{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:46:15Z","timestamp":1789562775144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA041901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA041901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31MH123020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31MH123020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:03:47Z","timestamp":1642032227000},"page":"2055-2066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Relationship Between Harmful Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Non-adherence in People Accessing HIV Treatment in Cape Town, South Africa: An Event-Level Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Belus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzhou","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"De Los Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Joska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena S.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica F.","family":"Magidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3552_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. South Africa [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica"},{"key":"3552_CR2","unstructured":"South African National AIDS Council. South Africa\u2019s National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB, and STIs: 2017\u20132022. Pretoria, South Africa; 2017."},{"key":"3552_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-011-0093-5","volume":"8","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Barinas J, O\u2019Cleirigh C. Substance Use: Impact on adherence and HIV medical treatment. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2011;8:233.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3552_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125088","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125088","volume":"10","author":"R Kader","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kader R, Govender R, Seedat S, Koch JR, Parry C. Understanding the impact of hazardous and harmful use of alcohol and\/or other drugs on ARV adherence and disease progression. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0125088.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"3552_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000171937.87731.28","volume":"29","author":"RS Braithwaite","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braithwaite RS, McGinnis KA, Conigliaro J, et al. A temporal and dose-response association between alcohol consumption and medication adherence among veterans in care. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29(7):1190\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.alc.0000171937.87731.28.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"3552_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1681","volume":"159","author":"MC Reid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reid MC, Fiellin DA, O\u2019Connor PG. Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in primary care. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(15):1681\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3552_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b18b6e","volume":"52","author":"CS Hendershot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hendershot CS, Stoner SA, Pantalone DW, Simoni JM. Alcohol use and antiretroviral adherence: Review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(2):180.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3552_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416660016","volume":"28","author":"D Huis in t\u2019 Veld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huis in t\u2019 Veld D, Pengpid S, Colebunders R, Skaal L, Peltzer K. High-risk alcohol use and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors in patients with HIV infection in three primary health care clinics in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;28(7):651\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"3552_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2364-2","author":"JF Magidson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magidson JF, Fatch R, Orrell C, et al. Biomarker-measured unhealthy alcohol use in relation to CD4 count among individuals starting ART in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Behav. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2364-2.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"3552_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2019.v109i10.13586","volume":"109","author":"CD Parry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parry CD, Londani M, Shuper PA, et al. Characteristics and drinking behaviour of patients on antiretroviral therapy who drink and attend HIV clinics in Tshwane, South Africa: implications for intervention. S Afr Med J. 2019;109(10):784\u201391.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"3552_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03263-3","author":"B Myers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Myers B, Lombard C, Joska JA, et al. Associations between patterns of alcohol use and viral load suppression amongst women living with HIV in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03263-3.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-00963-7","volume":"20","author":"G-M Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos G-M, Strathdee SA, El-Bassel N, et al. Psychometric properties of measures of substance use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reliability, validity and diagnostic test accuracy. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):106.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"21","key":"3552_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20063","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020063","volume":"99","author":"A Mboup","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mboup A, B\u00e9hanzin L, Gu\u00e9dou F, et al. Comparison of adherence measurement tools used in a pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration study among female sex workers in Benin. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(21):e20063.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02716-0","volume":"24","author":"J Velloza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Velloza J, Kemp CG, Aunon FM, Ramaiya MK, Creegan E, Simoni JM. Alcohol use and antiretroviral therapy non-adherence among adults living with HIV\/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(6):1727\u201342.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-020-00004-w","volume":"1","author":"JF Magidson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magidson JF, Joska JA, Myers B, et al. Project Khanya: a randomized, hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of a peer-delivered behavioral intervention for ART adherence and substance use in Cape Town, South Africa. Implement Sci Commun. 2020;1(1):23.