{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:12:08Z","timestamp":1773493928973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH116768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH116768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1761581970000},"page":"867-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex Work Stigma as a Partial Mediator Between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Vulnerable Women Engaged in Sex Work in Southern Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Kiyingi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan S.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9088-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Proscovia","family":"Nabunya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Nsubuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phionah","family":"Namatovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Jennings Mayo-Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Sensoy Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scarlett L.","family":"Bellamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Ssewamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4942_CR1","unstructured":"Puri N, Shannon K, Nguyen P, Goldenberg SM. Burden and correlates of mental health diagnoses among sex workers in an urban setting."},{"issue":"9","key":"4942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201352","volume":"13","author":"RH Doshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doshi RH, Sande E, Ogwal M, Kiyingi H, McIntyre A, Kusiima J, et al. Progress toward UNAIDS 90\u201390-90 targets: A respondent-driven survey among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):1\u201314.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4428-z","volume":"17","author":"W Hladik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hladik W, Baughman AL, Serwadda D, Tappero JW, Kwezi R, Nakato ND, et al. Burden and characteristics of HIV infection among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda - A respondent-driven sampling survey. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9962","key":"4942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61049-7","volume":"385","author":"A Baleta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baleta A. Lives on the line: Sex work in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 2015;385(9962):e1-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00738-5","volume":"20","author":"DF Nestadt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nestadt DF, Schneider KE, Tomko C, Sherman SG. Criminalization and coercion: sexual encounters with police among a longitudinal cohort of women who exchange sex in Baltimore, Maryland. Harm Reduct J. 2023;20(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-023-00738-5.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"4942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03837-9","author":"J Kiyingi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiyingi J, Nabunya P, Kizito S, Nabayinda J, Nsubuga E, Bahar OS, et al. Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-022-03837-9.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"4942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0273238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273238","volume":"17","author":"J Kiyingi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiyingi J, Nabunya P, Bahar OS, Mayo-Wilson LJ, Tozan Y, Nabayinda J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among vulnerable women engaged in sex work: Findings from the Kyaterekera Project in Southern Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(9):e0273238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273238.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101540","volume":"51","author":"S Abdella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdella S, Demissie M, Worku A, Dheresa M, Berhane Y. HIV prevalence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia, east Africa: A cross-sectional study using a respondent-driven sampling technique. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;51:101540.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"4942_CR9","unstructured":"UNAIDS. UNAIDS data 2021. 2021."},{"key":"4942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101278","volume":"44","author":"SS Witte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Witte SS, Filippone P, Ssewamala FM, Nabunya P, Bahar OS, Mayo-Wilson LJ, et al. PrEP acceptability and initiation among women engaged in sex work in Uganda: Implications for HIV prevention. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;44:101278.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003313","volume":"95","author":"CA Morrison","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morrison CA, Corbeil T, Kluisza L, Poku O, Liotta L, Attoh Okine ND, et al. Identifying the mental health effects of cumulative traumatic exposure in HIV-affected youth: a longitudinal assessment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024;95(1):18.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"4942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113817","volume":"298","author":"P Nabunya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nabunya P, Byansi W, Damulira C, Sensoy Bahar O, Mayo-Wilson LJ, Tozan Y, et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms and post traumatic stress disorder among women engaged in commercial sex work in Southern Uganda. Psychiatry Res. 2021;298:113817.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"4942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beattie ID TS, Smilenova B, Krishnaratne SI, Mazzuca AI. Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020 [cited 2023 Sep 17]. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003297"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11207-8","volume":"21","author":"S Ouma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ouma S, Tumwesigye NM, Ndejjo R, Abbo C. Prevalence and factors associated with major depression among female sex workers in post-conflict Gulu district: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1134.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276552","author":"MM Kaggwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Bongomin F, Mamun MA, Griffiths MD. Prevalence of depression in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0276552.