{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:24:21Z","timestamp":1789100661206,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:25:47Z","timestamp":1775802347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biological control of a novel strain Bacillus velezensis BFWR11 against tomato early blight"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjia","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boting","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-51000-8","volume":"14","author":"MM Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas MM, Ismael WH, Mahfouz AY, Daigham GE, Attia MS (2024) Efficacy of endophytic bacteria as promising inducers for enhancing the immune responses in tomato plants and managing Rhizoctonia root-rot disease. Sci Rep 14:1331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-51000-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2308_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22146\/jpti.89296","volume":"27","author":"JT Abdullah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdullah JT, Suryanti S, Joko T (2024) Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus velezensis inoculation in suppressing twisted disease of shallot. JPTI 27:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22146\/jpti.89296","journal-title":"JPTI"},{"key":"2308_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2023.102714","volume":"50","author":"MM Abo Elsoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abo Elsoud MM, Hasan SF, Elhateir MM (2023) Optimization of Indole-3-acetic acid production by Bacillus velezensis isolated from Pyrus rhizosphere and its effect on plant growth. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 50:102714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcab.2023.102714","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"2308_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304831","volume":"19","author":"S Alijani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alijani S, Raji M-R, Bistgani ZE, Ehtesham Nia A, Farajpour M (2024) Mitigation of salinity stress in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) plants through spermidine application. PLoS ONE 19:e0304831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304831","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2308_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W32","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf334","volume":"53","author":"K Blin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blin K, Shaw S, Vader L, Szenei J, Reitz ZL, Augustijn HE, Cediel-Becerra JDD, de Cr\u00e9cy-Lagard V, Koetsier RA, Williams SE, Cruz-Morales P, Wongwas S, Segurado Luchsinger AE, Biermann F, Korenskaia A, Zdouc MM, Meijer D, Terlouw BR, van der Hooft JJJ, Ziemert N, Helfrich EJN, Masschelein J, Corre C, Chevrette MG, van Wezel GP, Medema MH, Weber T (2025) antiSMASH 8.0: Extended gene cluster detection capabilities and analyses of chemistry, enzymology, and regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 53:W32\u2013W38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf334","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2308_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7873","volume":"80","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Z, Wang Z, Xu W (2024) Bacillus velezensis WB induces systemic resistance in watermelon against Fusarium wilt. Pest Manag Sci 80:1423\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.7873","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"2308_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.15446\/abc.v26n2.86406","volume":"26","author":"IJ Cortese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortese IJ, Castrillo ML, Zapata PD, Laczeski ME (2021) Efecto del filtrado de secuencias en el ensamblado del genoma de Bacillus altitudinis aislado de Ilex paraguariensis. Acta Biol Colomb 26:170\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15446\/abc.v26n2.86406","journal-title":"Acta Biol Colomb"},{"key":"2308_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2023.106317","volume":"172","author":"AL Da Silva Junior","year":"2023","unstructured":"Da Silva Junior AL, Borges \u00c1V, Da Silva HAO, Leite ICHL, Alves KS, De Medeiros LS, de Abreu LM (2023) Lipopeptide-enriched extracts of Bacillus velezensis B157 for controlling tomato early blight. Crop Prot 172:106317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2023.106317","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"2308_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20070-4","volume":"8","author":"PK Das","year":"2018","unstructured":"Das PK, Biswas R, Anjum N, Das AK, Maiti MK (2018) Rice matrix metalloproteinase OsMMP1 plays pleiotropic roles in plant development and symplastic-apoplastic transport by modulating cellulose and callose depositions. Sci Rep 8:2783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-20070-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2308_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.48165\/aabr.2024.2.2","volume":"1","author":"KK Dholiya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dholiya KK, Pandya NK (2024) Exploring the versatility of Bacillus spp. secondary metabolites: its mode of action and application in various field. Aabr 1:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48165\/aabr.2024.2.2","journal-title":"Aabr"},{"key":"2308_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2024.112843","volume":"211","author":"Z Duan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duan Z, Song H, Shi H, Gao Z, Mao J, Cao Y, Huo H, Li J, Wang X, Lin M (2024) Postharvest treatment with Bacillus velezensis LX mitigates disease incidence and alters the microbiome on kiwifruit surface. Postharvest Biol Technol 211:112843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2024.112843","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol"},{"key":"2308_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gang, S., Sharma, S., Saraf, M., Buck, M., Schumacher, J., 