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh099","volume":"39","author":"A McKinney","year":"2004","unstructured":"McKinney A, Coyle K. Next day effects of a normal night\u2019s drinking on memory and psychomotor performance. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004;39(6):509\u201313.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh226","volume":"41","author":"A McKinney","year":"2006","unstructured":"McKinney A, Coyle K. Alcohol hangover effects on measures of affect the morning after a normal night\u2019s drinking. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006;41(1):54\u201360.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"3552_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105316643375","author":"LS Andersen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersen LS, Magidson JF, O\u2019Cleirigh C, et al. A pilot study of a nurse-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (Ziphamandla) for adherence and depression in HIV. J Health Psychol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105316643375.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708090012","volume":"15","author":"SP Woods","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woods SP, Dawson MS, Weber E, et al. Timing is everything: antiretroviral nonadherence is associated with impairment in time-based prospective memory. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009;15(1):42\u201352.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3552_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2309-9","volume":"23","author":"C Grov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grov C, Rendina HJ, John SA, Parsons JT. Determining the roles that club drugs, marijuana, and heavy drinking play in PrEP medication adherence among Gay and Bisexual men: implications for treatment and research. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(5):1277\u201386.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"3552_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000068","volume":"24","author":"C Lau-Barraco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lau-Barraco C, Braitman AL, Linden-Carmichael AN, Stamates AL. Differences in weekday versus weekend drinking among nonstudent emerging adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;24(2):100.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0464-6","volume":"17","author":"N Dowshen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dowshen N, Kuhns LM, Gray C, Lee S, Garofalo R. Feasibility of interactive text message response (ITR) as a novel, real-time measure of adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV+ youth. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2237\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15590","volume":"20","author":"J Boucquemont","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boucquemont J, Pai ALH, Dharnidharka VR, et al. Association between day of the week and medication adherence among adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2020;20(1):274\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"3552_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1211242","volume":"29","author":"B Myers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Myers B, Sorsdahl K, Morojele NK, Kekwaletswe C, Shuper PA, Parry CDH. \u201cIn this thing I have everything I need\u201d: perceived acceptability of a brief alcohol-focused intervention for people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2017;29(2):209\u201313.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"3552_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419862899","volume":"30","author":"K Sorsdahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sorsdahl K, Morojele N, Parry C, et al. \u2018What will it take\u2019: addressing alcohol use among people living with HIV in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(11):1049\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0307-x","volume":"17","author":"S Kenya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenya S, Chida N, Jones J, Alvarez G, Symes S, Kobetz E. Weekending in PLWH: alcohol use and ART adherence, a pilot study. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(1):61\u20137.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143152","volume":"8","author":"H Lei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lei H, Nahum-Shani I, Lynch K, Oslin D, Murphy SA. A \u201cSMART\u201d design for building individualized treatment sequences. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2012;8(1):21\u201348.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01531-x","volume":"49","author":"MC Sullivan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sullivan MC, Cruess DG, Huedo-Medina TB, Kalichman SC. Substance use, HIV serostatus disclosure, and sexual risk behavior in people living with HIV: an event-level analysis. Arch Sex Behav. 2020;49(6):2005\u201318.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"3552_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9045-7","volume":"10","author":"TW Irwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irwin TW, Morgenstern J, Parsons JT, Wainberg M, Labouvie E. Alcohol and sexual HIV risk behavior among problem drinking men who have sex with men: an event level analysis of timeline followback data. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(3):299\u2013307.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"3552_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012664","volume":"27","author":"JT Parsons","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parsons JT, Rosof E, Mustanski B. The temporal relationship between alcohol consumption and HIV-medication adherence: a multilevel model of direct and moderating effects. Health Psychol. 2008;27(5):628\u201337.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"167","key":"3552_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.028","volume":"1","author":"KM Sileo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sileo KM, Simbayi LC, Abrams A, Cloete A, Kiene SM. The role of alcohol use in antiretroviral adherence among individuals living with HIV in South Africa: event-level findings from a daily diary study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;1(167):103\u201311.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-020-00502-5","volume":"17","author":"MA Spinelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spinelli MA, Haberer JE, Chai PR, Castillo-Mancilla J, Anderson PL, Gandhi M. Approaches to objectively measure antiretroviral medication adherence and drive adherence interventions. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2020;17(4):301\u201314.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-015-0315-2","volume":"5","author":"MJ Stirratt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stirratt MJ, Dunbar-Jacob J, Crane HM, et al. Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: recommendations on optimal use. Transl Behav Med. 2015;5(4):470\u201382.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3552_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x","volume":"97","author":"WHO Assist Working Group","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO Assist Working Group. The alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction. 2002;97(9):1183\u201394.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9799-4","volume":"14","author":"JE Haberer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haberer JE, Kahane J, Kigozi I, et al. Real-time adherence monitoring for HIV antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(6):1340\u20136.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"3552_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","volume":"34","author":"RA Armstrong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armstrong RA. When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014;34(5):502\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"3552_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3","volume-title":"Measuring alcohol consumption","author":"LC Sobell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Timeline follow-back. In: Measuring alcohol consumption. Berlin: Springer; 1992. p. 41\u201372."},{"issue":"10","key":"3552_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5449","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105449","volume":"18","author":"B Myers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Myers B, Carney T, Rooney J, Malatesta S, White LF, Parry CDH, Bouton TC, Ragan EJ, Horsburgh CR Jr, Warren RM, Jacobson KR. Alcohol and tobacco use in a tuberculosis treatment cohort during South Africa\u2019s COVID-19 sales bans: a case series. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(10):5449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18105449.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3552_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"JM Pavlacic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavlacic JM, Dixon LJ, Schulenberg SE, Buchanan EM. Examining daily-level associations between nightly alcohol use and next-day valued behavior in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2020;15:1\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"3552_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106332","volume":"105","author":"AL Braitman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Braitman AL, Lau-Barraco C, Stamates AL. Personalized feedback tempers weekend increases in alcohol use among nonstudent emerging adult drinkers. Addict Behav. 2020;105:106332.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4314\/ajpsy.v14i1.65466","volume":"14","author":"K Peltzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peltzer K, Davids A, Njuho P. Alcohol use and problem drinking in South Africa: findings from a national population-based survey. Afr J Psychiatry. 2011;14(1):30\u20137.","journal-title":"Afr J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"S2","key":"3552_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12820","volume":"37","author":"S Chaiyasong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaiyasong S, Huckle T, Mackintosh A, et al. Drinking patterns vary by gender, age and country-level income: cross-country analysis of the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37(S2):S53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.12820.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"3552_CR43","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Alcohol, gender, and drinking problems: perspectives from low and middle income countries","author":"World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse","year":"2005","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Alcohol, gender, and drinking problems: perspectives from low and middle income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005. p. 77."},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v108i1.12615","volume":"108","author":"NG Vellios","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vellios NG, Van Walbeek CP. Self-reported alcohol use and binge drinking in South Africa: evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study, 2014\u20132015. S Afr Med J. 2017;108(1):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v108i1.12615.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"3552_CR45","unstructured":"Lenth RV. Using the lsmeans Package [Internet]. 2012. http:\/\/www2.uaem.mx\/r-mirror\/web\/packages\/lsmeans\/vignettes\/using-lsmeans.pdf"},{"key":"3552_CR46","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Drinking Levels Defined [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 3]. https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohol-health\/overview-alcohol-consumption\/moderate-binge-drinking"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01035-6","volume":"20","author":"K Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju K, Lin L, Chu H, Cheng L-L, Xu C. Laplace approximation, penalized quasi-likelihood, and adaptive Gauss-Hermite quadrature for generalized linear mixed models: towards meta-analysis of binary outcome with sparse data. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):152.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"3552_CR48","unstructured":"glmmPQL function | R Documentation [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jan 14]. https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/MASS\/versions\/7.3-53\/topics\/glmmPQL"},{"issue":"156","key":"3552_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.030","volume":"1","author":"E Lesch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lesch E, Adams AR. Couples living with and around alcohol abuse: a study of a farmworker community in the Cape Winelands. S Afr Social Sci Med. 2016;1(156):167\u201374.","journal-title":"S Afr Social Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6463-4","volume":"19","author":"E Schatz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schatz E, Seeley J, Negin J, et al. \u201cFor us here, we remind ourselves\u201d: strategies and barriers to ART access and adherence among older Ugandans. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):131.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"3552_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002183","volume":"13","author":"Z Shubber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shubber Z, Mills EJ, Nachega JB, et al. Patient-reported barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002183\u2013e1002183.