{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:42:38Z","timestamp":1776908558727,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health Research","award":["MR\/R022372\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R022372\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000279","name":"Nuffield Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CPF\/41513; OPD\/31598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPF\/41513; OPD\/31598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007936","name":"International AIDS Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["155-Hod; 2018\/625-TOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["155-Hod; 2018\/625-TOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001337","name":"Claude Leon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["F08 559\/C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F08 559\/C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"South African National Department of Social Development","award":["27\/2011\/11 HIV AND AIDS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27\/2011\/11 HIV AND AIDS"]}]},{"name":"Health Economics and HIV\/AIDS Research Division (HEARD) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal","award":["R14304\/AA002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R14304\/AA002"]}]},{"name":"South African National Research Foundation","award":["RES-062-23-2068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES-062-23-2068"]}]},{"name":"Evidence for HIV Prevention in Southern Africa"},{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V."},{"name":"University of Oxford's ESRC Impact Acceleration Account","award":["K1311-KEA-004 & 1602-KEA-189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K1311-KEA-004 & 1602-KEA-189"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council, U.K.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IAA-MT13- 003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IAA-MT13- 003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004789","name":"John Fell Fund, University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103\/757 & 161\/033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103\/757 & 161\/033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PLP-2014-095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PLP-2014-095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UNICEF ESARO"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001275","name":"Oak Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R46194\/AA001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R46194\/AA001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-LA-13-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-LA-13-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to sexual risk in early adolescence strongly predicts HIV infection, yet evidence for prevention in young adolescents is limited. We pooled data from two longitudinal South African surveys, with adolescents unexposed to sexual risk at baseline (n\u2009=\u20093662). Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between intermittent\/consistent access to eight provisions and reduced sexual risk exposure. Participants were on average 12.8\u00a0years, 56% female at baseline. Between baseline and follow-up, 8.6% reported sexual risk exposure. Consistent access to caregiver supervision (OR 0.53 95%CI 0.35\u20130.80 p\u2009=\u20090.002), abuse-free homes (OR 0.55 95%CI 0.37\u20130.81 p\u2009=\u20090.002), school feeding (OR 0.55 95%CI 0.35\u20130.88 p\u2009=\u20090.012), and HIV prevention knowledge (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.21\u20130.88 p\u2009=\u20090.021) was strongly associated with preventing early sexual risk exposure. While individual factors reduced the odds of sexual risk exposure, a combination of all four resulted in a greater reduction, from 12.9% (95%CI 7.2\u201318.7) to 1.0% (95%CI 0.2\u20131.8). Consistent access to provisions in early adolescence may prevent sexual risk exposure among younger adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T07:02:46Z","timestamp":1574233366000},"page":"903-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Consistent Provisions Mitigate Exposure to Sexual Risk and HIV Among Young Adolescents in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elona","family":"Toska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Campeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Cluver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Mark","family":"Orkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKenzie N.","family":"Berezin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Sherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Laurenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Bachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2735_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS JUNP on H. 2017 Global Hiv Statistics - Fact Sheet [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2018. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf."},{"key":"2735_CR2","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). The Fifth South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2017: HIV Impact Assessment Summary Report. Cape Town, South Africa; 2018."},{"key":"2735_CR3","volume-title":"South African National HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012","author":"O Shisana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shisana O, Rehle TM, Simbayi LC, Zuma K, Jooste S, Zungu NP, et al. South African National HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. Cape Town: HSRC Press; 2014."},{"key":"2735_CR4","unstructured":"UNDESA. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. 2017."},{"key":"2735_CR5","unstructured":"UNICEF. For Every Child, End AIDS - Seventh Stocktaking Report, 2016 [Internet]. New York, USA; 2016. www.childrenandaids.org."},{"issue":"6","key":"2735_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03542.x","volume":"11","author":"A. D. Kirk","year":"2011","unstructured":"UNAIDS JUNP on H. Miles To Go: Closing Gaps, Breaking Barriers, Righting Injustices [Internet]. Global AIDS Update. Geneva, Switzerland; 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03542.x.","journal-title":"American Journal of Transplantation"},{"issue":"14","key":"2735_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000183129.16830.06","volume":"19","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pettifor A, Rees H, Kleinschmidt I, Steffenson A, MacPhail C, Hlongwa-Madikizela L, et al. Young people\u2019s sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey. AIDS. 2005;19(14):1525\u201334.