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Latent class analyses identified four patterns of substance use: non\u2010users (22%), alcohol experimenters (38%), occasional polysubstance users (29%), and frequent polysubstance users (10%). Contextual risk and protective factors in the individual, family, peer, and community domains predicted substance use patterns. Youth report of peer substance use had the largest effects on substance use class membership. Other individual characteristics (e.g., gender, antisocial behavior, academic performance, perceived harm from use), family characteristics (e.g., parental drinking, parental disapproval of youth use), and community characteristics (e.g., availability of substances) demonstrated consistent effects on substance use classes. Implications for prevention are discussed from a social\u2010ecological perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-009-9289-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T12:11:50Z","timestamp":1263384710000},"page":"36-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Social\u2010Ecological Influences on Patterns of Substance Use Among Non\u2010Metropolitan High School Students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Consultation Center Yale University School of Medicine  06516 New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamika D.","family":"Gilreath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Consultation Center Yale University School of Medicine  06516 New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"School of Social Work University of Southern California  90089-0411 Los Angeles CA 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