{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:48:30Z","timestamp":1782402510138,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T07:13:48Z","timestamp":1767078828000},"page":"1893-1907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Excess Mortality Among People with HIV in Florida During the Initial Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Surveillance-Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurya","family":"Dhungel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle A.","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tendai","family":"Gwanzura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Zagaynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Ariful","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colby","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bursac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Trepka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"5014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13167","volume":"23","author":"AE Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown AE, Croxford SE, Nash S, Khawam J, Kirwan P, Kall M, et al. COVID-19 mortality among people with diagnosed HIV compared to those without during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. HIV Med. 2022;23:90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13167.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"5014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30305-2","volume":"8","author":"K Bhaskaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, MacKenna B, Schultze A, Mehrkar A, Bates CJ, et al. HIV infection and COVID-19 death: a population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e24-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30305-2.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"5014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-022-00618-w","author":"MA Spinelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spinelli MA, Jones BLH, Gandhi M. COVID-19 outcomes and risk factors among people living with HIV. Curr HIV AIDS Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-022-00618-w.","journal-title":"Curr HIV AIDS Rep"},{"key":"5014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1021","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1793","volume":"72","author":"SL Braunstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braunstein SL, Lazar R, Wahnich A, Daskalakis DC, Blackstock OJ. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among people with human immunodeficiency virus in New York City: a population-level analysis of linked surveillance data. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:E1021\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1793.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069","author":"JM Tesoriero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tesoriero JM, Swain CAE, Pierce JL, Zamboni L, Wu M, Holtgrave DR, et al. COVID-19 outcomes among persons living with or without diagnosed HIV infection in New York State. JAMA Netw Open. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"5014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026573","author":"Y Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong Y, Li Z, Ding S, Liu S, Tang Z, Jia L, et al. HIV infection and risk of COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000026573.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.00000000000007918","author":"KW Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller KW, Gandhi RT. The severity of COVID-19 across the spectrum of HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COH.00000000000007918.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"5014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003378","volume":"95","author":"V-T Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen V-T, Nagavedu K, Morrison M, Chen T, Randall LM, Landazabal C, et al. COVID-19 severity in people with HIV compared with those without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024;95(5):479\u201385.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00447-1","volume":"10","author":"M Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang M, Luo N, Chen M, Chen C, Singh S, Singh S, et al. Prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 in HIV co-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Ther. 2021;10:1267\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-021-00447-1.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"5014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.05.006","author":"T Dzinamarira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dzinamarira T, Murewanhema G, Chitungo I, Ngara B, Nkambule SJ, Madziva R, et al. Risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.05.006.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"5014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.05036","author":"G Favara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Favara G, Barchitta M, Maugeri A, Faro G, Agodi A. HIV infection does not affect the risk of death of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Glob Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.12.05036.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"5014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002607","volume":"34","author":"EA Meyerowitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meyerowitz EA, Kim AY, Ard KL, Basgoz N, Chu JT, Hurtado RM, et al. Disproportionate burden of coronavirus disease 2019 among racial minorities and those in congregate settings among a large cohort of people with HIV. AIDS. 2020;34:1781\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002607.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-021-00596-5","author":"DK Nomah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nomah DK, Reyes-Urue\u00f1a J, Llibre JM, Ambrosioni J, Ganem FS, Mir\u00f3 JM, et al. HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: epidemiological, clinical features, and future implications for clinical care and public health for people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV most-at-risk groups. Curr HIV AIDS Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-021-00596-5.","journal-title":"Curr HIV AIDS Rep"},{"key":"5014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002531","author":"D Sachdev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sachdev D, Mara E, Hsu L, Scheer S, Rutherford GM. COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes among people living with HIV in San Francisco. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002531.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1351690","author":"SA Rivkees","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivkees SA. The shifting impact and response to COVID-19 in Florida. Front Public Health. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1351690.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"5014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-11133943","volume":"61","author":"TB Foster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Foster TB, Fernandez L, Porter SR, Pharris-Ciurej N. Black-white mortality gaps widened during pandemic, Hispanic mortality advantage disappeared. Demography. 2024;61:59\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/00703370-11133943.","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"5014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtin SC, Heron M. COVID-19 Death Rates in Urban and Rural Areas: United States, 2020. 2022 Oct. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36301229\/. Accessed 22 Sep 2025","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:121523"},{"key":"5014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Millett GA. New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID-19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25639\/full","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25639\/full"},{"key":"5014_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organization. HIV and COVID-19. