{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:56:53Z","timestamp":1792501013599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34- AA027983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34- AA027983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24-AA22586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24-AA22586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T06:01:43Z","timestamp":1711692103000},"page":"2296-2306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pilot Trial Results of Mlambe: An Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention to Address Heavy Drinking and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy A.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten B.","family":"Neilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynae A.","family":"Darbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Tebbetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Mulauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mkandawire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Ssewamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v37i1.1137","volume":"37","author":"M Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider M, Chersich M, Temmerman M, Degomme O, Parry CD. The impact of alcohol on HIV prevention and treatment for South africans in primary healthcare. Curationis. 2014;37(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Curationis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-010-0060-6","volume":"7","author":"JA Hahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hahn JA, Samet JH. Alcohol and HIV disease progression: weighing the evidence. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2010;7(4):226\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"4326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams EC, Hahn JA, Saitz R et al. Alcohol use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: current knowledge, implications, and future directions. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2016;40(10):2056-72.","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13204"},{"issue":"6","key":"4326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.01.022","volume":"42","author":"D Salmon-Ceron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salmon-Ceron D, Lewden C, Morlat P, et al. Liver disease as a major cause of death among HIV infected patients: role of hepatitis C and B viruses and alcohol. J Hepatol. 2005;42(6):799\u2013805.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4326_CR5","first-page":"280","volume":"33","author":"RS Braithwaite","year":"2010","unstructured":"Braithwaite RS, Bryant KJ. Influence of alcohol consumption on adherence to and toxicity of antiretroviral therapy and survival. Alcohol Res Health. 2010;33(3):280.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"4326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02716-0","volume":"24","author":"J Velloza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Velloza J, Kemp CG, Aunon FM, et al. Alcohol use and antiretroviral therapy non-adherence among adults living with HIV\/AIDS in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2020;24:1727\u201342.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4326_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. World Health Organization; 2019."},{"issue":"7","key":"4326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.021","volume":"62","author":"SC Kalichman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Kagee A, et al. Associations of poverty, substance use, and HIV transmission risk behaviors in three South African communities. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(7):1641\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"4326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.02.003","volume":"59","author":"KL Dunkle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, et al. Transactional sex among women in Soweto, South Africa: prevalence, risk factors and association with HIV infection. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:1581\u201392.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"4326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2010.11734296","volume":"23","author":"B Setlalentoa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Setlalentoa B, Pisa P, Thekisho G, Ryke E, Loots Du T. The social aspects of alcohol misuse\/abuse in South Africa. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2010;23(sup2):11\u20135.","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2013.841890","volume":"22","author":"LM Rodriguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodriguez LM, Neighbors C, Knee CR. Problematic alcohol use and marital distress: an interdependence theory perspective. Addict Res Theory. 2014;22(4):294\u2013312.","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"key":"4326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolf-King SE, Conroy AA, Fritz K et al. Alcohol use and relationship quality among South African couples. Subst Use Misuse. 2018:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1531428"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2275-2","volume":"23","author":"AA Conroy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conroy AA, McKenna SA, Ruark A. Couple interdependence impacts alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(1):201\u201310.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"4326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1697-6","volume":"21","author":"AA Conroy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conroy AA, McKenna SA, Leddy A, et al. If she is Drunk, I don\u2019t want her to take it: Partner beliefs and Influence on Use of Alcohol and antiretroviral therapy in South African couples. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(7):1885\u201391.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0174-8","volume":"10","author":"JL Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown JL, DeMartini KS, Sales JM, Swartzendruber AL, DiClemente RJ. Interventions to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected individuals: a review and critique of the literature. