawachi I, Subramanian SV. Social epidemiology for the 21st century. Soc Sci Med. 2018;196:240\u20135.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0208781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208781","volume":"13","author":"M Zarwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zarwell M, Robinson WT. Development of a social capital scale for constructed families of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(12):e0208781.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2416_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2018.1563912","volume":"1","author":"M Zarwell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zarwell M, Ransome Y, Barak N, Gruber D, Robinson WT. PrEP indicators, social capital, and social group memberships among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Cult Health Sex. 2019;1:1. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13691058.2018.1563912\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex."},{"key":"2416_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1527007","author":"SA Hussen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussen SA, Jones M, Moore S, Hood J, Smith JC, Camacho-Gonzalez A, et al. Brothers building brothers by breaking barriers: development of a\u00a0resilience-building social capital intervention for young black gay and\u00a0bisexual\u00a0men living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2019. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2018.1527007\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036250","volume":"7","author":"AJ O\u2019Malley","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley AJ, Arbesman S, Steiger DM, Fowler JH, Christakis NA. Egocentric social network structure, health, and pro-social behaviors in a national panel study of Americans. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e36250.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2416_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a2338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2338","volume":"337","author":"JH Fowler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fowler JH, Christakis NA. Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20\u00a0years in the Framingham Heart Study. BMJ. 2008;337:a2338.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X06299133","volume":"19","author":"B Wellman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wellman B. Challenges in collecting personal network data: the nature of personal network analysis. Field Methods. 2007;19(2):111\u20135.","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"21","key":"2416_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0706154","volume":"358","author":"NA Christakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(21):2249\u201358.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa066082","volume":"357","author":"NA Christakis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(4):370\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2416_CR81","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Social capital and Health","author":"C Lakon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lakon C, Godette DHJ. Network-based approaches for measuring social capital. In: Kawachi I, Subramanian SVKD, editors. Social capital and Health. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 63."}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T11:59:41Z","timestamp":1589716781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02416-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1090-7165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-3254"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number 1U1B TS003252-004 from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by grants P30MH0522776 and T32MH019985 from the National Institute of Mental Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the findings reported have not been previously published and that the manuscript is not being simultaneously submitted elsewhere. This study was submitted and approved through the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center\u2019s and Louisiana Department of Health\u2019s Institutional Review Board. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}