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/covid-19. Accessed 6 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossen LM, Branum AM, Farida ;, Ahmad B, Sutton P, Anderson RN. Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19, by Age and Race and Ethnicity. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020;69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6942e2","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6942e2"},{"key":"5014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000096","author":"KR Weinberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weinberger KR, Harris D, Spangler KR, Zanobetti A, Wellenius GA. Estimating the number of excess deaths attributable to heat in 297 United States counties. Environ Epidemiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000096.","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"5014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3391","volume":"180","author":"DM Weinberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weinberger DM, Chen J, Cohen T, Crawford FW, Mostashari F, Olson D, et al. Estimation of excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, March to May 2020. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180:1336\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3391.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"5014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30209-2","volume":"2","author":"C Santos-Burgoa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos-Burgoa C, Sandberg J, Su\u00e1rez E, Goldman-Hawes A, Zeger S, Garcia-Meza A, et al. Differential and persistent risk of excess mortality from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico: a time-series analysis. Lancet Planetary Health. 2018;2:e478\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30209-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"5014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Outbreak \u2014 New York City. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5"},{"key":"5014_CR25","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018\u20132022. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2024;29(No. 1). 2024 May. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv-data\/nhss\/estimated-hiv-incidence-and-prevalence.html. Accessed 6 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR26","unstructured":"AIDSVu. Understanding the Current HIV Epidemic in Florida. https:\/\/map.aidsvu.org\/profiles\/state\/florida\/overview. Accessed 6 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65573","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Parisi C, Sun C, Fisk-Hoffman R, Salemi M, Viteri D, et al. Behavioral and demographic profiles of HIV transmission and exposure networks in Florida: network analysis of HIV contact tracing data. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/65573.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"5014_CR28","unstructured":"Florida Vital Statistics. VitalChek. https:\/\/www.vitalchek.com\/v\/vital-records\/florida\/florida-vital-statistics. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR29","unstructured":"Social Security Administration. Requesting SSA\u2019s Death Information. https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/dataexchange\/request_dmf.html. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR30","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control. National Death Index. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ndi\/index.html. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.01.22271713","author":"RL Richards","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richards RL, Foster G, Elderd BD, Dallas TA. Comparing waves of COVID-19 in the US: scale of response changes over time. medRxiv. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.03.01.22271713.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"5014_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255063","author":"BE Dixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dixon BE, Grannis SJ, Lembcke LR, Valvi N, Roberts AR, Embi PJ, et al. The synchronicity of COVID-19 disparities: statewide epidemiologic trends in SARS-CoV-2 morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality among racial minorities and in rural America. PLoS ONE. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255063.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5014_CR33","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration. Response to Comments on Revised Geographic Eligibility for Federal Office of Rural Health Policy Grants. 2021. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2021\/01\/12\/2021-00443\/response-to-comments-on-revised-geographic-eligibility-for-federal-office-of-rural-health-policy. Accessed 15 Sep 2024."},{"key":"5014_CR34","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration. Federal Office of Rural Health Policy Data Files. https:\/\/www.hrsa.gov\/rural-health\/about-us\/what-is-rural\/data-files. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR35","unstructured":"American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2009-2023). https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/developers\/data-sets\/acs-5year.2020.html#list-tab-1806015614. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.02.015","volume":"52","author":"M H\u00f6hle","year":"2008","unstructured":"H\u00f6hle M, Paul M. Count data regression charts for the monitoring of surveillance time series. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2008;52:4357\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csda.2008.02.015.","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"5014_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farringtont CP, Andrews NJ, Beale AD, Catchpole MA. A statistical algorithm for the early detection of outbreaks of infectious disease J. R Stat Soc A. 1996. https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssa\/article\/159\/3\/547\/7102453","DOI":"10.2307\/2983331"},{"key":"5014_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5595","volume":"32","author":"A Noufaily","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noufaily A, Enki DG, Farrington P, Garthwaite P, Andrews N, Charlett A. An improved algorithm for outbreak detection in multiple surveillance systems. Stat Med. 2013;32:1206\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.5595.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"5014_CR39","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control. Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/covid19\/excess_deaths.htm. Accessed 15 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR40","unstructured":"Naing NN. Easy way to learn standardization\u202f: direct and indirect methods. Malay J Med Sci. 2000."},{"key":"5014_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003347","volume":"95","author":"A Viguerie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viguerie A, Song R, Bosh K, Lyles CM, Farnham PG. Mortality among persons with HIV in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024;95:126\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003347.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5014_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19545","author":"SH Woolf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woolf SH, Chapman DA, Sabo RT, Weinberger DM, Hill L, Taylor DSDH. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and Other Causes, March-July 2020. J Am Med Assoc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.19545.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5014_CR43","unstructured":"Laughlin L, Wisniewski M. Unequally Essential: Women and Gender Pay Gap During COVID-19. