{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:47:40Z","timestamp":1792010860902,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:19:25Z","timestamp":1791119965000},"page":"2909-2924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CDC AIDS Project 72: The Prostitute Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7198-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William W.","family":"Darrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.96.11.1940","volume":"96","author":"J Mann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mann J. Health and human rights: if not now, when? Am J Public Health. 1997;96:1940\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.96.11.1940.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5322_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2994217","volume":"229","author":"JW Curran","year":"1985","unstructured":"Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM, Jaffe HW, Darrow WW, Dowdle WR. The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects. Science. 1985;229:1352\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2994217.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5322_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Cock KM, Jaffe HW, Curran JW. Dispatches from the AIDS pandemic: a public health story. In: Moseley R, editor. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780197626528.001.0001.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197626528.001.0001"},{"key":"5322_CR4","first-page":"305","volume":"30","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1981","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men\u2014New York City and California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1981;30:305\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR5","first-page":"661","volume":"33","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"1984","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1984;33:661\u20134.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR6","first-page":"17","volume":"35","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1986","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1986;35:17\u201321.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR7","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases","author":"WW Darrow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Darrow WW. Prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases. In: Holmes KK, M\u00e5rdh P-A, Sparling PF, Wiesner PJ, editors. Sexually transmitted diseases. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1984. p. 109\u201316."},{"key":"5322_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3022379","volume":"234","author":"TC Quinn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quinn TC, Mann JM, Curran JW, Piot P. AIDS in Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm. Science. 1986;234:955\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3022379.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5322_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390150055033","volume":"257","author":"ME Guinan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Guinan ME, Hardy A. Epidemiology of AIDS in Women in the United States: 1981 Through 1986. JAMA. 1987;257:2039\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1987.03390150055033.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5322_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1989","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. AIDS and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States: 1988 Update. MMWR Suppl. 1989;38:1\u201338.","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"5322_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02756.x","volume":"29","author":"FH Nichols","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nichols FH. History of the Women\u2019s Health Movement in the 20th Century. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2000;29:56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02756.x.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"5322_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480180063030","volume":"267","author":"L Rosenblum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rosenblum L, Darrow W, Witte J, Cohen J, French J, Gill PS, et al. Sexual Practices in the Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Female Prostitutes in the United States. JAMA. 1992;267:2477\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1992.03480180063030.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5322_CR13","volume-title":"No magic bullet: a social history of venereal disease in the United States since 1880","author":"AM Brandt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brandt AM. No magic bullet: a social history of venereal disease in the United States since 1880. Expanded ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987.","edition":"Expanded ed"},{"key":"5322_CR14","unstructured":"American Social Hygiene Association History. and a Forecast [Internet]. Social Welfare History Project. 2012 [cited 2026 July 31]. https:\/\/socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu\/programs\/health-nutrition\/american-social-hygiene-association-history-and-a-forecast\/. Accessed 31 July 2026."},{"key":"5322_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3008335","volume":"232","author":"J Coffin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Coffin J, Haase A, Levy JA, Montagnier L, Oroszlan S, Teich N, et al. Human immunodeficiency viruses. Science. 1986;232:697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3008335.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5322_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198808000-00002","volume":"2","author":"JM Mann","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mann JM, Nzilambi N, Piot P, Bosenge N, Kalala M, Francis H, et al. HIV infection and associated risk factors in female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS. 1988;2:249\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002030-198808000-00002.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5322_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084300","volume":"33","author":"P Piot","year":"1988","unstructured":"Piot P, Laga M. Prostitutes: a high risk group for HIV infection? Soz Pr\u00e4ventivmed. 1988;33:336\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02084300.","journal-title":"Soz Pr\u00e4ventivmed"},{"key":"5322_CR18","first-page":"561","volume":"34","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1985","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Heterosexual Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III\/Lymphadenopathy- Associated Virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1985;34:561\u20133.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR19","first-page":"157","volume":"36","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"1987","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in female prostitutes. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987;36:157\u201361.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR20","unstructured":"Karsakov L. Prostitution spreads syphilis and gonorrhea [Internet]. 