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07892-4","volume":"22","author":"C Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen C, Baral S, Comins CA, Mcingana M, Wang L, Phetlhu DR, et al. HIV- and sex work-related stigmas and quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):910.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Romo L, Sanmart\u00edn FJ, Velasco J. Invisible and stigmatized: A systematic review of mental health and risk factors among sex workers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2023.","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13559"},{"issue":"2","key":"4942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-017-0085-5","volume":"4","author":"CE Carlson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carlson CE, Witte SS, Pala AN, Tsai LC, Wainberg M, Aira T. The impact of violence, perceived stigma, and other work-related stressors on depressive symptoms among women engaged in sex work. Global Social Welfare. 2017;4(2):51\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40609-017-0085-5.","journal-title":"Global Social Welfare"},{"key":"4942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas A, Joshua O, Elizabeth O. Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation. Vol. 81, Annals of Medicine and Surgery. Elsevier Ltd; 2022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104421"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000149257.74854.b7","volume":"67","author":"BH Brummett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brummett BH, Mark DB, Siegler IC, Williams RB, Babyak MA, Clapp-Channing NE, et al. Perceived social support as a predictor of mortality in coronary patients: effects of smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(1):40\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","volume":"98","author":"S Cohen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"4942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22814","volume":"50","author":"A Deegan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deegan A, Dunne S. An investigation into the relationship between social support, stress, and psychological well-being in farmers. J Community Psychol. 2022;50(7):3054\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22814.","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0807-1","volume":"19","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Sensoy Bahar O, Tozan Y, Nabunya P, Mayo-Wilson LJ, Kiyingi J, et al. A combination intervention addressing sexual risk-taking behaviors among vulnerable women in Uganda: Study protocol for a cluster randomized clinical trial. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(1):111.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"4942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2021.1916054","author":"P Nabunya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nabunya P, Kiyingi J, Witte SS, Sensoy Bahar O, Jennings Mayo-Wilson L, Tozan Y, et al. Working with economically vulnerable women engaged in sex work: Collaborating with community stakeholders in Southern Uganda. Glob Public Health. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2021.1916054.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR25","unstructured":"Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The Brief Symptom Inventory\u202f: an introductory report. CambridgeOrg. 2012;(July 2009):595\u2013605. Available from: https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/psychological-medicine\/article\/brief-symptom-inventory-an-introductory-report\/307F805810B165ED58581E355F24329F"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","volume":"52","author":"GD Zimet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30\u201341.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"4942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2010.525606","volume":"23","author":"SH Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu SH, Srikrishnan AK, Zelaya CE, Solomon S, Celentano DD, Sherman SG. Measuring perceived stigma in female sex workers in Chennai, India. AIDS Care. 2011;23(5):619\u201327.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4942_CR28","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 18. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2023."},{"key":"4942_CR29","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus User\u2019s Guide. Eighth Edition. 1998. Available from: www.StatModel.com"},{"issue":"3","key":"4942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14017","volume":"11","author":"H Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan H, Wong FY, Zheng T, Ning Z, Ding Y, Nehl EJ, et al. Social support and depressive symptoms among \u2018money\u2019 boys and general men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Sex Health. 2014;11(3):285.","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"4942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00078-0","volume":"1","author":"KW Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi KW, Lee YH, Liu Z, Fatori D, Bauermeister JR, Luh RA, et al. Nature mental health Social support and depression during a global crisis. Nature Mental Health. 2023;1:428\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44220-023-00078-0.","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"key":"4942_CR32","unstructured":"Professor Tayebeh Fasihi Harandi A, Fasihi Harandi T, Mohammad Taghinasab M, Dehghan Nayeri T. Electronic Physician. 2017 [cited 2024 Jul 8];2008\u20135842."},{"issue":"4","key":"4942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.4.290","volume":"33","author":"LM Ruegsegger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruegsegger LM, Stockton M, Go VF, Piscalko H, Davis D, Hoffman IF, et al. Stigma, social support, and sexual behavior among female sex workers at risk for HIV in Malawi HHS Public Access. AIDS Educ Prev. 2021;33(4):290\u2013302.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1037\/lat0000184","volume":"9","author":"Y Johnson-Esparza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson-Esparza Y, Espinosa PR, Verney SP, Boursaw B, Smith BW. Social support protects against symptoms of anxiety and depression: key variations in Latinx and Non-Latinx white college students. J Lat Psychol. 2021;9(2):161.","journal-title":"J Lat Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23911-w","volume":"25","author":"J Kiyingi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kiyingi J, Ssewamala FM, Neilands TB, Tebbetts S, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, et al. The effect of an economic empowerment and relationship strengthening intervention on food insecurity among couples living with HIV in Malawi. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):2860.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105949","volume":"146","author":"GE L\u00f8seth","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00f8seth GE, Eikemo M, Tr\u00f8stheim M, Meier IM, Bj\u00f8rnstad H, Asratian A, et al. Stress recovery with social support: A dyadic stress and support task. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022;146:105949.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4942_CR37","first-page":"35","volume":"4","author":"F Ozbay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozbay F, Johnson DC, Dimoulas E, Morgan CA, Charney D, Southwick S. Social support and resilience to stress: from neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry. 2007;4(5):35.","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"4942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01370-x","volume":"65","author":"MA Stockton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stockton MA, Pence BW, Mbote D, Oga EA, Kraemer J, Kimani J, et al. Associations among experienced and internalized stigma, social support, and depression among male and female sex workers in Kenya. Int J Public Health. 2020;65(6):791\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR39","first-page":"174550572513417","volume":"21","author":"A Kabunga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kabunga A, Bongomin F, Ayugi V, Kigongo E. Multidimensional analysis of stigma among female sex workers in Northern Uganda: Principal component and factor analyses. Women\u2019s Health. 2025;21:17455057251341728.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-017-0119-1","volume":"17","author":"RK Wanyenze","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wanyenze RK, Musinguzi G, Kiguli J, Nuwaha F, Mujisha G, Musinguzi J, et al. \u201cWhen they know that you are a sex worker, you will be the last person to be treated\u201d: Perceptions and experiences of female sex workers in accessing HIV services in Uganda. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2017;17(1):11.","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/13634607231201736","volume":"28","author":"T Daniel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Daniel T, Lamb J, Campbell C. Avoidance and empowerment: How do sex workers navigate stigma? Sexualities. 2025;28(1\u20132):470\u201391.","journal-title":"Sexualities"},{"key":"4942_CR42","unstructured":"Mgbako C, Smith LA. Sex Work and Human Rights in Africa. Fordham Int Law J. 2011 [cited 2025 Aug 8];33. Available from: http:\/\/ir.lawnet.fordham.edu\/ilj"},{"issue":"5","key":"4942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285990","volume":"18","author":"R Kairania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kairania R, Onyango-Ouma W, Ondicho TG, Kagaayi J, Kigozi G. \u2018Mummy told me that I have HIV, that is the only thing she told me\u2019: Experiences of HIV status disclosure to children in Masaka Region, Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(5):e0285990.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4942_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251341729","author":"A Kabunga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kabunga A, Bongomin F, Ayugi V, Kigongo E. Multidimensional analysis of stigma among female sex workers in Northern Uganda: Principal component and factor analyses. Womens Health (Lond). 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057251341729.","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4942_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2022.2121957","volume":"35","author":"K Brittain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brittain K, Gomba Y, Noholoza S, Pellowski J, Mellins CA, Bekker LG, et al. HIV-related stigma, disclosure and social support: experiences among young pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2023;35(3):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.07.027","volume":"257","author":"YW Lau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lau YW, Picco L, Pang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Satghare P, Chong SA, et al. Stigma resistance and its association with internalised stigma and psychosocial outcomes among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2017;257:72\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13387-3","volume":"22","author":"R Wanjiru","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wanjiru R, Nyariki E, Babu H, Lwingi I, Liku J, Jama Z, et al. Beaten but not down! Exploring resilience among female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):965.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.027","volume":"287","author":"JR MacLean","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacLean JR, Wetherall K. The association between HIV-stigma and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review of studies conducted in South Africa. J Affect Disord. 2021;287:125\u201337.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"4942_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-024-00072-3","volume":"2","author":"M Faidas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Faidas M, Stockton MA, Mphonda SM, Sansbury G, Hedrick H, Devadas J, et al. Stigma and discrimination faced by adolescents living with HIV and experiencing depression in Malawi. BMC Global Public Health. 2024;2(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44263-024-00072-3.","journal-title":"BMC Global Public Health"},{"key":"4942_CR50","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global AIDS-strategy 2021\u20132026. ROME; 2021."}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:50:30Z","timestamp":1773489030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04942-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol received approval from institutional review boards in both Uganda and the United States of America. In Uganda, approvals were granted by the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) under reference number GC\/127\/18\/10\/690 and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) under reference number UNCST \u2013SS4828. In the United States, approvals were obtained from the Columbia University Institutional Review Board under reference number AAAR9804 and the Washington University in St. Louis Institutional Review Board under reference number #201811106.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}