{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T17:45:02Z","timestamp":1758044702185,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH104132","K24MH126808","K01MH132435","T32 MH19105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH104132","K24MH126808","K01MH132435","T32 MH19105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI099959","UM1AI068636","R01 AI074345-06A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI099959","UM1AI068636","R01 AI074345-06A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The complex and dynamic nature of human mobility requires use of multiple measures and sex-stratified analyses to fully understand its influence on HIV acquisition risk in specific populations and settings. Longitudinal population-based studies designed to measure the influence of mobility (which includes both short and long-term, temporary and permanent changes of residence across defined geopolitical boundaries) on HIV acquisition risk are rare, but needed to understand the ongoing challenges that mobility poses to progress in ending HIV. Incidence of HIV acquisition over 3\u00a0years was measured in mobile and non-mobile adults in 32 rural communities in three regions of Uganda and Kenya participating in the Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health (SEARCH) trial (NCT01864603) from 2013\u20132017. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HIV acquisition among categories of mobile relative to non-mobile adults, with sex-stratified multivariable models adjusted for community clustering using robust estimators. At baseline, 11,337 adult residents (9.7%) reported living at least 1\u00a0month outside their community in the past 12\u00a0months (8% women, 11.8% men, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). By year three, 8502 HIV incidence cohort members (7.3%) had out-migrated (7.7% women, 7.1% men, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), and 5747 adults remaining in the cohort (4.9%) reported living at least 1\u00a0month outside of their community in past 12\u00a0months (4.1% women, 5.9% men, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Over 3\u00a0years, the risk of HIV acquisition was 1.9 times higher in those living \u2265 1\u00a0month outside their community in the past 12\u00a0months compared to those who had not (Adj IRR\u2009=\u20091.88, 95% CI 1.48\u20132.38). HIV acquisition risk was 42% higher among men who spent some nights away in the past month at baseline (Adj IRR\u2009=\u20091.42, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.81), but not for women (Adj IRR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI 0.85\u20131.32). Mobility was significantly associated with a risk of HIV acquisition among adults in rural communities in Kenya and Uganda in 2013\u20132017. The effect of mobility on HIV incidence varied by both sex and pattern (frequency, duration) of mobility (SEARCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01864603).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:33:43Z","timestamp":1746491623000},"page":"2869-2881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metrics of Mobility by Sex are Associated with HIV Incidence in Rural Kenya and Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5615-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol S.","family":"Camlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Gutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7237-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin D.","family":"Charlebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7936-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten B.","family":"Neilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura B.","family":"Balzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya L.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Chamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig R.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Bukusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moses R.","family":"Kamya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane V.","family":"Havlir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Ayieko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210019798","volume-title":"In danger: UNAIDS Global AIDS update 2022","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2022","unstructured":"UNAIDS. In danger: UNAIDS Global AIDS update 2022. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2022. p. 2022."},{"key":"4743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.05.002","volume":"57","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Akullian A, Neilands TB, Getahun M, Bershteyn A, Ssali S, et al. Gendered dimensions of population mobility associated with HIV across three epidemics in rural Eastern Africa. Health Place. 2019;57:339\u201351.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"4743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054523","volume":"8","author":"ZA Kwena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwena ZA, Camlin CS, Shisanya CA, Mwanzo I, Bukusi EA. Short-term mobility and the risk of HIV Infection among married couples in the fishing communities along Lake Victoria, Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e54523.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4743_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.11.004","volume":"102","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Kwena ZA, Dworkin SL, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA. \u201cShe mixes her business\u201d: HIV transmission and acquisition risks among female migrants in western Kenya. Soc Sci Med. 2014;102:146\u201356.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"4743_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1178318","volume":"13","author":"KD Deane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deane KD, Samwell Ngalya P, Boniface L, Bulugu G, Urassa M. Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: evidence from Tanzania. Glob Public Health. 2018;13:173\u201388.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"4743_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30009-2","volume":"5","author":"O Olawore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olawore O, Tobian AAR, Kagaayi J, Bazaale JM, Nantume B, Kigozi G, et al. Migration and risk of HIV acquisition in Rakai, Uganda: a population-based cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e181\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21590","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21590","volume":"20","author":"VG Billioux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Billioux VG, Chang LW, Reynolds SJ, Nakigozi G, Ssekasanvu J, Grabowski MK, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus care cascade among sub-populations in Rakai, Uganda: an observational study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20:21590.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"4743_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2207-1","volume":"23","author":"KM Sileo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sileo KM, Wanyenze RK, Kizito W, Reed E, Brodine SK, Chemusto H, et al. Multi-level determinants of clinic attendance and antiretroviral treatment adherence among fishermen living with HIV\/AIDS in communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2019;23:406\u201317.