{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:47:12Z","timestamp":1782406032111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019274","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD106862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD106862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019274","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AI143340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AI143340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:51:55Z","timestamp":1768218715000},"page":"1683-1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploration of Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women\u2019s Acceptability of Rapid Point-of-Care Urine Testing Within Antenatal and Postnatal Care, and Its Perceived Impact on PrEP Adherence When Paired with PrEP Biofeedback Adherence Counselling in Cape Town, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6774-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Court","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufaro","family":"Mvududu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schoetz Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Dovel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dvora L.","family":"Joseph Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4961_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Country factsheets; South Africa 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica. Accessed 22 July 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"4961_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002487","volume":"34","author":"LA Graybill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graybill LA, Kasaro M, Freeborn K, Walker JS, Poole C, Powers KA, et al. Incident HIV among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2020;34(5):761\u201376.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001608","volume":"11","author":"AL Drake","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drake AL, Wagner A, Richardson B, John-Stewart G. Incident HIV during pregnancy and postpartum and risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(2):e1001608.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy113","volume":"218","author":"KA Thomson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomson KA, Hughes J, Baeten JM, John-Stewart G, Celum C, Cohen CR, et al. Increased risk of HIV acquisition among women throughout pregnancy and during the postpartum period: a prospective per-coital-act analysis among women with HIV-infected partners. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(1):16\u201325.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4961_CR5","unstructured":"The path that ends AIDS: UNAIDS global AIDS update 2023. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS; 2023. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2023\/global-aids-update-2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002927","volume":"10","author":"LF Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson LF, Meyer-Rath G, Dorrington RE, Puren A, Seathlodi T, Zuma K, et al. The effect of HIV programmes in South Africa on national HIV incidence trends, 2000\u20132019. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022;10(2):115\u201323.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"4961_CR7","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"4961_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. WHO Technical brief: Preventing HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of pre- exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Available from https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/255866\/WHO-HIV-2017.09-eng.pdf."},{"key":"4961_CR9","unstructured":"South African guidelines for the provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to persons at substantial risk of HIV infection (2020). Available at https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/South-Africa-PrEP-Guidelines_Jan2020.pdf. Accessed 30 July 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003729","volume":"38","author":"D Joseph Davey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Nyemba DC, Mvududu R, Mashele N, Johnson L, Bekker LG, et al. Pregnancy outcomes following self-reported and objective-measured exposure to oral preexposure prophylaxis in South Africa. AIDS. 2024;38(1):75\u201383.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"10281","key":"4961_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00570-5","volume":"397","author":"P Van de Perre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van de Perre P, Goga A, Ngandu N, Nagot N, Moodley D, King R, et al. Eliminating postnatal HIV transmission in high incidence areas: need for complementary biomedical interventions. Lancet. 2021;397(10281):1316\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"4961_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e746","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00240-6","volume":"11","author":"DL Joseph Davey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joseph Davey DL, Mvududu R, Mashele N, Bheemraj K, Khadka N, Johnson LF, et al. Initiation and continued use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa (PrEP-PP): a demonstration cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2024;11(11):e746\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"12","key":"4961_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26044","volume":"25","author":"D Joseph Davey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Nyemba DC, Castillo-Mancilla J, Wiesner L, Norman J, Mvududu R, et al. Adherence challenges with daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South African women: a cohort study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(12):e26044.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"4961_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0464","volume":"331","author":"J Marrazzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marrazzo J, Tao L, Becker M, Leech AA, Taylor A, Ussery F, et al. HIV preexposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate among cisgender women. JAMA. 2024;331(11):930\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"4961_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03320-x","volume":"25","author":"D Joseph Davey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Knight L, Markt-Maloney J, Tsawe N, Gomba Y, Mashele N, et al. I had made the decision, and no one was going to stop me\" - facilitators of PrEP adherence during pregnancy and postpartum in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2021;25(12):3978\u201386.