1941\u20131942 [cited 2026 Aug 2]. https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/96502761\/. Accessed 2 Aug 2026."},{"key":"5322_CR21","first-page":"18","volume-title":"AIDS, drugs, and prostitution","author":"WW Darrow","year":"1990","unstructured":"Darrow WW, Centers for Disease Control Collaborative Group for the Study of HIV-1 in Selected Women. Prostitution, Intravenous Drug Use, and HIV-1 in the United States. In: Plant MA, editor. AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution. London: Routledge; 1990. p. 18\u201340."},{"key":"5322_CR22","first-page":"213","volume":"103","author":"TJ Dondero","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dondero TJ, Pappaioanou M, Curran JW. Monitoring the levels and trends of HIV infection: the Public Health Service\u2019s HIV surveillance program. Public Health Rep. 1988;103:213\u201320.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0593-y","volume":"17","author":"AS Abdul-Quader","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdul-Quader AS, Feelemyer J, Modi S, Stein ES, Briceno A, Semaan S, et al. Effectiveness of structural-level needle\/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:2878\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-013-0593-y.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"5322_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03497-1","volume":"25","author":"WW Darrow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Darrow WW. The first 40 years of AIDS: promising programs, limited success. AIDS Behav. 2021;25:3449\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-021-03497-1.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"5322_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"1989","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Interpretation and use of the western blot assay for serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. MMWR Suppl. 1989;38:1\u20137.","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"5322_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.14.4.441-445.1981","volume":"14","author":"SA Larsen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Larsen SA, Hambie EA, Pettit DE, Perryman MW, Kraus SJ. Specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility among the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies, and the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis. J Clin Microbiol. 1981;14:441\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.14.4.441-445.1981.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5322_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440010058030","volume":"263","author":"RF Khabbaz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Khabbaz RF, Darrow WW, Hartley TM, Witte J, Cohen JB, French J, et al. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-I\/II Infection Among Female Prostitutes in the United States. JAMA. 1990;263:60\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1990.03440010058030.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5322_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.4.662-667.1988","volume":"26","author":"RL Ashley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ashley RL, Militoni J, Lee F, Nahmias A, Corey L. Comparison of Western blot (immunoblot) and glycoprotein G-specific immunodot enzyme assay for detecting antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human sera. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26:662\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.26.4.662-667.1988.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5322_CR29","volume-title":"Epidemiologic research. Principles and quantitative methods","author":"DG Kleinbaum","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research. Principles and quantitative methods. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1982."},{"key":"5322_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90302-6","volume":"38","author":"AS Klovdahl","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klovdahl AS, Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth JB, Muth SQ, Darrow WW. Social networks and infectious disease: The Colorado Springs study. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38:79\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90302-6.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"5322_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199409000-00018","volume":"8","author":"DE Woodhouse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Woodhouse DE, Rothenberg RB, Potterat JJ, Darrow WW, Muth SQ, Klovdahl AS, et al. Mapping a social network of heterosexuals at high risk for HIV infection. AIDS. 1994;8:1331\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002030-199409000-00018.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5322_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199812000-00016","volume":"12","author":"RB Rothenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rothenberg RB, Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth SQ, Darrow WW, Klovdahl AS. Social network dynamics and HIV transmission. AIDS. 1998;12:1529\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002030-199812000-00016.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5322_CR33","first-page":"273","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1990","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Risk Behaviors for HIV Transmission among Intravenous-Drug Users Not in Drug Treatment -- United States, 1987\u20131989. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990;39:273\u20136.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"529","key":"5322_CR34","first-page":"536","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1990","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Update: Reducing HIV Transmission in Intravenous-Drug Users Not in Drug Treatment -- United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990;39(529):536\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0178-6","volume":"14","author":"DC Des Jarlais","year":"2017","unstructured":"Des Jarlais DC. Harm reduction in the USA: the research perspective and an archive to David Purchase. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-017-0178-6.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"5322_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.02.006","volume":"55","author":"D Showalter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Showalter D. Federal funding for syringe exchange in the US: Explaining a long-term policy failure. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;55:95\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.02.006.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"5322_CR37","first-page":"503","volume":"2","author":"RT D\u2019Aquila","year":"1989","unstructured":"D\u2019Aquila RT, Peterson LR, Williams AB, Williams AE. Race\/ethnicity as a risk factor for HIV-1 infection among Connecticut intravenous drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1989;2:503\u201313.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)"},{"key":"5322_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115726","volume":"132","author":"BA Koblin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koblin BA, McCusker J, Lewis BF, Sullivan JL. Racial\/Ethnic differences in HTV-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132:837\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115726.