{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:05:09Z","timestamp":1791050709044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T11:13:57Z","timestamp":1775301237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dietary chitosan enhances gut microbial diversity and modulates beneficial and pathogenic communities in Channa striata fingerlings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"K. Saravana","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joonu","family":"Jeyabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Yagoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelin","family":"Vilvest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Mariya","family":"Vaishnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2024-0079","volume":"25","author":"NM Abu-Elala","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abu-Elala NM, Hossam-Elden N, Marzouk MS, El-Basuini MF (2025) Chitosan for aquaculture: growth promotion, immune modulation, antimicrobial activity, bio-carrier utility, water quality management, and safety considerations\u2014a review. Ann Anim Sci 25(2):483\u2013509","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci"},{"key":"2302_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102556","volume":"40","author":"P Amthungphong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amthungphong P, Sombuttra N, Rattanarojpong T, Kusonmano K, Senapin S, Chatchaiphan S, Euanorasetr J (2025) Comprehensive profiling of gut bacterial communities in hybrid red tilapia with and without streptococcosis. Aquac Rep 40:102556","journal-title":"Aquac Rep"},{"key":"2302_CR01","unstructured":"AOAC (2019) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 21st ed. AOAC International, Rockville, MD, USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2302_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10111598","volume":"10","author":"GS Araujo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Araujo GS, Silva JWA, Cotas J, Pereira L (2022) Fish farming techniques: current situation and trends. J Mar Sci Eng 10(11):1598","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR4","first-page":"11","volume":"42","author":"A Asem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asem A (2011) New concepts for hatching quality and evaluation of brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) cyst. World Aquacult 42(1):11","journal-title":"World Aquacult"},{"key":"2302_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Austin B., Austin DA (2016) Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and wild fish (6th edn). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32674-0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32674-0"},{"key":"2302_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737717","volume":"549","author":"FA Bohnes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bohnes FA, Hauschild MZ, Schlundt J, Nielsen M, Laurent A (2022) Environmental sustainability of future aquaculture production: analysis of Singaporean and Norwegian policies. Aquaculture 549:737717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737717","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2025.08.009","volume":"11","author":"JR Cortes","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cortes JR, Benitez IB, Baldoza BJS, Pardillo CAR, Auxtero KMA, Badec KP, Varela DAB (2026) Climate-smart aquaculture: innovations and challenges in mitigating climate change impacts on fisheries and coastal agriculture. Aquac Fish 11(2):221\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aaf.2025.08.009","journal-title":"Aquac Fish"},{"issue":"6261","key":"2302_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2602","volume":"350","author":"KZ Coyte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coyte KZ, Schluter J, Foster KR (2015) The ecology of the microbiome: networks, competition, and stability. Science 350(6261):663\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad2602","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2302_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13110869","volume":"13","author":"Q Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng Q, Feng Z, Xiang J, Wu H, Yang X, Zhang Z, Li S (2024) Comparative analysis of intestinal morphology and gut microbiota of Spinibarbus sinensis under different aquaculture systems. Biology Basel 13(11):869","journal-title":"Biology Basel"},{"key":"2302_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00873","volume":"9","author":"S Egerton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egerton S, Culloty S, Whooley J, Stanton C, Ross RP (2018) The gut microbiota of marine fish. Front Microbiol 9:873","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00343.x","volume":"52","author":"GD G\u00f3mez","year":"2008","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez GD, Balc\u00e1zar JL (2008) A review on the interactions between gut microbiota and innate immunity of fish. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 52(2):145\u2013154","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2302_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6761","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126761","volume":"23","author":"Z Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan Z, Feng Q (2022) Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide: promising non-plant-derived prebiotics with multiple biological activities. Int J Mol Sci 23(12):6761","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2302_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0113-6","volume":"3","author":"I Hanning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanning I, Diaz-Sanchez S (2015) The functionality of the gastrointestinal microbiome in non-human animals. Microbiome 3:51","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12513","volume":"13","author":"S Infante-Villamil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Infante-Villamil S, Huerlimann R, Jerry DR (2021) Microbiome diversity and dysbiosis in aquaculture. Rev Aquac 13(2):1077\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/raq.12513","journal-title":"Rev Aquac"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","volume":"41","author":"A Klindworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klindworth A, Pruesse E, Schweer T, Peplies J, Quast C, Horn M, Gl\u00f6ckner FO (2013) Evaluation of general 16S rRNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Res 41(1):e1\u2013e1","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2302_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","volume":"165","author":"A Koh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, B\u00e4ckhed F (2016) From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell 165(6):1332\u20131345","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2302_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2144\/000114559","volume":"62","author":"C Marotz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marotz C, Amir A, Humphrey G, Gaffney J, Gogul G, Knight R (2017) DNA extraction for streamlined metagenomics of diverse environmental samples. Biotechniques 62(6):290\u2013293","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2302_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007","volume":"302","author":"DL Merrifield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merrifield DL, Dimitroglou A, Foey A, Davies SJ, Baker RT, B\u00f8gwald J, Ring\u00f8 E (2010) The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture 302(1\u20132):1\u201318","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2302_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merrifield DL, Carnevali O (2014) Probiotic modulation of the gut microbiota of fish. In Aquaculture nutrition: gut health, probiotics and prebiotics. Wiley-Blackwell, p 185\u2013222","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118897263.ch8"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.02.017","volume":"29","author":"SK Nayak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nayak SK (2010) Probiotics and immunity: a fish perspective. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29(1):2\u201314","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2302_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639426","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1639426","volume":"15","author":"N Rai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rai N, Kachore A, Julka JM, Panigrahi A, Das SP, Nan F-H (2025) Symbiotic strategies: deciphering the role of gut microbiota in the nutrition and metabolism of fish and shellfish. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15:1639426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1639426","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2302_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112119","volume":"10","author":"M Rawski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rawski M, Mazurkiewicz J, Kiero\u0144czyk B, J\u00f3zefiak D (2020) Black soldier fly larvae meal as an alternative to fish meal and fish oil in Siberian sturgeon nutrition. Animals Basel 10(11):2119","journal-title":"Animals Basel"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12346","volume":"22","author":"E Ring\u00f8","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ring\u00f8 E, Zhou Z, Vecino JG, Wadsworth S, Romero J, Krogdahl \u00c5, Merrifield DL (2016) Effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals: a never-ending story? Aquac Nutr 22(2):219\u2013282","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2302_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01818","volume":"9","author":"E Ring\u00f8","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ring\u00f8 E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK (2018) Lactic acid bacteria in finfish\u2014an update. Front Microbiol 9:1818","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14628","volume":"129","author":"E Ring\u00f8","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ring\u00f8 E, Van Doan H, Lee SH, Soltani M, Hoseinifar SH, Harikrishnan R, Song SK (2020) Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria and bacilli: interesting supplementation for aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 129(1):116\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.14628","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.15-28","volume":"18","author":"MO Ruben","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruben MO, Akinsanola AB, Okon ME, Shitu T, Jagunna II (2025) Emerging challenges in aquaculture: current perspectives and human health implications. Vet World 18(1):15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2025.15-28","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.33745\/ijzi.2026.v12i01.025","volume":"12","author":"K Saravana Kumar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Saravana Kumar K, Joonu J (2026) Dietary chitosan as a feed additive: effects on growth performance, survival and cannibalism in striped murrel (Channa striata) fingerlings. Int J Zool Investig 12(1):262\u2013272","journal-title":"Int J Zool Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02585.x","volume":"14","author":"A Shade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shade A, Handelsman J (2012) Beyond the venn diagram: the hunt for a core microbiome. Environ Microbiol 14(1):4\u201312","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2302_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917506","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/917506","volume":"2013","author":"LM Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song LM, Munian K, Abd Rashid Z, Bhassu S (2013) Characterisation of Asian snakehead murrel Channa striata (Channidae) in Malaysia: an insight into molecular data and morphological approach. Sci World J 2013:917506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/917506","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2302_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13460","volume":"122","author":"M Yildirim-Aksoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yildirim-Aksoy M, Beck BH (2017) Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and chitosan oligomers against bacterial pathogens of warmwater fish. J Appl Microbiol 122(6):1570\u20131578","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:52:39Z","timestamp":1778068359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02302-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6072","1572-9699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6072","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) of Trichy Research Institute of Biotechnology, Trichy, India (Approval No. TB\/IAEC\/2024\/12\/013).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"86"}}