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Recently, members of its biovar Belfanti have been described as two novel species, <jats:italic>C. belfantii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. rouxii<\/jats:italic>. The most important virulence factor and also the premise to cause diphtheria is the isolate\u2019s capacity to encode and express the diphtheria toxin (DT). In contrast to <jats:italic>C. ulcerans,<\/jats:italic> which represents a potentially zoonotic pathogen, <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> (incl. the novel deduced species) has almost exclusively been found to comprise a human pathogen. We here report three rare cases of <jats:italic>C. rouxii<\/jats:italic> isolation from dogs suffering from disseminated poly-bacterial exsudative to purulent dermatitis and a traumatic labial defect, respectively. The isolates were identified as <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> based on commercial biochemistry and matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionisation\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. However, recently described specific spectral peaks were highly similar to spectra of <jats:italic>C. rouxii<\/jats:italic>, which was confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Further investigations of the dog isolates for the presence of DT by <jats:italic>tox<\/jats:italic> gene qPCR revealed negative results. The findings from this study point out that skin infections in companion animals can be colonized by uncommon and so believed human specific pathogens, thereby resembling the clinical signs of cutaneous diphtheria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-021-01605-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T08:02:54Z","timestamp":1624608174000},"page":"1361-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Corynebacterium rouxii, a recently described member of the C. diphtheriae group isolated from three dogs with ulcerative skin lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Schlez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Dubielzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kornmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Ewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13185","volume":"61","author":"Y Abbott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbott Y, Efstratiou A, Brennan G, Hallanan S, Leggett B, Leonard FC, Markey BK, Tuite C, Fry NK (2020) Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans associated with upper respiratory infections in cats and dogs. 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They were not involved in any kind of animal experiment. According to competent authorities this kind of research does not require ethics approval or general approval with respect to German law.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent to participate in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent to publish results from this study and to be listed as a co-author.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}