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Chlamydiae have been linked to mass mortality events, thereby representing significant pathogens that deserve attention with respect to worldwide amphibian decline. We here present six cases of chlamydiosis and asymptomatic chlamydial infections in different frog species from three ex situ amphibian conservation facilities. Clinical signs predominantly characterised by regurgitation, chronic wasting, lethargy and suspended breeding were associated with <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection. Despite various treatment regimens, it was not possible to clear infections. However, <jats:italic>intra vitam<\/jats:italic> diagnostics succeeded from skin, faeces and urine for the first time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T03:02:31Z","timestamp":1604545351000},"page":"2139-2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chronic wasting associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae in three ex situ breeding facilities for tropical frogs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Kaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Nesseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Ri\u00dfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"V\u00f6lker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Hechinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schauerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Knauf-Witzens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Schwabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schnee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Liebler-Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Imirzalioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Sting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.3.646","volume":"166","author":"MB Aldous","year":"1992","unstructured":"Aldous MB, Grayston JT, Wang SP, Foy HM (1992) Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR infection in Seattle families, 1966\u20131979. 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Bull Assoc Reptil Amphib Vet 6:8\u20139","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Reptil Amphib Vet"}],"container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T13:36:36Z","timestamp":1607088996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-020-01483-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6072","1572-9699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6072","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent to participate in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent to publish results from this study and to be listed as a co-author.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There is no ethical issue associated with this manuscript because the presented data was obtained during routine diagnostics in the frog species. They were not involved in any kind of animal experiment. According to competent authorities this kind of research does not require ethics approval or general approval with respect to German law.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}