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2013;10(4):356\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1886-3","volume":"21","author":"LA Scott-Sheldon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott-Sheldon LA, Carey KB, Johnson BT, Carey MP, Team MR. Behavioral interventions targeting alcohol use among people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(2):126\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"4326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1476665","volume":"30","author":"M Swann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swann M. Economic strengthening for retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a review of the evidence. AIDS Care. 2018;30(sup3):85\u201398.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"4326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1479029","volume":"30","author":"M Swann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swann M. Economic strengthening for HIV prevention and risk reduction: a review of the evidence. AIDS Care. 2018;30(sup3):37\u201384.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4326_CR19","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Savings groups: what are they","author":"H Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen H, Panetta D. Savings groups: what are they. Washington DC: SEEP Network; 2010. p. 2."},{"issue":"2","key":"4326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.05.019","volume":"69","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Han C-K, Neilands TB. Asset ownership and health and mental health functioning among AIDS-orphaned adolescents: findings from a randomized clinical trial in rural Uganda. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(2):191\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"4326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bermudez LG, Ssewamala FM, Neilands TB et al. Does economic strengthening improve viral suppression among adolescents living with HIV? Results from a Cluster Randomized Trial in Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2018:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2173-7"},{"key":"4326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2015.12.003","volume":"120","author":"C Ksoll","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ksoll C, Lille\u00f8r HB, L\u00f8nborg JH, Rasmussen OD. Impact of Village Savings and Loan associations: evidence from a cluster randomized trial. J Dev Econ. 2016;120:70\u201385.","journal-title":"J Dev Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"4326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.08.008","volume":"11","author":"KC Klostermann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klostermann KC, Fals-Stewart W. Intimate partner violence and alcohol use: exploring the role of drinking in partner violence and its implications for intervention. Aggress Violent Beh. 2006;11(6):587\u201397.","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Beh"},{"key":"4326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsberg WM, El-Bassel N, Carney T et al. Adapting an evidence-based HIV behavioral intervention for South African couples. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy. 2015;10(1):6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-015-0005-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"4326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032760","volume":"32","author":"D Operario","year":"2013","unstructured":"Operario D, Kuo C, Sosa-Rub\u00ed SG, G\u00e1larraga O. Conditional economic incentives for reducing HIV risk behaviors: integration of psychology and behavioral economics. Health Psychol. 2013;32(9):932.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001948","volume":"80","author":"LA Darbes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Darbes LA, McGrath NM, Hosegood V, et al. Results of a couples-based randomized controlled trial aimed to increase testing for HIV. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;80(4):404\u201313.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5","volume":"18","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Bermudez LG, Neilands TB, et al. Suubi4Her: a study protocol to examine the impact and cost associated with a combination intervention to prevent HIV risk behavior and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):693.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.08.008","volume":"50","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Neilands TB, Waldfogel J, Ismayilova L. The impact of a comprehensive microfinance intervention on depression levels of AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda. J Adolesc Health. 2012;50(4):346\u201352.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"4326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conroy AA, Tebbetts S, Darbes LA et al. Development of an economic and relationship-strengthening intervention for Alcohol drinkers living with HIV in Malawi. AIDS Behav. 2022:1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03956-3"},{"key":"4326_CR30","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"4326_CR31","unstructured":"World Bank Group. Republic of Malawi Poverty Assessment. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/26488. 2017."},{"key":"4326_CR32","unstructured":"UNCTAD. Access to Financial Services in Malawi: Policies and Challenges. 2014."},{"key":"4326_CR33","volume-title":"Malawi demographic and health survey 2015-16","author":"MDHS","year":"2016","unstructured":"MDHS. Malawi demographic and health survey 2015-16. Maryland: NSO and ORC Macro; 2016."},{"key":"4326_CR34","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Researching violence against women: practical guidelines for researchers and activists. World Health Organization; 2005."},{"issue":"16","key":"4326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3087","volume":"321","author":"E Juszczak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Juszczak E, Altman DG, Hopewell S, Schulz K. Reporting of multi-arm parallel-group randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA. 2019;321(16):1610\u201320.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4326_CR36","unstructured":"Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Organization WH. Brief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinking: a manual for use in primary care. 2001."},{"key":"4326_CR37","volume-title":"4rd Edition of the Malawi guidelines for Clinical Management of HIV in children and adults","author":"Ministry of Health Malawi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malawi. 