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Improved data on risk and protective behaviours among TNB people could help identify unmet needs. We analysed data from the Sex and Prevention of Transmission Study, a cross-sectional HIV behavioural surveillance programme in Aotearoa New Zealand that extended eligibility to TNB participants for the first time in 2022. We categorised TNB participants who reported sex with GBM\u2009&lt;\u20095 years into four groups: trans women (TW), trans men (TM), non-binary people assigned male at birth (AMAB), non-binary people assigned female at birth (AFAB). TNB participants were younger, more socioeconomically disadvantaged, and reported more long\u2011term disability than cis GBM. Compared to cis GBM, TM and non-binary AFAB participants reported fewer male partners and more sex with women and non\u2011binary partners, whereas TW and non-binary AMAB participants\u2019 partnering more closely resembled cis GBM. HIV testing\u2009&lt;\u200912 months was lower across all TNB groups, and PrEP\u2009&lt;\u20096 months was lower among TM and non-binary AFAB participants. Sexually transmitted infection screening and diagnosis\u2009&lt;\u200912 months appeared similar across all participants; few TNB participants reported living with HIV. TNB participants reported higher levels of negative healthcare experiences and injecting drug use, but not methamphetamine use. Each TNB subpopulation had a unique behavioural profile that differed from both other TNB participants and cis GBM. Lower uptake of HIV testing and PrEP could reflect less risk exposure, service barriers, or both.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-026-05279-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:02:01Z","timestamp":1786456921000},"page":"2843-2855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sexual Behaviour, HIV Prevention and Testing Among Transgender and Non-binary People in a Cross-Sectional Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Aotearoa New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.W.","family":"Saxton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Bentham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke M.","family":"Hollingshead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashe","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8833-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Paynter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1027-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koson Tony","family":"Sriamporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9839","key":"5279_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60821-6","volume":"380","author":"C Beyrer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beyrer C, Baral SD, Van Griensven F, Goodreau SM, Chariyalertsak S, Wirtz AL, et al. 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