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4743_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)00037-0","volume":"3","author":"T Gaolathe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Holme MP, Makhema J, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, et al. Botswana\u2019s progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90\u201390\u201390 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey. Lancet HIV. 2017;3:221\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000192","volume":"10","author":"F Tanser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanser F, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Vandormael A, Dobra A. HIV treatment cascade in migrants and mobile populations. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015;10:430\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1801934","volume":"378","author":"JE Justman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Justman JE, Mugurungi O, El-Sadr WM. HIV population surveys\u2014bringing precision to the global response. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1859\u201361.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4743_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab021","volume":"223","author":"MK Grabowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grabowski MK, Patel EU, Nakigozi G, Ssempijja V, Ssekubugu R, Ssekasanvu J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of persistent human immunodeficiency virus viremia and viral rebound after universal test and treat: a population-based study. J Infect Dis. 2021;223:1150\u201360.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4743_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5208-0","volume":"18","author":"H Huerga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huerga H, Van Cutsem G, Ben Farhat J, Puren A, Bouhenia M, Wiesner L, et al. Progress towards the UNAIDS 90\u201390\u201390 goals by age and gender in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a household-based community cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:303.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4743_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25226","volume":"22","author":"JK Edwards","year":"2019","unstructured":"Edwards JK, Arimi P, Ssengooba F, Mulholland G, Markiewicz M, Bukusi EA, et al. The HIV care continuum among resident and non-resident populations found in venues in East Africa cross-border areas. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22: e25226.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"4743_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.09.001","volume":"117","author":"JK Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee JK, Gutin SA, Getahun M, Okiring J, Neilands TB, Akullian A, et al. Condom, modern contraceptive, and dual method use are associated with HIV status and relationship concurrency in a context of high mobility: a cross-sectional study of women of reproductive age in rural Kenya and Uganda, 2016. Contraception. 2022;117:13\u201321.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"4743_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001638","volume":"31","author":"A Akullian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akullian A, Bershteyn A, Jewell B, Camlin CS. The missing 27%. AIDS. 2017;31:2427\u20139.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210028370","volume-title":"The path that ends AIDS: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2023","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2023","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The path that ends AIDS: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2023. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2023."},{"key":"4743_CR18","volume-title":"Core epidemiology slides","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2023","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Core epidemiology slides. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2023."},{"key":"4743_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.1794","volume":"20","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Snow RC, Hosegood V. Gendered patterns of migration in rural South Africa. Popul Space Place. 2014;20:528\u201351.","journal-title":"Popul Space Place"},{"key":"4743_CR20","volume-title":"The dynamics of migration, health and livelihoods: INDEPTH network perspectives","author":"M Collinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collinson M. Age-sex profiles of migration: who is a migrant? In: Collinson MA, Adazu K, White MJ, Findley SF, editors. The dynamics of migration, health and livelihoods: INDEPTH network perspectives. Surrey: Ashgate; 2009."},{"key":"4743_CR21","volume-title":"Internal migration and development: a global perspective","author":"IOM","year":"2005","unstructured":"IOM. Internal migration and development: a global perspective. Geneva: IOM; 2005."},{"key":"4743_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26058","volume":"26","author":"M Thorp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorp M, Ayieko J, Hoffman RM, Balakasi K, Camlin CS, Dovel K. Mobility and HIV care engagement: a research agenda. J Int AIDS Soc. 2023;26:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"4743_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e787","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00267-8","volume":"8","author":"JT Okano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okano JT, Busang L, Seipone K, Valdano E, Blower S. The potential impact of country-level migration networks on HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Botswana. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e787\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2010.23.20","volume":"23","author":"D Beguy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beguy D, Bocquier P, Zulu EM. Circular migration patterns and determinants in Nairobi slum settlements. Demogr Res. 2010;23:549\u201386.","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"4743_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e252","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00045-4","volume":"2","author":"N McGrath","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGrath N, Hosegood V, Newell ML, Eaton JW. Migration, sexual behaviour, and HIV risk: a general population cohort in rural South Africa. Lancet HIV. 2015;2:e252\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011539","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Hosegood V, Newell ML, Mcgrath N, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Snow RC. Gender, migration and HIV in rural Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS ONE. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0011539.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4743_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280ef6af2","volume":"21","author":"T Welz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Welz T, Hosegood V, Jaffar S, B\u00e4tzing-Feigenbaum J, Herbst K, Newell ML. Continued very high prevalence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a population-based longitudinal study. AIDS. 2007;21:1467\u201372.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-011-0072-x","volume":"49","author":"P Anglewicz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anglewicz P. Migration, marital change, and HIV infection in Malawi. Demography. 2012;49:239\u201365.","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"4743_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001150","volume":"30","author":"P Anglewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anglewicz P, VanLandingham M, Manda-Taylor L, Kohler H-P. Migration and HIV infection in Malawi. AIDS. 2016;30:2099\u2013105.