4rd Edition of the Malawi guidelines for Clinical Management of HIV in children and adults. Malawi: Lilongwe; 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"4326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000114814.62759.06","volume":"32","author":"HJ Silverman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silverman HJ, Miller FG. Control group selection in critical care randomized controlled trials evaluating interventional strategies: an ethical assessment. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(3):852\u20137.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4326_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00139-0","volume":"53","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, de Craen AJ. Why use placebos in clinical trials? A narrative review of the methodological literature. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(2):157\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"4326_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: indicator guide: version 3. 2007.","DOI":"10.1037\/e576842013-001"},{"issue":"3","key":"4326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199705)27:3<313::AID-EJSP824>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"27","author":"RJ Sternberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sternberg RJ. Construct validation of a triangular love scale. Eur J Social Psychol. 1997;27(3):313\u201335.","journal-title":"Eur J Social Psychol"},{"key":"4326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larzelere RE, Huston TL. The dyadic trust scale: toward understanding interpersonal trust in close relationships. J Marriage Fam. 1980:595\u2013604.","DOI":"10.2307\/351903"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00125.x","volume":"3","author":"LA Kurdek","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kurdek LA. The deterioration of relationship quality for gay and lesbian cohabiting couples: a five-year prospective longitudinal study. Personal Relationships. 1996;3(4):417\u201342.","journal-title":"Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/10463280440000008","volume":"15","author":"A Aron","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aron A, McLaughlin-Volpe T, Mashek D, et al. Including others in the self. Eur Rev Social Psychol. 2004;15(1):101\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Social Psychol"},{"key":"4326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02098-2","volume":"50","author":"AA Conroy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conroy AA, Ruark A, Neilands TB, et al. Development and validation of the couple sexual satisfaction scale for HIV and Sexual Health Research. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50:3297\u2013311.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"4326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.21.4.572","volume":"21","author":"JL Funk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Funk JL, Rogge RD. Testing the ruler with item response theory: increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the couples satisfaction index. J Fam Psychol. 2007;21(4):572.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"issue":"9543","key":"4326_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8","volume":"368","author":"C Garcia-Moreno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH. Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence. Lancet. 2006;368(9543):1260\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR48","first-page":"37","volume":"1","author":"CE Cutrona","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cutrona CE, Russell DW. The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Adv Personal Relationships. 1987;1(1):37\u201367.","journal-title":"Adv Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"3","key":"4326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.3.458","volume":"59","author":"A Christensen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Christensen A, Shenk JL. Communication, conflict, and psychological distance in nondistressed, clinic, and divorcing couples. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991;59(3):458.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4326_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00403.x","volume":"31","author":"KA Bradley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley KA, DeBenedetti AF, Volk RJ, et al. AUDIT-C as a brief screen for alcohol misuse in primary care. Alcoholism: Clin Experimental Res. 2007;31(7):1208\u201317.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clin Experimental Res"},{"key":"4326_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. Measuring alcohol consumption: Psychosocial and biochemical methods. 1992:41\u201372.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"issue":"11","key":"4326_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03636-2","volume":"26","author":"AA Conroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conroy AA, McKenna S, Ruark A, et al. Relationship dynamics are Associated with Self-reported adherence but not an Objective Adherence measure in Malawi. AIDS Behav. 2022;26(11):3551\u201362.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"4326_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP4258","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520959632","volume":"37","author":"AA Conroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conroy AA, Leddy AM, Darbes LA, et al. Bidirectional violence is associated with poor engagement in HIV care and treatment in Malawian couples. J Interpers Violence. 2022;37(7\u20138):NP4258\u201377.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"4326_CR54","unstructured":"Gutin S, Jere J, Mulauzi N et al. Perceived impacts of Mlambe intervention on alcohol use, relationship dynamics, household economics, and HIV treatment adherence in Malawian couples. Presented at the AIDS Impact Conference, Stockholm, Sweden. June 12\u201314, 2023. 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"4326_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ay00636j","volume":"3","author":"J Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, Lewis D. The detection of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol in human dried blood spots. Anal Methods. 