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"4961_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e582","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30102-8","volume":"7","author":"J Pintye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pintye J, Joeseph Davey D, Wagner AD, John-Stewart G, Baggaley R, Bekker LG, et al. Defining gaps in pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery for pregnant and post-partum women in high-burden settings using an implementation science framework. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(8):e582\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"3","key":"4961_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9078-6","volume":"10","author":"JM Simoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simoni JM, Kurth AE, Pearson CR, Pantalone DW, Merrill JO, Frick PA. Self-report measures of antiretroviral therapy adherence: a review with recommendations for HIV research and clinical management. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(3):227\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-006-9078-6.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"4961_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002486","volume":"85","author":"S Hebel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hebel S, Kahn-Woods E, Malone-Thomas S, McNeese M, Thornton L, Sukhija-Cohen A, et al. Brief report: discrepancies between self-reported adherence and a biomarker of adherence in real-world settings. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;85(4):454\u20137.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"16","key":"4961_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000801","volume":"29","author":"A Van der Straten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van der Straten A, Montgomery ET, Musara P, Etima J, Naidoo S, Laborde N, et al. Disclosure of pharmacokinetic drug results to understand nonadherence. AIDS. 2015;29(16):2161\u201371.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"4961_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003670","volume":"18","author":"C Celum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Celum C, Hosek S, Tsholwana M, Kassim S, Mukaka S, Dye BJ, et al. PrEP uptake, persistence, adherence, and effect of retrospective drug level feedback on PrEP adherence among young women in southern Africa: results from HPTN 082, a randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2021;18(6):e1003670.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4961_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001538","volume":"76","author":"RJ Landovitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landovitz RJ, Beymer M, Kofron R, Amico KR, Psaros C, Bushman L, et al. Plasma tenofovir levels to support adherence to TDF\/FTC preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in MSM in Los Angeles, California. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;76(5):501\u201311.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1609-1","volume":"21","author":"ET Montgomery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montgomery ET, Mensch B, Musara P, Hartmann M, Woeber K, Etima J, et al. Misreporting of product adherence in the MTN-003\/VOICE trial for HIV prevention in Africa: participants\u2019 explanations for dishonesty. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(2):481\u201391.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"4961_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2018.08.004","volume":"2","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Rodrigues WC, Spinelli M, Koss CA, Drain PK, et al. Development and validation of an immunoassay for tenofovir in urine as a real-time metric of antiretroviral adherence. EClinicalMedicine. 2018;2(3):22\u20138.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001971","volume":"81","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Spinelli MA, Okochi H, Baeten JM, Siriprakaisil O, et al. Brief report: validation of a urine tenofovir immunoassay for adherence monitoring to PrEP and ART and establishing the cutoff for a point-of-care test. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81(1):72\u20137.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002395","volume":"34","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Wang G, King R, Rodrigues WC, Vincent M, Glidden DV, et al. Development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to objectively monitor adherence to HIV treatment and prevention in real-time in routine settings. AIDS. 2020;34(2):255\u201360.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002322","volume":"84","author":"MA Spinelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spinelli MA, Rodrigues WC, Wang G, Vincent M, Glidden DV, Okochi H, et al. Brief report: high accuracy of a real-time urine antibody-based tenofovir point-of-care test compared with laboratory-based ELISA in diverse populations. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;84(2):149\u201352.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4961_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e522","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00125-5","volume":"11","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Glidden DV, Chakravarty D, Wang G, Biwott C, Mogere P, et al. Impact of a point-of-care urine tenofovir assay on adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among women in Kenya: a randomised pilot trial. The Lancet HIV. 2024;11(8):e522\u201330.","journal-title":"The Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"14","key":"4961_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003988","volume":"38","author":"K Zewdie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zewdie K, Muwonge T, Ssebuliba T, Bambia F, Nampewo O, Stein G, et al. A point-of-care tenofovir urine test improves accuracy of self-reported preexposure prophylaxis adherence and increases condomless sex reporting among young women. AIDS. 2024;38(14):1965\u201371.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"4961_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26389","volume":"27","author":"B Gati Mirembe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gati Mirembe B, Donnell D, Krows M, Zwane Z, Bukusi E, Panchia R, et al. High recent PrEP adherence with point-of-care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort. J Int AIDS Soc. 2024;27(12):e26389.