{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T16:36:53Z","timestamp":1773592613887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R25MH129290-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25MH129290-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU62PS924778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU62PS924778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We assessed the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco in 2022. Overall, 72.4% (95% CI 64.6\u201380.3) were vaccinated for COVID-19. Independent predictors of vaccination were age 65 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.7, 95% CI 2.2\u201328.7) and ever testing positive for COVID-19 (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.5). Homelessness was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3\u20130.8). Our study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address unique challenges faced by PWID in accessing COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for those experiencing homelessness and who are younger.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-024-04564-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T12:38:25Z","timestamp":1733834305000},"page":"829-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors Among People who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2022"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8936-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said Iftekhar","family":"Sadaat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mirzazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bow","family":"Suprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moranda","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4564_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19, Vaccines for COVID-19. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/index.html. Accessed 17 Apr 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00594-y","volume":"22","author":"M Soheili","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soheili M, Khateri S, Moradpour F, Mohammadzedeh P, Zareie M, Mortazavi SMM, Manifar S, Kohan HG, Moradi Y. The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-023-00594-y.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"4564_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For Immunization Managers, COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Vaccine Confidence Among Adults, COVIDVAXVIEW. 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/imz-managers\/coverage\/covidvaxview\/interactive\/adults.html. Accessed 9 Apr 2024."},{"issue":"12","key":"4564_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.01.042","volume":"41","author":"SA Strathdee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strathdee SA, Abramovitz D, Vera CF, Artamonova I, Patterson TL, Smith DM, Chaillon A, Bazzi AR. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs. Vaccine. 2023;41(12):1916\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.01.042.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"4564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102448","volume":"36","author":"P Baker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baker P, Cepeda JA, Schluth C, Astemborski J, Feder KA, Rudolph J, Sun J, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Genberg BL. Time-to-completion of COVID-19 vaccination primary series varies by HIV viral load status among people who inject drugs in Baltimore. Md Prev Med Rep. 2023;36:102448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102448.","journal-title":"Md Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303394","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303394","volume":"19","author":"M Khezri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khezri M, McKnight C, Weng CA, Kimball S, Des Jarlais D. COVID-19 vaccination uptake and determinants of booster vaccination among persons who inject drugs in New York city. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0303394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0303394.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00643-3","volume":"19","author":"J Iversen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iversen J, Wand H, Kemp R, Bevan J, Briggs M, Patten K, Heard S, Maher L. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among people who inject drugs. Harm Reduct J. 2022;19(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-022-00643-3.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"4564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101989","volume":"30","author":"CJ Valasek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valasek CJ, Streuli SA, Pines HA, Mittal ML, Strathdee SA, Vera CF, Harvey-Vera A, Bazzi AR. COVID-19 vaccination acceptability and experiences among people who inject drugs in San Diego County. Prev Med Rep. 2022;30:101989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101989.","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"4564_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Infection Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 20 U.S. Cities, 2022, HIV Surveillance Special Report 35. 2022. 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"4564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249585","volume":"16","author":"A Mirzazadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirzazadeh A, Chen YH, Lin J, Burk K, Wilson EC, Miller D, Veloso D, McFarland W, Morris MD. Progress toward closing gaps in the hepatitis C virus cascade of care for people who inject drugs in San Francisco. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(4):e0249585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249585.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02682-7","volume":"24","author":"W McFarland","year":"2020","unstructured":"McFarland W, Lin J, Santos GM, Arayasirikul S, Raymond HF, Wilson E. Low PrEP awareness and use among people who inject drugs, San Francisco, 2018. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(5):1290\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02682-7.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s43477-023-00071-w","volume":"3","author":"L Abascal Miguel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abascal Miguel L, Christian C, Accurso EC, Najmabadi A, Athavale P, Diala JA, Sachdev D, Philip S, Reid MJ, Handley MA. Barriers and enablers to COVID-19 vaccination in San Francisco\u2019s spanish-speaking population. 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