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3552_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7406","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110707406","volume":"11","author":"JP Gossage","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gossage JP, Snell CL, Parry CDH, et al. Alcohol use, working conditions, job benefits, and the legacy of the \u201cDop\u201d system among farm workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: hope despite high levels of risky drinking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(7):7406\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3087-8","volume":"18","author":"OV Adeniyi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adeniyi OV, Ajayi AI, Ter Goon D, Owolabi EO, Eboh A, Lambert J. Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):175.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09718923.2009.11892661","volume":"18","author":"K Peltzer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peltzer K, Ramlagan S. Alcohol use trends in South Africa. J Soc Sci. 2009;18(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09718923.2009.11892661.","journal-title":"J Soc Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000125","volume":"1","author":"T Heestermans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heestermans T, Browne JL, Aitken SC, Vervoort SC, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2016;1(4):125.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/17441691003796387","volume":"6","author":"A Kagee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kagee A, Remien RH, Berkman A, Hoffman S, Campos L, Swartz L. Structural barriers to ART adherence in Southern Africa: challenges and potential ways forward. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(1):83\u201397.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4410-8","volume":"19","author":"A Moosa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moosa A, Gengiah TN, Lewis L, Naidoo K. Long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a South African adult patient cohort: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):775.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002262","volume":"14","author":"M Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma M, Barnabas RV, Celum C. Community-based strategies to strengthen men\u2019s engagement in the HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Med. 2017;14(4): e1002262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002262.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315603476","volume":"22","author":"E Lesch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lesch E, Casper R. \u2018Drinking with respect\u2019: drinking constructions of men who live in a Cape Winelands farm community in South Africa. J Health Psychol. 2015;22(4):409\u201321.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"3552_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-015-0005-6","author":"WM Wechsberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wechsberg WM, El-Bassel N, Carney T, Browne FA, Myers B, Zule WA. Adapting an evidence-based HIV behavioral intervention for South African couples. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13011-015-0005-6.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"3552_CR61","first-page":"119","volume":"4","author":"S Madiba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madiba S, Canti-Sigaqa V. Barriers to participate in support groups for people living with HIV: a qualitative study with men receiving antiretroviral treatment in a HIV clinic in Mthatha. S Afr Glob J Health Sci. 2012;4(6):119\u201328.","journal-title":"S Afr Glob J Health Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3552_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1032204","volume":"27","author":"LW Fuentes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuentes LW, Johnson ML, Holtgrave DR. An exploration of weekly patterns in HIV-related behaviors: implications for successful interventions and future research. AIDS Care. 2015;27(9):1118\u201327.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"S2","key":"3552_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25720","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25720","volume":"24","author":"JF Magidson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magidson JF, Joska JA, Belus JM, et al. Project Khanya: Results from a pilot randomized type 1hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of a peer-delivered behavioural intervention for ART adherence and substance use in HIV care in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2021;24(S2):e25720.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000257","volume":"57","author":"JF Magidson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magidson JF, Andersen LS, Satinsky EN, et al. \u201cToo much boredom isn\u2019ta good thing\u201d: adaptingbehavioral activation for substance use in a resource-limited South African HIV care setting. Psychotherapy. 2020;57(1):107.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"3552_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1214674","volume":"29","author":"JE Mayer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayer JE, Fontelo P. Meta-analysis on the effect of text message reminders for HIV-related compliance. AIDS Care. 2017;29(4):409\u201317.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"3552_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.017","volume":"161","author":"WM Wechsberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wechsberg WM, Zule WA, El-Bassel N, et al. The male factor: outcomes from a cluster randomized field experiment with a couples-based HIV prevention intervention in a South African township. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:307\u201315.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"3552_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.23937\/iasar-2017\/1710002","volume":"10","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Jain R, Jhanjee S, Rao R, Mishra AK. Alcohol biomarkers and their relevance in detection of alcohol consumption in clinical settings. Int Arch Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2019;10:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23937\/iasar-2017\/1710002.","journal-title":"Int Arch Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3552_CR68","first-page":"19","volume":"36","author":"TB Wray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wray TB, Merrill JE, Monti PM. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to assess situation-level predictors of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Alcohol Res. 2014;36(1):19\u201327.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"3552_CR69","unstructured":"Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"3552_CR70","unstructured":"Safren, S. A., O\u2019Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., et al. Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioral therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T04:17:01Z","timestamp":1676089021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03552-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 187\/2018).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}