{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1770725345949,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD013563 and R01MD012421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD013563 and R01MD012421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD012393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD012393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MD013770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MD013770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31MD015234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31MD015234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD013563-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD013563-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1611129771000},"page":"2252-2258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Latent Class Analysis of Syndemic Factors Associated with Sustained Viral Suppression among Ryan White HIV\/AIDS Program Clients in Miami, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahel","family":"Dawit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Trepka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Semiu O.","family":"Gbadamosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia B.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sikeade O.","family":"Caleb-Adepoju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Ladner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"3153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001164","volume":"30","author":"H Bradley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradley H, Mattson CL, Beer L, Huang P, Shouse RL. Increased antiretroviral therapy prescription and HIV viral suppression among persons receiving clinical care for HIV infection. AIDS. 2016;30(13):2117\u201324.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"3153_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6811e1","volume":"68","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Purcell DW, Sansom SL, Hayes D, Hall HI. Vital signs: HIV transmission along the continuum of care\u2014United States, 2016. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(11):267\u201371.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"48","key":"3153_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6848e1","volume":"68","author":"NS Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris NS, Johnson AS, Huang Y-LA, Kern D, Fulton P, Smith DK, et al. Vital signs: status of human immunodeficiency virus testing, viral suppression, and HIV preexposure prophylaxis\u2014United States, 2013\u20132018. Morb Mort Week Rep. 2019;68(48):1117\u201323.","journal-title":"Morb Mort Week Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3153_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3281532ca7","volume":"21","author":"AA Benzie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Benzie AA, Bansi LK, Sabin CA, Portsmouth S, Hill T, Johnson M, et al. Increased duration of viral suppression is associated with lower viral rebound rates in patients with previous treatment failures. AIDS. 2007;21(11):1423\u201330.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"3153_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200308150-00003","volume":"17","author":"A Mocroft","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mocroft A, Ruiz L, Reiss P, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Lazzarin A, et al. Virological rebound after suppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2003;17(12):1741\u201351.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"3153_CR6","first-page":"779","volume":"50","author":"GK Robbins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robbins GK, Johnson KL, Chang Y, Jackson KE, Sax PE, Meigs JB, et al. Predicting virologic failure in an HIV clinic. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(5):779\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"3153_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw418","volume":"63","author":"N Crepaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crepaz N, Tang T, Marks G, Mugavero MJ, Espinoza L, Hall HI. Durable viral suppression and transmission risk potential among persons with diagnosed HIV infection: United States, 2012\u20132013. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):976\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3153_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2003.17.4.423","volume":"17","author":"M Singer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singer M, Clair S. Syndemics and public health: Reconceptualizing disease in bio-social context. Med Anthropol Q. 2003;17(4):423\u201341.","journal-title":"Med Anthropol Q"},{"issue":"8","key":"3153_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.05.012","volume":"63","author":"MC Singer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Singer MC, Erickson PI, Badiane L, Diaz R, Ortiz D, Abraham T, et al. Syndemics, sex and the city: understanding sexually transmitted diseases in social and cultural context. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(8):2010\u201321.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3153_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-014-9895-2","volume":"91","author":"PA Wilson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilson PA, Nanin J, Amesty S, Wallace S, Cherenack EM, Fullilove R. Using syndemic theory to understand vulnerability to HIV infection among Black and Latino men in New York City. J Urban Health. 2014;91(5):983\u201398.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3153_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9670-1","volume":"39","author":"AC Robinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson AC, Knowlton AR, Gielen AC, Gallo JJ. Substance use, mental illness, and familial conflict non-negotiation among HIV-positive African-Americans: latent class regression and a new syndemic framework. J Behav Med. 2016;39(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"3153_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181605b26","volume":"47","author":"J Walkup","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walkup J, Blank MB, Gonzalez JS, Safren S, Schwartz R, Brown L, et al. The impact of mental health and substance abuse factors on HIV prevention and treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;47:S15\u20139.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3153_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0020","volume":"27","author":"K Thakarar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thakarar K, Morgan JR, Gaeta JM, Hohl C, Drainoni M-L. Homelessness, HIV, and incomplete viral suppression. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2016;27(1):145\u201356.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"S4","key":"3153_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304689","volume":"108","author":"P Mandsager","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mandsager P, Marier A, Cohen S, Fanning M, Hauck H, Cheever LW. Reducing HIV-related health disparities in the health resources and services administration\u2019s ryan white HIV\/AIDS program. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(S4):S246\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"3153_CR15","unstructured":"Health Resource and service Adminstration. About the Ryan White HIV\/AIDS Program 2018 2018 https:\/\/hab.hrsa.gov\/about-ryan-white-hivaids-program\/about-ryan-white-hivaids-program"},{"key":"3153_CR16","unstructured":"Health Resource and Service Adminstration. Ryan White HIV\/AIDS Program Services Report 2017 2017 https:\/\/hab.hrsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/hab\/data\/datareports\/RWHAP-annual-client-level-data-report-2017.pdf"},{"key":"3153_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00237","volume":"5","author":"CM Cleland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cleland CM, Lanza ST, Vasilenko SA, Gwadz M. Syndemic risk classes and substance use problems among adults in high-risk urban areas: a latent class analysis. Front Public Health. 