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0183-4","volume":"16","author":"SM Weine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weine SM, Kashuba AB. Labor migration and HIV risk: a systematic review of the literature. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:1605\u201321.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4743_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001292","volume":"31","author":"A Dobra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dobra A, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Vandormael A, Tanser F. Space-time migration patterns and risk of HIV acquisition in rural South Africa. AIDS. 2017;31:137\u201345.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2367-z","volume":"23","author":"A Dzomba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dzomba A, Tomita A, Govender K, Tanser F. Effects of migration on risky sexual behavior and HIV acquisition in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2000\u20132017. AIDS Behav. 2019;23:1396\u2013430.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4743_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7","volume":"11","author":"MK Grabowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grabowski MK, Lessler J, Bazaale J, Nabukalu D, Nankinga J, Nantume B, et al. Migration, hotspots, and dispersal of HIV infection in Rakai, Uganda. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4743_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85435","author":"J Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song J, Okano JT, Ponce J, Busang L, Seipone K, Valdano E, et al. The role of migration networks in the development of Botswana\u2019s generalized HIV\u00a0epidemic. eLife. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.85435.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"4743_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000526","volume":"68","author":"L Palk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palk L, Blower S. Brief report: Mobility and circular migration in Lesotho: implications for transmission, treatment, and control of a severe HIV epidemic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68:604\u20138.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"4743_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809866","volume":"381","author":"DV Havlir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Havlir DV, Balzer LB, Charlebois ED, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, et al. HIV Testing and treatment with the use of a community health approach in Rural Africa. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:219\u201329.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4743_CR37","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kabami J, Chamie G, Sang N, Kwarisiima D, Black D, et al. Population-level HIV-free infant survival in the SEARCH trial. In: Conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections (CROI), Boston, MA, abstract; 2020. p. 134."},{"key":"4743_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001250","volume":"30","author":"LB Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown LB, Havlir DV, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, et al. High levels of retention in care with streamlined care and universal test and treat in East Africa. AIDS. 2016;30:2855\u201364.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243167","volume":"16","author":"MN Nyabuti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nyabuti MN, Petersen ML, Bukusi EA, Kamya MR, Mwangwa F, Kabami J, et al. Characteristics of HIV seroconverters in the setting of universal test and treat: results from the SEARCH trial in rural Uganda and Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:1\u201313.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4743_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-020-00500-7","volume":"17","author":"G Chamie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chamie G, Hickey MD, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, Kamya MR, Havlir DV. Universal HIV testing and treatment (UTT) integrated with chronic disease screening and treatment: the SEARCH study. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2020;17:315\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"4743_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25115","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Akullian A, Neilands TB, Getahun M, Eyul P, Maeri I, et al. Population mobility associated with higher risk sexual behaviour in eastern African communities participating in a Universal Testing and Treatment trial. JIAS. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25115.","journal-title":"JIAS"},{"key":"4743_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09085-7","volume":"20","author":"Z Kwena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwena Z, Nakamanya S, Nanyonjo G, Okello E, Fast P, Ssetaala A, et al. Understanding mobility and sexual risk behaviour among women in fishing communities of Lake Victoria in East Africa: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4743_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00457-2","volume":"16","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Charlebois ED. Mobility and its effects on HIV acquisition and treatment engagement: recent theoretical and empirical advances. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2019;16:314\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"4743_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1808567","volume":"33","author":"A Hannaford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hannaford A, Moll AP, Madondo T, Khoza B, Shenoi SV. Mobility and structural barriers in rural South Africa contribute to loss to follow up from HIV care. AIDS Care. 2021;33:1436\u201344.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4743_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad001","author":"J Odayar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Odayar J, Phillips TK, Kabanda S, Malaba TR, Mukonda E, Hsiao N-Y, et al. Mobility during the post-partum period and viraemia in women living with HIV in South Africa. Int Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad001.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"4743_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-02144-8","volume":"22","author":"S Nakamanya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakamanya S, Okello ES, Kwena ZA, Nanyonjo G, Bahemuka UM, Kibengo FM, et al. Social networks, mobility, and HIV risk among women in the fishing communities of Lake Victoria. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22:1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"4743_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010160","volume":"21","author":"ZA Kwena","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kwena ZA, Bukusi EA, Ng\u2019ayo MO, Buffardi AL, Nguti R, Richardson B, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in a high-risk occupational group: the case of fishermen along Lake Victoria in Kisumu, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21:708\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"4743_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2013.25.3.216","volume":"25","author":"CS Camlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Camlin CS, Kwena ZA, Dworkin SL. Jaboya vs. Jakambi: status, negotiation, and HIV risks among female migrants in the \u201csex for fish\u201d economy in Nyanza province, Kenya. AIDS Educ Prev. 2013;25:216\u201331.