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We stratified these trends by age, country of birth\/recency of arrival, sexual identity, and the proportion of gay residents in the participant\u2019s suburb. Among 25,865 participants with casual male partners, HIV prevention coverage increased from 69.8% in 2017 to 75.2% in 2021, lower than the UNAIDS target of 95%. Higher levels of coverage were achieved among older GBM (\u2265\u200945\u00a0years), non-recently-arrived migrants, and in suburbs with\u2009\u2265\u200910% gay residents. The lowest levels of prevention coverage (and highest levels of HIV risk) were recorded among younger GBM (&lt;\u200925 years) and bisexual and other-identified participants. Younger, recently-arrived, and bisexual GBM were the most likely to use condoms, while PrEP use was concentrated among gay men, 25\u201344-year-olds, and in suburbs with more gay residents. The use of undetectable viral load was most common among participants aged\u2009\u2265\u200945 years. Our analysis shows that high HIV prevention coverage can be achieved through a mixture of condom use, PrEP use, and undetectable viral load, or by emphasising PrEP use. In the Australian context, younger, bisexual and other-identified GBM should be prioritised for enhanced access to effective HIV prevention methods. We encourage other jurisdictions to assess the level of coverage achieved by combination prevention, and variations in uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-023-04172-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T01:01:32Z","timestamp":1695776492000},"page":"1469-1484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Variations in HIV Prevention Coverage in Subpopulations of Australian Gay and Bisexual Men, 2017\u20132021: Implications for Reducing Inequities in the Combination Prevention Era"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Holt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Curtis","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Broady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1359-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"MacGibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Limin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-9542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony K. 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