2017;5:237.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3153_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6704a2","volume":"67","author":"N Crepaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crepaz N, Dong X, Wang X, Hernandez AL, Hall HI. Racial and ethnic disparities in sustained viral suppression and transmission risk potential among persons receiving HIV care\u2014United States, 2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(4):113\u20138.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3153_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","volume":"6","author":"G Schwarz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Stat. 1978;6(2):461\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"issue":"11","key":"3153_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2015.0113","volume":"29","author":"PA Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan PA, Rose J, Maher J, Benben S, Pfeiffer K, Almonte A, et al. A latent class analysis of risk factors for acquiring HIV among men who have sex with men: implications for implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis programs. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2015;29(11):597\u2013605.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"issue":"9","key":"3153_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227","volume":"33","author":"RH Remien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Remien RH, Stirratt MJ, Nguyen N, Robbins RN, Pala AN, Mellins CA. Mental health and HIV\/AIDS: the need for an integrated response. AIDS. 2019;33(9):1411\u201320.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"3153_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0B013E31822D490A","volume":"58","author":"JS Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzalez JS, Batchelder AW, Psaros C, Safren SA. Depression and HIV\/AIDS treatment nonadherence: a review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58(2):181\u20137.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3153_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204494","volume":"69","author":"AA Krumme","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krumme AA, Kaigamba F, Binagwaho A, Murray MB, Rich ML, Franke MF. Depression, adherence and attrition from care in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy. J Epidemiol Comm Health. 2015;69(3):284\u20139.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Comm Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3153_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1584-6","volume":"21","author":"B Hartzler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartzler B, Dombrowski JC, Crane HM, Eron JJ, Geng EH, Mathews WC, et al. Prevalence and predictors of substance use disorders among HIV care enrollees in the United States. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(4):1138\u201348.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"3153_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b18b6e","volume":"52","author":"CS Hendershot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hendershot CS, Stoner SA, Pantalone DW, Simoni JM. Alcohol use and antiretroviral adherence: review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(2):180\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"9","key":"3153_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit427","volume":"57","author":"JP Meyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meyer JP, Althoff AL, Altice FL. Optimizing care for HIV-infected people who use drugs: evidence-based approaches to overcoming healthcare disparities. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(9):1309\u201317.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3153_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002183","volume":"13","author":"Z Shubber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shubber Z, Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Vreeman R, Freitas M, Bock P, et al. Patient-reported barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002183.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3153_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0656-0","volume":"18","author":"RH Remien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Remien RH, Dolezal C, Wagner GJ, Goggin K, Wilson IB, Gross R, et al. The association between poor antiretroviral adherence and unsafe sex: differences by gender and sexual orientation and implications for scale-up of treatment as prevention. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(8):1541\u20137.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"S1","key":"3153_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2014.0278","volume":"29","author":"KA Sullivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sullivan KA, Messer LC, Quinlivan EB. Substance abuse, violence, and HIV\/AIDS (SAVA) syndemic effects on viral suppression among HIV positive women of color. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2015;29(S1):S42\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"issue":"4","key":"3153_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0890-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Mizuno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mizuno Y, Purcell DW, Knowlton AR, Wilkinson JD, Gourevitch MN, Knight KR. Syndemic vulnerability, sexual and injection risk behaviors, and HIV continuum of care outcomes in HIV-positive injection drug users. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(4):684\u201393.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"3153_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.189","volume":"8","author":"MM Jones","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jones MM. Does race matter in addressing homelessness? A review of the literature. World Med Health Policy. 2016;8(2):139\u201356.","journal-title":"World Med Health Policy"},{"issue":"13","key":"3153_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3171","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003171","volume":"95","author":"L Beer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beer L, Mattson CL, Bradley H, Skarbinski J. Understanding cross-sectional racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in antiretroviral use and viral suppression among HIV patients in the United States. Medicine. 2016;95(13):e3171.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3153_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182894555","volume":"63","author":"D Muthulingam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muthulingam D, Chin J, Hsu L, Scheer S, Schwarcz S. Disparities in engagement in care and viral suppression among persons with HIV. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(1):112\u20139.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3153_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2016.0197","volume":"31","author":"DM Sheehan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheehan DM, Fennie KP, Mauck DE, Maddox LM, Lieb S, Trepka MJ. Retention in HIV care and viral suppression: individual-and neighborhood-level predictors of racial\/ethnic differences, Florida, 2015. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2017;31(4):167\u201375.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:24:47Z","timestamp":1622431487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-020-03153-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the view of the National Institute of Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Florida International University Institutional Review Board, which waived the requirement for informed consent given the use of retrospective anonymized data in this non-interventional study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Informed Consent"}}]}}