{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:40:14Z","timestamp":1759225214210,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:37:14Z","timestamp":1750995434000},"page":"3141-3148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validity and Reliability of the Kessler 6 Scale for Serious Mental Illness Among Populations with High Burden of HIV"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2030-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashunda","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Olansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catlainn","family":"Sionean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the NHBS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","volume":"60","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:184\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.310","volume":"19","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Green JG, Gruber MJ, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO world mental health (WMH) survey initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19(Suppl 1):4\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.310.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.51.6.458","volume":"51","author":"MJ Viron","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viron MJ, Stern TA. The impact of serious mental illness on health and healthcare. Psychosomatics. 2010;51:458\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.psy.51.6.458.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"4765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1349","volume":"21","author":"JJ Prochaska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prochaska JJ, Sung HY, Max W, et al. Validity study of the K6 scale as a measure of moderate mental distress based on mental health treatment need and utilization. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012;21:88\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1349.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142706","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142706","volume":"10","author":"SK Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi SK, Boyle E, Burchell AN, et al. Validation of six short and Ultra-short screening instruments for depression for people living with HIV in Ontario: results from the Ontario HIV treatment network cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0142706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142706.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01201.x","volume":"34","author":"B Arnaud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arnaud B, Malet L, Teissedre F, et al. Validity study of Kessler\u2019s psychological distress scales conducted among patients admitted to French emergency department for alcohol consumption-related disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010;34:1235\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01201.x.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"4765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227","volume":"33","author":"RH Remien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Remien RH, Stirratt MJ, Nguyen N, et al. Mental health and HIV\/AIDS: the need for an integrated response. AIDS. 2019;33:1411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKinnon KM, Alves-Bradford J-M, Cournos F. HIV and serious mental illness. In: HIV psychiatry. Springer; 2022. pp. 289\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80665-1_12"},{"key":"4765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00357-0","volume":"3","author":"E Hughes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hughes E, Bassi S, Gilbody S, et al. Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3:40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00357-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"4765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227","volume":"33","author":"RH Remien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Remien RH, Stirratt MJ, Nguyen N, et al. Mental health and HIV\/AIDS: the need for an integrated response. AIDS. 2019;33:1411\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"4765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S401","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa238","volume":"222","author":"M Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams M, Sionean C, Broz D, et al. Serious mental illness among young people who inject drugs: an assessment of injection risks and healthcare use. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:S401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa238.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115599639","volume":"23","author":"G Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim G, DeCoster J, Bryant AN, et al. Measurement equivalence of the K6 scale: the effects of race\/ethnicity and Language. Assessment. 2016;23:758\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191115599639.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"4765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.009","volume":"31","author":"JA Swartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swartz JA, Lurigio AJ. Screening for serious mental illness in populations with co-occurring substance use disorders: performance of the K6 scale. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006;31:287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.009.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"4765_CR14","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infection Risk HIV, Prevention, Testing Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs\u2014National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 20, Cities US. 2022. HIV Surveillance Special Report 35. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/150464. Published February 2024. Accessed 8 Apr 2024."},{"key":"4765_CR15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infection HIV, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Heterosexually Active Adults at Increased Risk for HIV Infection\u2014National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23, Cities US. 2019. HIV Surveillance Special Report 26. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/106351. Published January 2021. Accessed 8 Apr 2024."},{"key":"4765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002362","volume":"84","author":"LMH Nerlander","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nerlander LMH, Hess S, Lutnick KL, Agnew-Brune A, Hoots CB, Braunstein BE, Glick SL, Higgins SN, Padgett E, Schuette P, Broz SM, Ivy D, Wade III, Smith A, Thorson A, Paz-Bailey. Gabriela MD;, HIV prevalence among women who exchange sex for money or Drugs\u20144 U.S. Cities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;84:345\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002362.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"4765_CR17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infection Risk HIV, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men\u2014National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23, Cities US. 2017. HIV Surveillance Special Report 22. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/149112. Published February 2019. Accessed 8 Apr 2024."},{"key":"4765_CR18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guidelines for Defining Public Health Research and Public Health Non-Research\u2014revised October 4. 1999. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/os\/integrity\/docs\/defining-public-health-research-non-research-1999.pdf Published October 1999. Accessed August 8, 2020."},{"key":"4765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39053","DOI":"10.2196\/39053","volume":"8","author":"D Kanny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanny D, Broz D, Finlayson T, et al. A key comprehensive system for biobehavioral surveillance of populations disproportionately affected by HIV (National HIV behavioral surveillance): Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022;8:e39053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/39053.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-0077-z","volume":"54","author":"CA Okoro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okoro CA ST et al. LS Balluz 2009 Serious psychological distress among adults with and without disabilities. Int J Public Health 54 Suppl 1 52\u201360 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-009-0077-z.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"4765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.08.006","volume":"12","author":"EA Lauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauer EA, Lauer E. Assessing the association between mental health and disability indicators among adults living in the united States. Disabil Health J. 2019;12:98\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.08.006.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"4765_CR22","unstructured":"Brault M, Stern S, Raglin D. Evaluation Report Covering Disability. 2006 American Community Survey Content Test Report P.4. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2007. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/dam\/Census\/library\/working-papers\/2007\/acs\/2007_Brault_01.pdf. Accessed 11 Aug 2020."},{"key":"4765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.720353","volume":"35","author":"JH Madans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madans JH, Loeb M. Methods to improve international comparability of census and survey measures of disability. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35:1070\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2012.720353.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4765_CR24","unstructured":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Prior HHS Poverty Guidelines and Federal Register References. May 1, 2024]; Available from: https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/topics\/poverty-economic-mobility\/poverty-guidelines\/prior-hhs-poverty-guidelines-federal-register-references"},{"key":"4765_CR25","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke PDN, Hatcher PDL, Step-By-Step A. Approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling, Second Edition. SAS Institute.2019."},{"key":"4765_CR26","unstructured":"DiIorio CK. Measurment in health behavor: methods for research and evaluation. Jossey-Bass. 2005;336."},{"key":"4765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16:297\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02310555.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"4765_CR28","volume-title":"Improving survey questions: design and evaluation,","author":"F Fowler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fowler F. Improving survey questions: design and evaluation,. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1995."},{"key":"4765_CR29","volume-title":"Survey methodology","author":"RM Groves","year":"2009","unstructured":"Groves RM. Survey methodology. 2 ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009.","edition":"2"},{"key":"4765_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13559","volume":"148","author":"L Martin-Romo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin-Romo L, Sanmartin FJ, Velasco J. Invisible and stigmatized: A systematic review of mental health and risk factors among sex workers. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2023;148:255\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13559.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"4765_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670601109949","volume":"41","author":"L Hides","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hides L, Lubman DI, Devlin H, et al. Reliability and validity of the Kessler 10 and patient health questionnaire among injecting drug users. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007;41:166\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00048670601109949.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4765_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.08.221","volume":"44","author":"B Rush","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rush B, Castel S, Brands B, et al. Validation and comparison of diagnostic accuracy of four screening tools for mental disorders in people seeking treatment for substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44:375\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.08.221.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:11:39Z","timestamp":1759223499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04765-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1090-7165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-3254"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors have commercial or other association that could pose a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Activities for NHBS were approved by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and by applicable institutional review boards in each participating city.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all NHBS participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}