2019. Analysis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in klebsiella by LC-MS\/MS and the salkowski method. BIO-PROTOCOL 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/BioProtoc.3230","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3230"},{"key":"2308_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5343","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15116","volume":"47","author":"CEM Grossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grossi CEM, Tani A, Mori IC, Matsuura T, Ulloa RM (2024) Plant growth\u2010promoting abilities of Methylobacterium sp. 2A involve auxin\u2010mediated regulation of the root architecture. Plant Cell Environ 47:5343\u20135357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pce.15116","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"2308_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02789-6","volume":"11","author":"N Gulzar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulzar N, Ali S, Shah MA, Kamili AN (2021) Silicon supplementation improves early blight resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. by modulating the expression of defense-related genes and antioxidant enzymes. 3 Biotech 11:232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-021-02789-6","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2308_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1635","volume":"11","author":"CE Handford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Handford CE, Elliott CT, Campbell K (2015) A review of the global pesticide legislation and the scale of challenge in reaching the global harmonization of food safety standards. Integr Environ Assess Manag 11:525\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ieam.1635","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"key":"2308_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.13005\/bbra\/2697","volume":"15","author":"DM Hikal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hikal DM (2018) Antibacterial activity of piperine and black pepper oil. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 15:877\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13005\/bbra\/2697","journal-title":"Biosci Biotech Res Asia"},{"key":"2308_CR17","unstructured":"Jin, P., Chu, L., Xuan, Z., Lin, Z., Fang, Y., Pan, X., Wang, J., Liu, W., Miao, W., n.d. Bacillus velezensis , a new valuable source of bioactive molecules within plant microbiomes and natural weapons for the biocontrol of plant pathogens"},{"key":"2308_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1180538","volume":"14","author":"D-R Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim D-R, Kwak Y-S (2023) Endophytic Streptomyces population induced by L-glutamic acid enhances plant resilience to abiotic stresses in tomato. Front Microbiol 14:1180538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1180538","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2308_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8110","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.15.4.8110-8120","volume":"15","author":"K Kobeti\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kobeti\u010dov\u00e1 K, N\u00e1b\u011blkov\u00e1 J, \u010euri\u0161ov\u00e1 K, \u0160im\u016fnkov\u00e1 K, \u010cern\u00fd R (2020) Antifungal activity of methylxanthines based on their properties. BioRes 15:8110\u20138120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15376\/biores.15.4.8110-8120","journal-title":"BioRes"},{"key":"2308_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10327-019-00877-3","volume":"85","author":"M Kodama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kodama M (2019) Evolution of pathogenicity in Alternaria plant pathogens. J Gen Plant Pathol 85:471\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10327-019-00877-3","journal-title":"J Gen Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2308_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050921","volume":"12","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li W, Sun L, Wu H, Gu W, Lu Y, Liu C, Zhang J, Li W, Zhou C, Geng H, Li Y, Peng H, Shi C, Wang D, Peng G (2024) Bacillus velezensis YXDHD1-7 prevents early blight disease by promoting growth and enhancing defense enzyme activities in tomato plants. Microorganisms 12:921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12050921","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2308_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae243","volume":"135","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu D, Ge X, Pan D, Zheng X, Zhou X (2024) Bacillus subtilis B55 degraded the ferulic acid and p -coumaric acid and changed the soil bacterial community in soils. J Appl Microbiol 135:lxae243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxae243","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2308_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.667150","volume":"5","author":"P Mohanty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohanty P, Singh PK, Chakraborty D, Mishra S, Pattnaik R (2021) Insight into the role of PGPR in sustainable agriculture and environment. Front Sustain Food Syst 5:667150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2021.667150","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"2308_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-010-9326-6","volume":"56","author":"N \u00d6zer","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00d6zer N (2011) Screening for fungal antagonists to control black mold disease and to induce the accumulation of antifungal compounds in onion after seed treatment. Biocontrol 56:237\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10526-010-9326-6","journal-title":"Biocontrol"},{"key":"2308_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2019.126297","volume":"227","author":"G Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng G, Zhao X, Li Y, Wang R, Huang Y, Qi G (2019) Engineering Bacillus velezensis with high production of acetoin primes strong induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Microbiol Res 227:126297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2019.126297","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"2308_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113905","volume":"339","author":"T Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng T, Qu F, Wang Z, Li Q, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Li G, Hu S, Hu X (2025) Bacillus velezensis enhances tomato seedling productivity by coordinating functional traits and substrate properties systematically. Sci Hortic 339:113905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113905","journal-title":"Sci Hortic"},{"key":"2308_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061523","volume":"11","author":"MF Rabbee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabbee MF, Baek K-H (2023) Detection of antagonistic compounds synthesized by Bacillus velezensis against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by metabolome and RNA sequencing. Microorganisms 11:1523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11061523","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2308_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6275-4_27","volume-title":"Emerging trends in plant pathology","author":"L Rawat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rawat L, Bisht TS, Naithani DC (2021) Plant disease management in organic farming system: strategies and challenges. In: Singh KP, Jahagirdar S, Sarma BK (eds) Emerging trends in plant pathology. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 611\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-6275-4_27"},{"key":"2308_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann T (2014) Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 30:2068\u20132069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2308_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koad291","volume":"36","author":"G Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su G, Lin Y, Wang C, Lu J, Liu Z, He Z, Shu X, Chen W, Wu R, Li B, Zhu C, Rose JKC, Grierson D, Giovannoni JJ, Shi Y, Chen K (2024) Expansin SlExp1 and endoglucanase SlCel2 synergistically promote fruit softening and cell wall disassembly in tomato. Plant Cell 36:709\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/plcell\/koad291","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2308_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030751","volume":"27","author":"K \u0160uchov\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160uchov\u00e1 K, Chyba A, Hegyi Z, Rebro\u0161 M, Puchart V (2022) Yeast GH30 xylanase from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans is a glucuronoxylanase with auxiliary xylobiohydrolase activity. Molecules 27:751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27030751","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2308_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12592","volume":"201","author":"L Trd\u00e1","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trd\u00e1 L, Fernandez O, Boutrot F, H\u00e9loir M, Kelloniemi J, Daire X, Adrian M, Cl\u00e9ment C, Zipfel C, Dorey S, Poinssot B (2014) The grapevine flagellin receptor vv FLS 2 differentially recognizes flagellin-derived epitopes from the endophytic growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans and plant pathogenic bacteria. New Phytol 201:1371\u20131384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.12592","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2308_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.2.395-400.1994","volume":"176","author":"D Vollenbroich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vollenbroich D, Mehta N, Zuber P, Vater J, Kamp RM (1994) Analysis of surfactin synthetase subunits in srfA mutants of Bacillus subtilis OKB105. J Bacteriol 176:395\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.176.2.395-400.1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2308_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2023.105405","volume":"187","author":"S-J Won","year":"2023","unstructured":"Won S-J, Kim C-W, Moon J-H, Choi S-I, Ajuna HB, Choub V, Yun J-Y, Ahn YS (2023) Biological control of anthracnose fruit rot disease (Colletotrichum spp.) and fruit yield improvement of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. inermis Rehder) using Bacillus velezensis CE 100. Biol Control 187:105405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2023.105405","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"key":"2308_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127569","volume":"280","author":"S Yousfi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yousfi S, Krier F, Deracinois B, Steels S, Coutte F, Frikha-Gargouri O (2024) Characterization of Bacillus velezensis 32a metabolites and their synergistic bioactivity against crown gall disease. Microbiol Res 280:127569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127569","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"2308_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8019366","volume":"81","author":"E Zelena","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zelena E, Dunn WB, Broadhurst D, Francis-McIntyre S, Carroll KM, Begley P, O\u2019Hagan S, Knowles JD, Halsall A, HUSERMET Consortium, Wilson ID, Kell DB (2009) Development of a robust and repeatable UPLC\u2212MS method for the long-term metabolomic study of human serum. Anal Chem 81:1357\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac8019366","journal-title":"Anal Chem"}],"container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:53:10Z","timestamp":1778068390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02308-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6072","1572-9699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6072","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This was an observational study. The Northwest A&F University Research Ethics Committee confirmed that ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"93"}}