{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:57:54Z","timestamp":1788623874716,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH0112376-4S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH0112376-4S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:37:05Z","timestamp":1750995425000},"page":"3514-3525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association Between Intersectional Stigma and Psychological Well-Being Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0939-2410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyue","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4795_CR1","unstructured":"2024 UNAIDS, Global AIDS. Update Thematic Briefing Note: HIV and gay men and other men who have sex with men 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2024-unaids-global-aids-update-gay-men_en.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4559-1","volume":"19","author":"MJ Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong MJ, Peng B, Liu ZF, Ye QN, Liu H, Lu XL, et al. The prevalence of HIV among MSM in china: a large-scale systematic analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1000.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X17666190703163838","volume":"17","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, Lan G, Zhu Q, Li J, et al. HIV epidemiology and prevention in Southwestern china: trends from 1996\u20132017. Curr HIV Res. 2019;17(2):85\u201393.","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"4795_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0404","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010404","volume":"97","author":"L Guanghua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guanghua L, Yi C, Shuai T, Zhiyong S, Zhenzhu T, Yuhua R, et al. HIV, syphilis and behavioral risk factors among men who have sex with men in a drug-using area of southwestern China: results of 3 cross-sectional surveys from 2013 to 2015. Medicine. 2018;97(16):0404.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31081","volume":"6","author":"QQ Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin QQ, Tang WM, Ge L, Li DM, Mahapatra T, Wang LY, et al. Changing trend of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C among men who have sex with men in China. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050230","volume":"88","author":"Q He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He Q, Peng WJ, Zhang JQ, Wang BX, Wang J. Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse and unprotected vaginal intercourse among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in china: a meta-analysis. Sex Trans Inf. 2012;88(3):229\u201333.","journal-title":"Sex Trans Inf"},{"key":"4795_CR7","first-page":"e37344","volume":"7","author":"L Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song L, Yu X, Su B, Geng WK, Lan G, Zhang X. HIV prevalence and risk factors among young men who have sex with men in Southwest china: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. JMIR Formative Res. 2023;7:e37344.","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35056","DOI":"10.2196\/35056","volume":"6","author":"V Pravosud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pravosud V, Ballard AM, Holloway IW, Young AM. Online partner seeking and sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men from small and midsized towns: cross-sectional study. JMIR Formative Res. 2022;6(6):e35056.","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"4795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188393","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188393","volume":"12","author":"A Fitzgerald-Husek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fitzgerald-Husek A, Van Wert MJ, Ewing WF, Grosso AL, Holland CE, Katterl R, et al. Measuring stigma affecting sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM): a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(11):e0188393.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014672","volume":"56","author":"GM Herek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: insights from a social psychological perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):32.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1683803","volume":"32","author":"FM Aunon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aunon FM, Simoni JM, Yang JP, Shiu C, Chen W-T, Edmunds SR, et al. Depression and anxiety among HIV-positive men who have sex with men and men who have sex with women in China. AIDS Care. 2020;32(3):362\u20139.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"4795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000281","volume":"65","author":"J Shao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shao J, Chang ES, Chen C. The relative importance of parent\u2013child dynamics and minority stress on the psychological adjustment of LGBs in China. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(5):598\u2013604.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000265","volume":"5","author":"EA McConnell","year":"2018","unstructured":"McConnell EA, Janulis P, Phillips G, Truong R, Birkett M. Multiple minority stress and LGBT community resilience among sexual minority men. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2018;5(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021684","volume":"58","author":"AE Goldberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldberg AE, Smith JZ. Stigma, social context, and mental health: lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood. J Couns Psychol. 2011;58(1):139\u201350.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0385-9","volume":"17","author":"AR Wohl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wohl AR, Galvan FH, Carlos JA, Myers HF, Garland W, Witt MD, et al. A comparison of MSM stigma, HIV stigma and depression in HIV-positive Latino and African American men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1454\u201364.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.1.56","volume":"18","author":"C Courtenay\u2013Quirk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Courtenay\u2013Quirk C, Wolitski RJ, Parsons JT, Gomez CA, Education SUMsSTJA. Is HIV\/AIDS stigma dividing the gay community? Perceptions of HIV\u2013positive men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(1):56\u201367.