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5322_CR39","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Early Syphilis -- Broward County, Florida. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 1987 [cited 2026 Aug 11]; https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/00000905.htm. Accessed 11 Aug 2026."},{"key":"5322_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199501000-00010","volume":"22","author":"RA Gunn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gunn RA, Montes JM, Toomey KE, Rolfs RT, Greenspan JR, Spitters CE, et al. Syphilis in San Diego County 1983\u20131992: crack cocaine, prostitution, and the limitations of partner notification. Sex Transm Dis. 1995;22:60\u20136.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"5322_CR41","volume-title":"Tricking and tripping: prostitution in the era of AIDS","author":"CE Sterk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sterk CE. Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS. Putnam Valley, NY: Social Change; 2000."},{"key":"5322_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113602","volume":"117","author":"RB Rothenberg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rothenberg RB. The geography of gonorrhea: empirical demonstration of core group transmission. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:688\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113602.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5322_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498509551271","volume":"21","author":"JJ Potterat","year":"1985","unstructured":"Potterat JJ, Phillips L, Rothenberg RB, Darrow WW. On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case-comparison study. J Sex Res. 1985;21:329\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224498509551271.","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"5322_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233","volume":"163","author":"FA Plummer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss JK, Gakinya MN, et al. Cofactors in Male-Female Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J Infect Dis. 1991;163:233\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5322_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009276","volume":"146","author":"NS Padian","year":"1997","unstructured":"Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Glass SO, Vittinghoff E. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern California: results from a ten-year study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:350\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009276.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5322_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198602133140704","volume":"314","author":"JK Kreiss","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kreiss JK, Koech D, Plummer FA, Holmes KK, Lightfoote M, Piot P, et al. AIDS Virus Infection in Nairobi Prostitutes. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:414\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198602133140704.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5322_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lord AM, Condom, Nation. The U.S. Government\u2019s Sex Education Campaign from World War I to the Internet [Internet]. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University; 2010. [cited 2026 Aug 14]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/book.3453.","DOI":"10.1353\/book.3453"},{"key":"5322_CR48","volume-title":"Prostitution and the war [Internet]","author":"PS Broughton","year":"1943","unstructured":"Broughton PS. Prostitution and the War [Internet]. 2nd revised ed. New York: Public Affairs Committee; 1943. https:\/\/www.idaillinois.org\/digital\/collection\/isl3\/id\/7897\/.","edition":"2"},{"key":"5322_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.73.3.161","volume":"73","author":"S Day","year":"1997","unstructured":"Day S, Ward H. Sex workers and the control of sexually transmitted disease. Sex Transm Infect. 1997;73:161\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.73.3.161.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"5322_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.5.340","volume":"75","author":"H Ward","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ward H, Day S, Weber J. Risky business: health and safety in the sex industry over a 9 year period. Sex Transm Infect. 1999;75:340\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.75.5.340.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"5322_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh110","volume":"159","author":"JJ Potterat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Potterat JJ, Brewer DD, Muth SQ, Rothenberg RB, Woodhouse DE, Muth JB, et al. Mortality in a Long-term Open Cohort of Prostitute Women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:778\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwh110.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5322_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9783\/9780812209020","volume-title":"Sex work politics: from protest to service provision","author":"S Majic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Majic S. Sex Work Politics: From Protest to Service Provision. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9783\/9780812209020."},{"key":"5322_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592711003951","volume":"9","author":"S Majic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Majic S. Serving sex workers and promoting democratic engagement: rethinking nonprofits\u2019 role in American civic and political life. Perspect Polit. 2011;9:821\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1537592711003951.","journal-title":"Perspect Polit"},{"key":"5322_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819201900103","volume":"19","author":"LE Dorfman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dorfman LE, Derish PA, Cohen JB. Hey Girlfriend: An Evaluation of AIDS Prevention among Women in the Sex Industry. Health Educ Q. 1992;19:25\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019819201900103.","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"key":"5322_CR55","first-page":"94","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1992","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Street Outreach for STD\/HIV Prevention -- Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1987\u20131991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41:94\u20135.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5322_CR56","unstructured":"Darrow WW. Deposition in Jane Roe II v. Butterworth, Civil Action No. 94-8681-CIV-GONZALEZ. United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida; 1995 Oct. p. 25."}],"container-title":["AIDS and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:12:40Z","timestamp":1792008760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-026-05322-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-7165","1573-3254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-7165","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author has no financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}