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"4743_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2015.05.015","volume":"74","author":"KJ Fiorella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fiorella KJ, Camlin CS, Salmen CR, Omondi R, Hickey MD, Omollo DO, et al. Transactional fish-for-sex relationships amid declining fish access in Kenya. World Dev. 2015;74:323\u201332.","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"4743_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.07.002","volume":"65","author":"SA Lippman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lippman SA, Pulerwitz J, Chinaglia M, Hubbard A, Reingold A, D\u00edaz J. Mobility and its liminal context: exploring sexual partnering among truck drivers crossing the Southern Brazilian border. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65:2464\u201373.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"4743_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6494-x","volume":"19","author":"A Dzomba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dzomba A, Tomita A, Vandormael A, Govender K, Tanser F. Effect of ART scale-up and female migration intensity on risk of HIV acquisition: results from a population-based cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:196.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4743_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e209","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30407-2","volume":"7","author":"JT Okano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okano JT, Sharp K, Valdano E, Palk L, Blower S. HIV transmission and source-sink dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e209\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23051-w","volume":"12","author":"E Valdano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valdano E, Okano JT, Colizza V, Mitonga HK, Blower S. Using mobile phone data to reveal risk flow networks underlying the HIV epidemic in Namibia. Nat Commun. 2021;12:2837.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4743_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30378-9","volume":"7","author":"O Ratmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ratmann O, Kagaayi J, Hall M, Golubchick T, Kigozi G, Xi X, et al. Quantifying HIV transmission flow between high-prevalence hotspots and surrounding communities: a population-based study in Rakai, Uganda. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e173\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/44945","volume":"11","author":"K Clouse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clouse K, Noholoza S, Madwayi S, Mrubata M, Camlin CS, Myer L, et al. The implementation of a GPS-based location-tracking smartphone app in South Africa to improve engagement in HIV care: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023;11: e44945.","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4743_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26121","volume":"26","author":"J Kabami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kabami J, Kakande E, Chamie G, Balzer LB, Petersen ML, Camlin CS, et al. Uptake of a patient-centred dynamic choice model for HIV prevention in rural Kenya and Uganda: SEARCH SAPPHIRE study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2023;26(Suppl 1): e26121.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"4743_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003311","volume":"95","author":"J Ayieko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayieko J, Balzer LB, Inviolata C, Kakande E, Opel F, Wafula EM, et al. Randomized trial of a \u201cdynamic choice\u201d patient-centered care intervention for mobile persons with HIV in East Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024;95:74\u201381.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"4743_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03878-0","author":"SA Gutin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutin SA, Neilands TB, Charlebois ED, Getahun M, Okiring J, Akullian A, et al. Mobility is associated with higher-risk sexual partnerships among both men and women in co-resident couples in rural Kenya and Uganda: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS Behav. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-022-03878-0.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4743_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812281","volume":"381","author":"J Makhema","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makhema J, Wirth KE, Holme MP, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Kadima E, et al. Universal testing, expanded treatment, and incidence of HIV infection in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:230\u201342.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4743_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814556","volume":"381","author":"RJ Hayes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayes RJ, Donnell D, Floyd S, Mandla N, Bwalya J, Sabapathy K, et al. Effect of universal testing and treatment on HIV incidence - HPTN 071 (PopART). N Engl J Med. 2019;381:207\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4743_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30205-9","volume":"5","author":"CC Iwuji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwuji CC, Orne-Gliemann J, Larmarange J, Balestre E, Thiebaut R, Tanser F, et al. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e116\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"4743_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25455","volume":"23","author":"D Havlir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Havlir D, Lockman S, Ayles H, Larmarange J, Chamie G, Gaolathe T, et al. What do the universal test and treat trials tell us about the path to HIV epidemic control? J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"87","key":"4743_CR63","first-page":"1024","volume":"2021","author":"BL Jewell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jewell BL, Balzer LB, Clark TD, Charlebois ED, Kwarisiima D, Kamya MR, et al. Predicting HIV incidence in the SEARCH trial: a mathematical modeling study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1988;2021(87):1024\u201331.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T16:02:22Z","timestamp":1757692942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04743-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1090-7165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-3254"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Community-level consent (as described in the study protocol) and oral informed consent from individual participants were provided for the census enumeration and the health campaigns, and written informed consent was provided in cases in which a participant was ineligible for ART on the basis of country guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Ethical approvals were received from the University of California San Francisco Committee on Human Research (14-15058), Ethical Review Committee of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI\/SERU\/CMR\/3052), Makerere University School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (2015-040), and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS 1834). The trial was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was conducted with oversight by a data and safety monitoring board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human Participants"}}]}}