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2021\/03\/unequally-essential-women-and-gender-pay-gap-during-covid-19.html. Accessed 2 Oct 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23145","volume":"63","author":"D Hawkins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawkins D. Differential occupational risk for COVID-19 and other infection exposure according to race and ethnicity. Am J Ind Med. 2020;63:817\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23145.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"5014_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-023-09817-8","author":"AN Luck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luck AN, Elo IT, Preston SH, Paglino E, Hempstead K, Stokes AC. COVID-19 and all-cause mortality by race, ethnicity, and age across five periods of the pandemic in the United States. Popul Res Policy Rev. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11113-023-09817-8.","journal-title":"Popul Res Policy Rev"},{"key":"5014_CR46","volume-title":"Examining the impact: COVID-19 and the Hispanic community","author":"M Yoch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoch M. Examining the impact: COVID-19 and the Hispanic community. Washington: Institute for Health Metric Evaluation; 2021."},{"key":"5014_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12815","volume":"40","author":"KA Ahrens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahrens KA, Rossen LM, Milkowski C, Gelsinger C, Ziller E. Excess deaths associated with COVID-19 by rurality and demographic factors in the United States. J Rural Health. 2024;40:491\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.12815.","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"key":"5014_CR48","unstructured":"Ahn T et al. 15 Facts about Latino Well-Being in Florida | Latino Policy & Politics Institute. https:\/\/latino.ucla.edu\/research\/15-facts-latinos-florida\/. Accessed 6 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.08.026","volume":"58","author":"JB Kirby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kirby JB, Yabroff KR. Rural\u2013urban differences in access to primary care: beyond the usual source of care provider. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58:89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.08.026.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"5014_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.101021","author":"CA Ackley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ackley CA, Lundberg DJ, Ma L, Elo IT, Preston SH, Stokes AC. County-level estimates of excess mortality associated with COVID-19 in the United States. SSM Popul Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.101021.","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"5014_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schramm J, Figueiredo C. The US essential workforce ages 50 and older. Washington, DC; 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26419\/PPI.00111.001","DOI":"10.26419\/PPI.00111.001"},{"key":"5014_CR52","unstructured":"Kearney A, Mu\u00f1ana C. Taking Stock of Essential Workers | KFF. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/policy-watch\/taking-stock-of-essential-workers\/. Accessed 2 Oct 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.04.011","volume":"71","author":"Z Gant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gant Z, Dailey A, Wang S, Johnson Lyons S, Watson M, Lee K, et al. Trends in HIV care outcomes among adults and adolescents in the U.S. South, 2015\u20132019. Ann Epidemiol. 2022;71:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.04.011.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"5014_CR54","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control. NVSS - Possible Solutions to Common Problems in Death Certification. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/writing-cod-statements\/death_certification_problems.htm. Accessed 6 Sep 2024"},{"key":"5014_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20150010","volume":"26","author":"MN Mieno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mieno MN, Tanaka N, Arai T, Kawahara T, Kuchiba A, Ishikawa S, et al. Accuracy of death certificates and assessment of factors for misclassification of underlying cause of death. J Epidemiol. 2016;26:191\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.JE20150010.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5014_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3","volume":"399","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Paulson KR, Pease SA, Watson S, Comfort H, Zheng P, et al. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020\u201321. Lancet. 2022;399:1513\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5014_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7148a1","volume":"71","author":"KW Hoover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoover KW, Zhu W, Gant ZC, Delaney KP, Wiener J, Carnes N, et al. HIV services and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, 2019-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1505\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7148a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5014_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2022.04.002","author":"J Shaver","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaver J. The state of telehealth before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary Care Clin Off Pract. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2022.04.002.","journal-title":"Primary Care Clin Off Pract"},{"key":"5014_CR59","unstructured":"US Department of State. PEPFAR Technical Guidance in Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. 2022. https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/01.19.2022-PEPFAR-Technical-Guidance-During-COVID.pdf. Accessed 23 Sep 2025"},{"key":"5014_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7226a5","volume":"72","author":"JM Masterson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masterson JM, Luu M, Dallas KB, Daskivich LP, Spiegel B, Daskivich TJ. Disparities in COVID-19 disease incidence by income and vaccination coverage \u2014 81 communities, Los Angeles, California, July 2020\u2013September 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:728\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7226a5.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5014_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7125e1","volume":"71","author":"JA Gold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gold JA, Kelleher J, Magid J, Jackson BR, Pennini ME, Kushner D, et al. Dispensing of oral antiviral drugs for treatment of COVID-19 by zip code-level social vulnerability\u2014 United States, December 23, 2021\u2013May 21, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:825\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7125e1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5014_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041446","author":"J Gaitens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaitens J, Condon M, Fernandes E, McDiarmid M. Covid-19 and essential workers: A narrative review of health outcomes and moral injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18041446.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5014_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116007","author":"SY Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan SY, Foo CD, Verma M, Hanvoravongchai P, Cheh PLJ, Pholpark A, et al. Mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations: lessons for improving health and social equity. Soc Sci Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116007.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1782400627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-025-05014-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"An approval was obtained from Florida Department of Health Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Florida International University Social Behavioral IRB.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"As this study involved secondary analysis of de-identified data, informed consent from individual participants was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}