2011;3(5):1101\u20136.","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"4326_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01669.x","volume":"36","author":"JA Hahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hahn JA, Dobkin LM, Mayanja B, et al. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a biomarker of alcohol consumption in HIV-positive patients in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Alcoholism: Clin Experimental Res. 2012;36(5):854\u201362.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clin Experimental Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4326_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13874","volume":"63","author":"W Ulwelling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ulwelling W, Smith K. The PEth blood test in the security environment: what it is; why it is important; and interpretative guidelines. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63(6):1634\u201340.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"39\u201340","key":"4326_CR58","first-page":"1747","volume":"110","author":"A Helander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helander A, Hansson T. National harmonization of the alcohol biomarker PEth. Lakartidningen. 2013;110(39\u201340):1747\u20138.","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"issue":"5","key":"4326_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.484","volume":"63","author":"HC Kraemer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kraemer HC, Mintz J, Noda A, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(5):484\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"4326_CR60","unstructured":"NIH\/NCCIH. Pilot Studies: Common Uses and Misuses. Website: https:\/\/nccih.nih.gov\/grants\/whatnccihfunds\/pilot_studies. 2017."},{"issue":"5","key":"4326_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008","volume":"45","author":"AC Leon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC. The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(5):626\u20139.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4326_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2011.00347.x","volume":"4","author":"CG Moore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moore CG, Carter RE, Nietert PJ, Stewart PW. Recommendations for planning pilot studies in clinical and translational research. Clin Transl Sci. 2011;4(5):332\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-1","volume":"10","author":"L Thabane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thabane L, Ma J, Chu R, et al. A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10(1):1.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001664","volume":"60","author":"JA Teresi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teresi JA, Yu X, Stewart AL, Hays RD. Guidelines for designing and evaluating feasibility pilot studies. Med Care. 2022;60(1):95\u2013103.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-9","volume":"7","author":"NJ Horton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Horton NJ, Kim E, Saitz R. A cautionary note regarding count models of alcohol consumption in randomized controlled trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4326_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00136-9","volume":"9","author":"B Schramm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schramm B, Temfack E, Descamps D, et al. Viral suppression and HIV-1 drug resistance 1 year after pragmatic transitioning to dolutegravir first-line therapy in Malawi: a prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2022;9(8):e544\u201353.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4326_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109783","volume":"244","author":"JA Hahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hahn JA, Fatch R, Emenyonu NI, et al. Effect of two counseling interventions on self-reported alcohol consumption, alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth), and viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PWH) with unhealthy alcohol use in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023;244:109783.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"4326_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03934-9","volume":"27","author":"C Asiimwe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asiimwe C, Fatch R, Cheng DM, et al. Bar Attendance and Alcohol Use before and after COVID-19 related restrictions among HIV-infected adults in South-Western Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2023;27(6):2005\u201314.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4326_CR69","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Understanding Fast-Track: accelerating action to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/201506_JC2743_Understanding_FastTrack_en.pdf. 2015."},{"key":"4326_CR70","unstructured":"Ruark AT, Darbes S, Neilands L, Hahn T, Mulauzi J, Mkandawire N, Ssewamala J, Conroy F. A. Mlambe economic and relationship-strengthening intervention increases relationship quality and decreases intimate partner violence among couples in Malawi. AIDS Impact Conference; Stockholm, Sweden. June 12-14.2023."},{"issue":"sup3","key":"4326_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1479030","volume":"30","author":"M Swann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swann M. Economic strengthening for retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a review of the evidence. AIDS Care. 2018;30(sup3):99\u2013125.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4326_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15564-4","volume":"23","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Sauceda JA, Brathwaite R, et al. Suubi\u2009+\u2009Adherence4Youth: a study protocol to optimize the Suubi intervention for adherence to HIV treatment for youth living with HIV in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):717.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T07:13:06Z","timestamp":1719299586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-024-04326-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the UCSF Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) and the National Health Sciences Research Committee (NHSRC) in Malawi.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All authors approve the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest for any of the study authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}