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2015.27.1.58","volume":"27","author":"IVWL Jeffries","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jeffries IVWL, Townsend ES, Gelaude DJ, Torrone EA, Gasiorowicz M, Bertolli JJAE, et al. HIV stigma experienced by young men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV infection. AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(1):58\u201371.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"16","key":"4795_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283578b9b","volume":"26","author":"D Govindasamy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Govindasamy D, Ford N, Kranzer K. Risk factors, barriers and facilitators for linkage to antiretroviral therapy care: a systematic review. Aids. 2012;26(16):2059\u201367.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0344-5","volume":"17","author":"A Medley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Medley A, Ackers M, Amolloh M, Owuor P, Muttai H, Audi B, et al. Early uptake of HIV clinical care after testing HIV-positive during home-based testing and counseling in Western Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(1):224\u201334.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109712469686","volume":"13","author":"A Sarna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarna A, Sebastian M, Bachani D, Sogarwal R, Battala M. Pretreatment loss-to-follow-up after HIV diagnosis from 27 counseling and testing centers across india: findings from a cohort study. J Int Association Providers AIDS Care (JIAPAC). 2014;13(3):223\u201331.","journal-title":"J Int Association Providers AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"},{"key":"4795_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-263","volume":"8","author":"FM Bwambale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bwambale FM, Ssali SN, Byaruhanga S, Kalyango JN, Karamagi CA. Voluntary HIV counselling and testing among men in rural Western uganda: implications for HIV prevention. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:263.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.11.009","volume":"28","author":"HY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim HY, Grosso A, Ky-Zerbo O, Lougue M, Stahlman S, Samadoulougou C, et al. Stigma as a barrier to health care utilization among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Burkina Faso. Ann Epidemiol. 2018;28(1):13\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"4795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1739205","volume":"32","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Li X, Qiao S, Li L, Parker C, Shen Z, et al. Intersectional stigma and psychosocial well-being among MSM living with HIV in guangxi, China. AIDS Care. 2020;32(sup2):5\u201313.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000076","volume":"30","author":"L Ingram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ingram L, Stafford C, Deming ME, Anderson JD, Robillard A, Li X. A systematic mixed studies review of the intersections of Social\u2013Ecological factors and HIV stigma in people living with HIV in the US South. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019;30(3):330\u201343.","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"4795_CR25","unstructured":"Bogard K, Murry VM, Alexander C. Health equity. 2017."},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.905706","volume":"16","author":"EA Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold EA, Rebchook GM, Kegeles SM. Triply cursed\u2019: racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treatment adherence and disclosure among young black gay men. Cult Health Sex. 2014;16(6):710\u201322.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024056","volume":"17","author":"LM Bogart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Landrine H, Klein DJ, Sticklor LA. Perceived discrimination and mental health symptoms among black men with HIV. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011;17(3):295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000218","volume":"8","author":"D English","year":"2018","unstructured":"English D, Rendina HJ, Parsons JT. The effects of intersecting stigma: A longitudinal examination of minority stress, mental health, and substance use among black, latino, and multiracial gay and bisexual men. Psychol Violence. 2018;8(6):669\u201379.","journal-title":"Psychol Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR29","first-page":"168","volume":"41","author":"J Mill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mill J, Edwards N, Jackson R, Austin W, MacLean L, Reintjes F. Accessing health services while living with HIV: intersections of stigma. Can J Nurs Res Arch. 2009;41(3):168.","journal-title":"Can J Nurs Res Arch"},{"issue":"S4","key":"4795_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S420","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306639","volume":"112","author":"TS Karver","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karver TS, Atkins K, Fonner VA, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Sweat MD, Taggart T, et al. HIV-Related intersectional stigma and discrimination measurement: state of the science. Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S4):S420\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1246-9","volume":"17","author":"JM Turan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turan JM, Elafros MA, Logie CH, Banik S, Turan B, Crockett KB, et al. Challenges and opportunities in examining and addressing intersectional stigma and health. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):7.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001004","volume":"16","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bentler PM, Chou C-P. Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociol Methods Res. 1987;16(1):78\u2013117.","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"key":"4795_CR33","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford; 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"4795_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439300500202","volume":"5","author":"FJ Kohout","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J. Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for epidemiological studies Depression) depression symptoms index. J Aging Health. 1993;5(2):179\u201393.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"4795_CR35","first-page":"77","volume":"10","author":"EM Andresen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of. Prev Med. 1994;10:77\u201384.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9604-0","volume":"47","author":"SC Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu SC, Lin YH, Hsu WH. Applying structural equation modeling to report psychometric properties of Chinese version 10-item CES-D depression scale. Qual Quant. 2013;47(3):1511\u20138.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"7","key":"4795_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040793","volume":"7","author":"W Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang W, O\u2019Brien N, Forrest JI, Salters KA, Patterson TL, Montaner JS, et al. Validating a shortened depression scale (10 item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e40793.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0","volume":"12","author":"WW Zung","year":"1971","unstructured":"Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics: J Consultation Liaison Psychiatry. 1971;12(6):371\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics: J Consultation Liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"4795_CR39","first-page":"1739","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu R, Li G, Mao S, Yuan Y. The reliability and validity of a Chinese-version short health anxiety inventory: an investigation of university students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015;11:1739\u201347.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"4795_CR40","first-page":"210","volume":"11","author":"D Lombardi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lombardi D, Mizuno LT, Thornberry A. The use of the Zung Self-Rating depression scale to assist in the case management of patients living with HIV\/AIDS. Care Manag J. 2010;11(4):210\u20136.","journal-title":"Care Manag J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011","volume":"24","author":"BE Berger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518\u201329.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"4795_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0437-9","volume":"17","author":"VA Earnshaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Earnshaw VA, Smith LR, Chaudoir SR, Amico KR, Copenhaver MM. HIV stigma mechanisms and well-being among PLWH: a test of the HIV stigma framework. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1785\u201395.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-80","volume":"14","author":"MML dos Santos","year":"2014","unstructured":"dos Santos MML, Kruger P, Mellors SE, Wolvaardt G, van der Ryst E. An exploratory survey measuring stigma and discrimination experienced by people living with HIV\/AIDS in South africa: the people living with HIV stigma index. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):80.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"4795_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988318768603","volume":"12","author":"Z Ren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren Z, Hood RW. Internalized homophobia scale for gay Chinese men: conceptualization, factor structure, reliability, and associations with hypothesized correlates. Am J Men\u2019s Health. 2018;12(5):1297\u2013306.","journal-title":"Am J Men\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-016-0258-5","volume":"14","author":"JA Puckett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puckett JA, Newcomb ME, Ryan DT, Swann G, Garofalo R, Mustanski B. Internalized homophobia and perceived stigma: A validation study of stigma measures in a sample of young men who have sex with men. Sex Res Social Policy. 2017;14(1):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Sex Res Social Policy"},{"key":"4795_CR46","first-page":"174506","volume":"2013","author":"H Ha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ha H, Ross MW, Risser JMH, Nguyen HTM. Measurement of stigma in men who have sex with men in hanoi, vietnam: assessment of a Homosexuality-Related stigma scale. J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;2013:174506.","journal-title":"J Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4795_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9305-x","volume":"37","author":"TB Neilands","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neilands TB, Steward WT, Choi K-H. Assessment of stigma towards homosexuality in china: A study of men who have sex with men. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(5):838.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"4795_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296338","volume":"65","author":"A Klein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Klein A, Moosbrugger H. Maximum likelihood Estimation of latent interaction effects with the LMS method. Psychometrika. 2000;65(4):457\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025414552301","volume":"39","author":"J Maslowsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maslowsky J, Jager J, Hemken D. Estimating and interpreting latent variable interactions: A tutorial for applying the latent moderated structural equations method. Int J Behav Dev. 2015;39(1):87\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"4795_CR50","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide: statistical analysis with latent variables, user's guide","author":"LK Muth\u00e9n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muthen B. Mplus user\u2019s guide: statistical analysis with latent variables, user\u2019s guide. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025414552301","volume":"39","author":"J Maslowsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maslowsky J, Jager J, Hemken D. Estimating and interpreting latent variable interactions: A tutorial for applying the latent moderated structural equations method. Int J Behav Dev. 2014;39(1):87\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"LT Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model. 