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4961_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30402-3","volume":"7","author":"PK Drain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drain PK, Dorward J, Violette LR, Quame-Amaglo J, Thomas KK, Samsunder N, et al. Point-of-care HIV viral load testing combined with task shifting to improve treatment outcomes (STREAM): findings from an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(4):e229\u201337.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"9","key":"4961_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03652-2","volume":"26","author":"I Beesham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beesham I, Dovel K, Mashele N, Bekker LG, Gorbach P, Coates TJ, et al. Barriers to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence among pregnant and post-partum women from Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2022;26(9):3079\u201387.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25866","volume":"25","author":"D Joseph Davey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Mvududu R, Mashele N, Lesosky M, Khadka N, Bekker LG, et al. Early pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation and continuation among pregnant and postpartum women in antenatal care in Cape Town, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(2):e25866.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"4961_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab048","volume":"11","author":"O Perski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perski O, Short CE. Acceptability of digital health interventions: embracing the complexity. Transl Behav Med. 2021;11(7):1473\u201380.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13652-5","volume":"22","author":"D Joseph Davey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Dovel K, Cleary S, Khadka N, Mashele N, Silliman M, et al. Stepped care to optimize pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness in pregnant and postpartum women (SCOPE-PP) in South Africa: a randomized control trial. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1306.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0089","volume":"29","author":"JR Castillo-Mancilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castillo-Mancilla JR, Zheng JH, Rower JE, Meditz A, Gardner EM, Predhomme J, et al. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for determining recent and cumulative drug exposure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(2):384\u201390.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"4961_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0229","volume":"31","author":"JR Castillo-Mancilla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castillo-Mancilla JR, Searls K, Caraway P, Zheng JH, Gardner EM, Predhomme J, et al. Short communication: tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots as an objective measure of adherence in HIV-infected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2015;31(4):428\u201332.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"7","key":"4961_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25957","volume":"25","author":"LE Mansoor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansoor LE, Lewis L, Naicker CL, Harkoo I, Dawood H, Naidoo K, et al. Prospective study of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation and adherence among young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(7):e25957.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"4961_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1292-2","volume":"20","author":"N Musinguzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Musinguzi N, Muwonge T, Thomas K, Baeten JM, Bangsberg DR, Haberer JE. Does adherence change when no one is looking? Comparing announced and unannounced tenofovir levels in a PrEP trial. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(11):2639\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"4961_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S248696","volume":"15","author":"A Hannaford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hannaford A, Arens Y, Koenig H. Real-time monitoring and point-of-care testing: a review of the current landscape of PrEP adherence monitoring. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:259\u201369.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"4961_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17299-1_2337","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research","author":"RS Robinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robinson RS. Purposive sampling. In: Maggino F, editor. Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Cham: Springer; 2023. p. 5645\u20137."},{"issue":"8","key":"4961_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987120927206","volume":"25","author":"S Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell S, Greenwood M, Prior S, Shearer T, Walkem K, Young S, et al. Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. J Res Nurs. 2020;25(8):652\u201361.","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"key":"4961_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17348\/era.5.0.147-158","author":"M Tongco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tongco M. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Res Appl. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17348\/era.5.0.147-158.","journal-title":"Ethnobotany Res Appl"},{"key":"4961_CR43","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, McCallum J, Howes D. Defining exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) research and considering its application to healthcare. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care. 2019; 4 (1)."},{"issue":"7","key":"4961_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732303253488","volume":"13","author":"M Sandelowski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandelowski M, Barroso J. Classifying the findings in qualitative studies. Qual Health Res. 2003;13(7):905\u201323.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"4961_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112516","volume":"280","author":"AB Hamilton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamilton AB, Finley EP. Qualitative methods in implementation research: an introduction. Psychiatry Res. 2019;280:112516.