{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:31:51Z","timestamp":1789129911565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:50:29Z","timestamp":1789127429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial\/Ethnic Disparity Among Persons Newly Diagnosed with HIV in New York State"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Tote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Collura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5283_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7022a1","author":"KA Bosh","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bosh KA, Hall HI, Eastham L, Daskalakis DC, Mermin JH. Estimated annual number of HIV infections\u2014United States, 1981-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7022a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5283_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00395-0","author":"PS Sullivan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sullivan PS, Satcher Johnson A, Pembleton ES, et al. Epidemiology of HIV in the USA: epidemic burden, inequities, contexts, and responses. Lancet. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00395-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5283_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018\u20132022. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report. 2024."},{"key":"5283_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HIV surveillance data: United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, 2022. HIV Surveillance Report Supplemental Report. 2024."},{"key":"5283_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5365","author":"JA Grey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grey JA, Bernstein KT, Sullivan PS, et al. Estimating the population sizes of men who have sex with men in US states and counties using data from the American community survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/publichealth.5365.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"5283_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac543","author":"H Bradley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bradley H, Hall EW, Asher A, et al. Estimated number of people who inject drugs in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac543.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5283_CR7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV surveillance report, 2020. 2022."},{"key":"5283_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01165-6","author":"TV Giannouchos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannouchos TV, Crouch E, Merrell MA, Brown MJ, Harrison SE, Pearson WS. Racial, ethnic, and rural\/urban disparities in HIV and sexually transmitted infections in South Carolina. J Community Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01165-6.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"5283_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnoses, deaths, and prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, 2022. HIV Surveillance Report Supplemental Report. 2024."},{"key":"5283_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001977","author":"DH McCree","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCree DH, Williams AM, Chesson HW, et al. Changes in disparities in estimated HIV incidence rates among Black, Hispanic\/Latino, and White men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, 2010-2015. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001977.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5283_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257583","author":"EG Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin EG, Ansari B, Hart-Malloy R, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018. PLoS ONE. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0257583.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5283_CR12","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health. Ending the epidemic: beyond 2020. 2021."},{"key":"5283_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2020.0244","author":"CA Pearson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pearson CA, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, et al. Internalized HIV stigma predicts suboptimal retention in care among people living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2020.0244.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"5283_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.001","author":"WS Rice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rice WS, Logie CH, Napoles TM, et al. Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.001.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"5283_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306734","author":"C Nnaji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nnaji C, Boo B. Intersecting stigmas: being Black African, immigrant, and living with HIV in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306734.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5283_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02462-3","author":"J Raifman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raifman J, Dean LT, Montgomery MC, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02462-3.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"5283_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7047a3","author":"AR Baugher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baugher AR, Trujillo L, Kanny D, et al. Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in awareness of preexposure prophylaxis among HIV-negative heterosexually active adults at increased risk for HIV infection\u201423 urban areas, United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7047a3.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5283_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002712","author":"CM Schumacher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schumacher CM, Tao X, Chandran A, et al. Reaching those most at risk for HIV acquisition: evaluating racial\/ethnic disparities in the preexposure prophylaxis care continuum in Baltimore City, Maryland. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002712.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5283_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002347","author":"HM Scott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scott HM, Spinelli M, Vittinghoff E, et al. Racial\/ethnic and HIV risk category disparities in preexposure prophylaxis discontinuation among patients in publicly funded primary care clinics. AIDS. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002347.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5283_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002577","author":"WC Goedel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goedel WC, Bessey S, Lurie MN, et al. Projecting the impact of equity-based preexposure prophylaxis implementation on racial disparities in HIV incidence among MSM. AIDS. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002577.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5283_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy230","author":"SM Jenness","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jenness SM, Maloney KM, Smith DK, et al. Addressing gaps in HIV preexposure prophylaxis care to reduce racial disparities in HIV incidence in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwy230.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5283_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00711-w","author":"AS Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller AS, Krakower DS, Mayer KH. The potential of long-acting, injectable PrEP, and impediments to its uptake. J Urban Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-022-00711-w.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"5283_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0719-x","author":"ME Levy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levy ME, Wilton L, Phillips G 2nd, et al. Understanding structural barriers to accessing HIV testing and prevention services among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. AIDS Behav. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-014-0719-x.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"5283_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25286","author":"SP Masiano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masiano SP, Martin EG, Bono RS, et al. Suboptimal geographic accessibility to comprehensive HIV care in the US: regional and urban-rural differences. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25286.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"5283_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0303-1","author":"U Ibragimov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ibragimov U, Beane S, Adimora AA, et al. Relationship of racial residential segregation to newly diagnosed cases of HIV among Black heterosexuals in US metropolitan areas, 2008\u20132015. J Urban Health. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-018-0303-1.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"5283_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305220","author":"Y Gai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gai Y, Marthinsen J. Medicaid expansion, HIV testing, and HIV-related risk behaviors in the United States, 2010-2017. Am J Public Health. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305220.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5283_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.10.021","author":"B Fayaz Farkhad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fayaz Farkhad B, Holtgrave DR, Albarracin D. Effect of Medicaid expansions on HIV diagnoses and pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Am J Prev Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.10.021.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"5283_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03641-5","author":"J Logan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Logan J, Crepaz N, Luo F, et al. HIV care outcomes in relation to racial redlining and structural factors affecting medical care access among Black and White persons with diagnosed HIV\u2014United States, 2017. AIDS Behav. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-022-03641-5.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"5283_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ708","author":"H Bradley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradley H, Viall AH, Wortley PM, Dempsey A, Hauck H, Skarbinski J. Ryan White HIV\/AIDS program assistance and HIV treatment outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ708.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5283_CR30","first-page":"91","volume":"27","author":"T Ginossar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ginossar T, Oetzel J, Van Meter L, Gans AA, Gallant JE. The Ryan White HIV\/AIDS program after the patient protection and affordable care act full implementation: a critical review of predictions, evidence, and future directions. Top Antivir Med. 2019;27:91.","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med."},{"key":"5283_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30342-8","author":"WC Goedel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goedel WC, Marshall BDL, Galvani AP. Universal health care needed to end HIV epidemic in the USA. Lancet HIV. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30342-8.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"5283_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25625","author":"BA Godley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godley BA, Schoenbach VJ, Adimora AA. Racial justice and HIV in the United States: now is the time. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25625.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"5283_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000724","author":"L Bowleg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bowleg L, Malekzadeh AN, Mbaba M, Boone CA. Ending the HIV epidemic for all, not just some: structural racism as a fundamental but overlooked social-structural determinant of the US HIV epidemic. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COH.0000000000000724.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"5283_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002965","author":"SE Harrison","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harrison SE, Muessig K, Poteat T, et al. Addressing racism\u2019s role in the US HIV epidemic: qualitative findings from three ending the HIV epidemic prevention projects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002965.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"5283_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2010.00587.x","author":"S Harper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harper S, King NB, Meersman SC, Reichman ME, Breen N, Lynch J. Implicit value judgments in the measurement of health inequalities. Milbank Q. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2010.00587.x.","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"5283_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"141","author":"K Keppel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keppel K, Pamuk E, Lynch J, et al. Methodological issues in measuring health disparities. Vital Health Stat 2. 2005;141:1.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 2"},{"key":"5283_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab289","author":"SN Facente","year":"2022","unstructured":"Facente SN, Lam-Hine T, Bhatta DN, Hecht J. Impact of racial categorization on effect estimates: an HIV stigma analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwab289.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:50:31Z","timestamp":1789127431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["5283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05283-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This analysis was made possible through the support of the New York State Department of Health","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Funding","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}