1999;6(1):1\u201355.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"4795_CR53","volume-title":"Eine anwendungsorientierte einf\u00fchrung in die Kausalanalyse Mit Hilfe von AMOS, SmartPLS und SPSS. Structural equation modeling an application-oriented introduction to causal analysis using AMOS, SmartPLS and SPSS]","author":"R Weiber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weiber R, M\u00fchlhaus DS. Eine anwendungsorientierte einf\u00fchrung in die Kausalanalyse Mit Hilfe von AMOS, SmartPLS und SPSS. Structural equation modeling an application-oriented introduction to causal analysis using AMOS, SmartPLS and SPSS]. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer Gabler; 2014.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"4795_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002005","volume":"21","author":"MW Browne","year":"1992","unstructured":"Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res. 1992;21(2):230\u201358.","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4795_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701710205","volume":"42","author":"AG Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein AG, Muth\u00e9n BO. Quasi-maximum likelihood Estimation of structural equation models with multiple interaction and quadratic effects. Multivar Behav Res. 2007;42(4):647\u201373.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"4795_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satorra A, Heijmans R, Pollock D. Innovations in multivariate statistical analysis: a festschrift for heinz Neudecker. Springer, 2000.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4603-0"},{"key":"4795_CR57","unstructured":"Aiken LS, West SG, Reno RR. Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Sage, 1991."},{"key":"4795_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022","volume":"110","author":"GR Bauer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bauer GR. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Soc Sci Med. 2014;110:10\u20137.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4795_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibz200","volume":"10","author":"EK Layland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Layland EK, Carter JA, Perry NS, Cienfuegos-Szalay J, Nelson KM, Bonner CP, et al. A systematic review of stigma in sexual and gender minority health interventions. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(5):1200\u201310.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1250-8","volume":"17","author":"JC Kane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kane JC, Elafros MA, Murray SM, Mitchell EMH, Augustinavicius JL, Causevic S, et al. A scoping review of health-related stigma outcomes for high-burden diseases in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):17.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802511877","volume":"21","author":"C Logie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Logie C, Gadalla TM. Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2009;21(6):742\u201353.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06980-6","volume":"21","author":"B Armoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armoon B, Higgs P, Fleury MJ, Bayat AH, Moghaddam LF, Bayani A, et al. Socio-demographic, clinical and service use determinants associated with HIV related stigma among people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1004.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4795_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021144511957","volume":"6","author":"RS Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee RS, Kochman A, Sikkema KJ. Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS Behav. 2002;6(4):309\u201319.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"4795_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105309102193","volume":"14","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Solomon SE, Zvolensky MJ, Miller CT. The interaction of Mindful-based attention and awareness and disengagement coping with HIV\/AIDS-related stigma in regard to concurrent anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with HIV\/AIDS. J Health Psychol. 2009;14(3):403\u201313.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4795_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9200-x","volume":"40","author":"LM Bogart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-Serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African\u2013American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184\u201390.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-022-00527-w","volume":"16","author":"B Armoon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Armoon B, Fleury M-J, Bayat A-H, Fakhri Y, Higgs P, Moghaddam LF, et al. HIV related stigma associated with social support, alcohol use disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2022;16(1):17.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"4795_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303744","volume":"107","author":"B Turan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Turan B, Hatcher AM, Weiser SD, Johnson MO, Rice WS, Turan JMJAJPH. Framing mechanisms linking HIV-related stigma, adherence to treatment, and health outcomes. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(6):863\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4795_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1244-y","volume":"17","author":"D Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rao D, Elshafei A, Nguyen M, Hatzenbuehler ML, Frey S, Go VF. A systematic review of multi-level stigma interventions: state of the science and future directions. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):41.","journal-title":"BMC Med"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:02:38Z","timestamp":1759838558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04795-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The study received approval from the Institutional Review Boards at both the University of South Carolina and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guangxi, China. All participants provided written consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}