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597","volume":"24","author":"V Braun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Toward good practice in thematic analysis: avoiding common problems and be(com)ing a knowing researcher. Int J Transgender Health. 2023;24(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Transgender Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","volume":"17","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, Widerquist MAO, Lowery J. The updated consolidated framework for implementation research based on user feedback. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):75.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"4961_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","volume":"6","author":"S Michie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6:42.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","volume":"17","author":"M Sekhon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sekhon M, Cartwright M, Francis JJ. Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):88.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000196","volume":"9","author":"V Braun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis. Qual Psychol. 2022;9(1):3\u201326.","journal-title":"Qual Psychol"},{"key":"4961_CR51","unstructured":"Dedoose Version 9.0.107, cloud application for managing, analyzing, and presenting qualitative and mixed method research data (2025). Los Angeles, CA: SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC www.dedoose.com."},{"key":"4961_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King N, Brooks JM. Template Analysis for Business and Management Students. 55 City Road, London: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2017: https:\/\/methods.sagepub.com\/book\/mono\/template-analysis-for-business-and-management-students\/toc. Accessed 2025\/02\/09.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473983304"},{"key":"4961_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000172593.20181.14","volume":"37","author":"P Ulin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ulin P, Robinson E, Tolley E. Qualitative methods in public health: a field guide for applied research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:1249.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4961_CR54","first-page":"103","volume":"11","author":"L Finlay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finlay L. Thematic analysis: the \u2018good\u2019, the \u2018bad\u2019 and the \u2018ugly.\u2019 EJQRP. 2021;11:103\u201316.","journal-title":"EJQRP"},{"issue":"2","key":"4961_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh.2011.022","volume":"23","author":"YY Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen YY, Shek DT, Bu FF. Applications of interpretive and constructionist research methods in adolescent research: philosophy, principles and examples. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2011;23(2):129\u201339.","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"4961_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26255","author":"A Mujugira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mujugira A, Karungi B, Mugisha J, Nakyanzi A, Nampewo O, Naddunga F, et al. Urine tenofovir testing for real-time PrEP adherence feedback: a qualitative study involving transgender women in Uganda. J Int AIDS Soc. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.26255.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"4961_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1587369","volume":"31","author":"T Hunt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunt T, Lalley-Chareczko L, Daughtridge G, Swyryn M, Koenig H. Challenges to PrEP use and perceptions of urine tenofovir adherence monitoring reported by individuals on PrEP. AIDS Care. 2019;31(10):1203\u20136.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"4961_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03255-3","volume":"25","author":"N Thuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thuo N, Polay M, Leddy AM, Ngure K, Chatterhee P, Gandhi M, et al. Point-of-care test for assessing tenofovir adherence: feasibility and recommendations from women in an oral PrEP program in Kenya and their healthcare providers. AIDS Behav. 2021;25(11):3617\u201329.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"4961_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2023.2174928","volume":"35","author":"A McInziba","year":"2023","unstructured":"McInziba A, Wademan D, Viljoen L, Myburgh H, Jennings L, Decloedt E, et al. Perspectives of people living with HIV and health workers about a point-of-care adherence assay: a qualitative study on acceptability. AIDS Care. 2023;35(10):1628\u201334.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4961_CR60","unstructured":"Joseph Davey D, Bhreemraj K, Mvududu R, Dadan S, Dovel K, Cleary S, et al. Impact of urine TFV testing on PrEP adherence in South African pregnant & postpartum women: an RCT. Paper presented at: CROI, March 2025; San Francisco, California."},{"issue":"1","key":"4961_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-020-00308-w","volume":"17","author":"AR Bardon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bardon AR, Simoni JM, Layman LM, Stekler JD, Drain PK. Perspectives on the utility and interest in a point-of-care urine tenofovir test for adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy: an exploratory qualitative assessment among U.S. clients and providers. AIDS Res Ther. 2020;17(1):50.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"4961_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70004","volume":"28","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang M, Moodley P, Khanyile M, Bulo E, Zondi M, et al. Cost and clinical flow of point-of-care urine tenofovir testing for treatment monitoring among people living with HIV initiating ART in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2025;28(7):e70004.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:02:43Z","timestamp":1782403363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-04961-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Our study received ethical approval from UCT HREC (Ref: 117\/2022), the Western Cape Health Research Committee (Ref: WC_202206_003) and City of Cape Town Health Research Committee (Ref: 8148).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participants"}}]}}