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"2735_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182080860","volume":"38","author":"AE Steffenson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steffenson AE, Pettifor AE, Seage GR 3rd, Rees HV, Cleary PD. Concurrent sexual partnerships and human immunodeficiency virus risk among South African youth. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38:459\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182080860.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2735_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115290","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115290","volume":"10","author":"SJS Pascoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pascoe SJS, Langhaug LF, Mavhu W, Hargreaves JR, Jaffar S, Hayes RJ, et al. Poverty, food insufficiency and HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young rural Zimbabwean women. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0115290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115290.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2735_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000285","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000285","volume":"2","author":"H Wand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wand H, Ramjee G. The relationship between age of coital debut and HIV seroprevalence among women in Durban, South Africa: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000285.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2735_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a866b8","volume":"36","author":"M Ghebremichael","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghebremichael M, Larsen U, Paintsil E. Association of age at first sex with HIV-1, HSV-2 and other sexual transmitted infections among women in northern Tanzania. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36:570.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2735_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2012.011361","volume":"23","author":"AF Rositch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rositch AF, Cherutich P, Brentlinger P, Kiarie JN, Nduati R, Farquhar C. HIV infection and sexual partnerships and behaviour among adolescent girls in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. 2012;23:468\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2012.011361.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"2735_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12043","author":"H St\u00f6ckl","year":"2013","unstructured":"St\u00f6ckl H, Kalra N, Jacobi J, Watts C. Is early sexual debut a risk factor for HIV infection among women in Sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12043.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2735_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-7-6","volume":"7","author":"J Wamoyi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wamoyi J, Fenwick A, Urassa M, Zaba B, Stones W. Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health in rural Tanzania : implications for young people \u2019 s sexual health interventions. Reprod Health. 2010;7(1):6.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2735_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001866","volume":"32","author":"K Kilburn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kilburn K, Ranganathan M, Stoner MCD, Hughes JP, MacPhail C, Agyei Y, et al. Transactional sex and incident HIV infection in a cohort of young women from rural South Africa. AIDS. 2018;32:1669.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"2735_CR16","volume-title":"Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-Saharan Africa","author":"N Luke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Luke N, Kurz K. Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: DC Int Cent Res Women; 2002."},{"key":"2735_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14089","volume":"12","author":"E Toska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toska E, Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Pantelic M, Kuo C. From, \u201csugar daddies\u201d to \u201csugar babies\u201d: quantitatively testing the pathway between inequitable sexual relationships, condom use, and adolescent pregnancy in South Africa. Sex Health. 2015;12:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Sex Health."},{"key":"2735_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13933","volume":"27","author":"RLT Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee RLT, Yuen Loke A, Hung TTM, Sobel H. A systematic review on identifying risk factors associated with early sexual debut and coerced sex among adolescents and young people in communities. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27:478\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.13933.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2735_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4039-8","volume":"17","author":"IS Speizer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Speizer IS, Guilkey D, Calhoun LM, Corroon M, O\u2019Hara R. Examination of youth sexual and reproductive health transitions in Nigeria and Kenya using longitudinal data. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4039-8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2735_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s002193201800010x","author":"C Odimegwu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Odimegwu C, Somefun OD, Chisumpa VH. Regional differences in positive sexual behaviour among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s002193201800010x.","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci."},{"key":"2735_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198657","volume":"13","author":"N Fetene","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fetene N, Mekonnen W. The prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among youth center reproductive health clinics users and non-users in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198657.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2735_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000669","author":"B Robert Dlamini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robert Dlamini B, Mabuza P, Masangane Z, Silindza T, Dlamini M, Dlamini P. The HIV and sexual reproductive health status of young people in Swaziland: the rationale for focused youth investment. J AIDS Clin Res. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-6113.1000669.","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"2735_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.007","volume":"48","author":"H Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho H, Hallfors DD, Mbai II, Itindi J, Milimo BW, Halpern CT, et al. Keeping adolescent orphans in school to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya. J Adolesc Health. 2011;48:523\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.007.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."},{"key":"2735_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0284-7","volume":"14","author":"C Odimegwu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Odimegwu C, Somefun OD. Ethnicity, gender and risky sexual behaviour among Nigeria youth: an alternative explanation. Reprod Health. 2017;14:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-017-0284-7.","journal-title":"Reprod Health."},{"key":"2735_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196041","volume":"13","author":"JR Glynn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glynn JR, Sunny BS, DeStavola B, Dube A, Chihana M, Price AJ, et al. Early school failure predicts teenage pregnancy and marriage: a large population-based cohort study in northern Malawi. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196041.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2735_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28454","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.28454","volume":"8","author":"L Pretorius","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pretorius L, Gibbs A, Crankshaw T, Willan S. Interventions targeting sexual and reproductive health and rights outcomes of young people living with HIV: a comprehensive review of current interventions from sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Action. 2015;8:28454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/gha.v8.28454.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action."},{"key":"2735_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2048-z","volume":"15","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pettifor A, Lippman SA, Selin AM, Peacock D, Gottert A, Maman S, et al. A cluster randomized-controlled trial of a community mobilization intervention to change gender norms and reduce HIV risk in rural South Africa: study design and intervention. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2048-z.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2735_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2016.1194299","volume":"15","author":"E Toska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toska E, Gittings L, Hodes R, Cluver L, Govender K, Chademana E, et al. Resourcing resilience: social protection for HIV prevention amongst children and adolescents in Eastern and Southern Africa. African J AIDS Res. 2016;15(2):123\u201340.","journal-title":"African J AIDS Res"},{"key":"2735_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178106","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178106","volume":"12","author":"E Toska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toska E, Pantelic M, Meinck F, Keck K, Haghighat R, Cluver L. Sex in the shadow of HIV: a systematic review of prevalence rates, risk factors and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0178106.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2735_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-60","volume":"7","author":"IF Sand\u00f8y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sand\u00f8y IF, Michelo C, Siziya S, Fylkesnes K. Associations between sexual behaviour change in young people and decline in HIV prevalence in Zambia. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:60.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2735_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S278","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000242","volume":"66","author":"DL Kincaid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kincaid DL, Babalola S, Figueroa ME. HIV communication programs, condom use at sexual debut, and HIV infections averted in South Africa, 2005. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:S278\u201384.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"key":"2735_CR32","unstructured":"UNAIDS. GLOBAL REPORT: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Unaids. 2013. JC2502\/1\/E"},{"key":"2735_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.18.2.19434","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pettifor A, Nguyen NL, Celum C, Cowan FM, Go V, Hightow-Weidman L. Tailored combination prevention packages and PrEP for young key populations. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/ias.18.2.19434.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc."},{"key":"2735_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000938","volume":"72","author":"LD Cluver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cluver LD, Orkin FM, Yakubovich AR, Sherr L. Combination social protection for reducing HIV-risk behavior amongst adolescents in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72:96\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000938.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2735_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19833","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.2.19833","volume":"18","author":"S Delany-Moretlwe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delany-Moretlwe S, Cowan FM, Busza J, Bolton-Moore C, Kelley K, Fairlie L. Providing comprehensive health services for young key populations: needs, barriers and gaps. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18:19833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/IAS.18.2.19833.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc."},{"key":"2735_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.011","volume":"61","author":"C Lane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lane C, Brundage CL, Kreinin T. Why we must invest in early adolescence: early intervention, lasting impact. J Adolesc Health. 2017;61:S10\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.011.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2735_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.02.007","volume":"49","author":"SMN Mavedzenge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mavedzenge SMN, Doyle AM, Ross DA. HIV prevention in young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Adolesc Health. 2011;49:568\u201386.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2735_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e362","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70115-3","volume":"1","author":"LD Cluver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Orkin MF, Pantelic M, Molwena T, Sherr L. Child-focused state cash transfers and adolescent risk of HIV infection in South Africa: a propensity-score-matched case-control study. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1:e362\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70115-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2735_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000539","volume":"3","author":"L Cluver","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cluver L, et al. Parenting for Lifelong Health: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;3:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000539.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2735_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1539-y","author":"E Toska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toska E, Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Isaacsohn M, Hodes R, Sherr L. School, supervision and adolescent-sensitive clinic care: combination social protection and reduced unprotected sex among HIV-positive adolescents in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-016-1539-y.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2735_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25056","volume":"21","author":"L Cluver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cluver L, Pantelic M, Orkin M, Toska E, Medley S, Sherr L. Sustainable Survival for adolescents living with HIV: do SDG-aligned provisions reduce potential mortality risk. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21:4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25056.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc."},{"key":"2735_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy101","volume":"148","author":"LM Richter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richter LM, Orkin FM, Roman GD, Dahly DL, Horta BL, Bhargava SK, et al. Comparative models of biological and social pathways to predict child growth through age 2\u00a0years from birth cohorts in Brazil, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. J Nutr. 2018;148:1364\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxy101.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2735_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216308094102","volume":"22","author":"JT Van der Steen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Steen JT, Kruse RL, Szafara KL, Mehr DR, van der Wal G, Ribbe MW, et al. Benefits and pitfalls of pooling datasets from comparable observational studies: combining US and Dutch nursing home studies. Palliat Med. 2008;22:750\u20139.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"2735_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frick PJ. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. 1991.","DOI":"10.1037\/t58031-000"},{"key":"2735_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.825368","volume":"26","author":"JM Lachman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lachman JM, Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Kuo C, Casale M. Positive parenting for positive parents: HIV\/AIDS, poverty, caregiver depression, child behavior, and parenting in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2014;26:304\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2013.825368.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2735_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205860","author":"F Meinck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meinck F, Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Loening-Voysey H. Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children in South Africa: incidence, prevalence, perpetrators, and locations. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2015-205860.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2735_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/0376835X.2013.853610","volume":"31","author":"N Branson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Branson N, Hofmeyr C, Lam D. Progress through school and the determinants of school dropout in South Africa. Dev South Afr. 2014;31:106\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0376835X.2013.853610.","journal-title":"Dev South Afr."},{"key":"2735_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2307\/2531779","volume":"45","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Jovanovic B, Lemeshow S. Best subsets logistic regression. Biometrics. 1989;45:1265\u201370.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2735_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30032-3","volume":"6","author":"CJ Colvin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colvin CJ. Strategies for engaging men in HIV services. Lancet HIV. 2019;6(3):e141\u2013204.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"key":"2735_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5789-7","volume":"18","author":"I Birdthistle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birdthistle I, Schaffnit SB, Kwaro D, Shahmanesh M, Ziraba A, Kabiru CW, et al. Evaluating the impact of the DREAMS partnership to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in four settings: a study protocol. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5789-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2735_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660325","author":"S Sa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sa S, Aa M, Saul J, Motsa-Nzuza N, Kwesigabo G, Buluma R, et al. Prevalence of sexual violence against children and use of social services - seven countries, 2007-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2660267.2660325.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2735_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70363-3","volume":"14","author":"ED Lowenthal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lowenthal ED, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Marukutira T, Chapman J, Goldrath K, Ferrand RA. Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:627\u201339.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"2735_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03005.x","author":"AM Doyle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doyle AM, Mavedzenge SN, Plummer ML, Ross DA. The sexual behaviour of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns and trends from national surveys. Trop Med Int Health. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03005.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health."}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:44:22Z","timestamp":1605746662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02735-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}