{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T18:13:35Z","timestamp":1789323215483,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai","award":["no. 2019KYCXJJYB15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2019KYCXJJYB15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T11:16:09Z","timestamp":1780312569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Marine microorganisms as probiotics in the aquaculture of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9973-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2351_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-2157-y","volume":"10","author":"A Abouelfetouh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abouelfetouh A, Torky AS, Aboulmagd E (2020) Role of plasmid carrying bla (NDM) in mediating antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Egypt. 3 Biotech 10:170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-020-2157-y","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2351_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-010-9016-3","volume":"28","author":"J Bao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bao J, Dong S, Tian X et al (2010) Metabolic rates and biochemical compositions of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) tissue during periods of inactivity. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 28:218\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00343-010-9016-3","journal-title":"Chin J Oceanol Limnol"},{"key":"2351_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-017-0148-8","volume":"25","author":"N Bao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bao N, Ren T, Han Y et al (2017) Alteration of growth, intestinal Lactobacillus, selected immune and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, fed dietary multiple probiotics. Aquac Int 25:1721\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-017-0148-8","journal-title":"Aquac Int"},{"key":"2351_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.3390\/md9101761","volume":"9","author":"S Bordbar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bordbar S, Anwar F, Saari N (2011) High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods-a review. Mar Drugs 9:1761\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md9101761","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2351_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12590","volume":"24","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Mai K, Zhang W et al (2018) Dietary supplements of guanosine improve the growth, non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, and its resistance against Vibrio splendidus. Aquac Nutr 24:571\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anu.12590","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6090956","volume":"2023","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Chen L, Wang X et al (2023) Physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of sediment in sea cucumber culture ponds under high summer temperatures. Aquac Res 2023:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6090956","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-10929-8","author":"FL Chen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen FL, Zhao HT, Gu W et al (2026) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum O126 postbiotics boost growth, antioxidant levels, disease resistance, and gut health in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-026-10929-8","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2351_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.04.001","volume":"38","author":"C Chi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chi C, Liu J, Fei S et al (2014) Effect of intestinal autochthonous probiotics isolated from the gut of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) on immune response and growth of A. japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 38:367\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.04.001","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121266","volume":"382","author":"Y Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui Y, Wang S, Ding S et al (2020) Toxins and mobile antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacillus probiotics constitute a potential risk for one health. J Hazard Mater 382:121266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121266","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2351_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01490-8","author":"J Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui J, Tan X, Xu Z et al (2024) Evaluation of growth, immune characteristics and gut microbiota of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed with fermented feed from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Aquac Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-024-01490-8","journal-title":"Aquac Int"},{"key":"2351_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.10.015","volume":"287","author":"H Deng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deng H, He C, Zhou Z et al (2009) Isolation and pathogenicity of pathogens from skin ulceration disease and viscera ejection syndrome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicuss. Aquaculture 287:18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.10.015","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbd.2019.02.008","volume":"30","author":"K Ding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding K, Zhang L, Sun L et al (2019) Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for evisceration behavior in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol D Genomics Proteomics 30:143\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbd.2019.02.008","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol D Genomics Proteomics"},{"key":"2351_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739327","volume":"568","author":"P Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding P, Yu Y, Qiao Y et al (2023) Effects of dietary Bacillus on foraging behavior, food consumption, digestive enzyme activity, and defecation outputs of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus at low temperature: new insights into overwintering managemen. Aquaculture 568:0044\u20138486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739327","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104053","volume":"127","author":"P Ding","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ding P, Li X, Huang X et al (2025) Dietary Bacillus improves behavior, intestinal health, and growth of juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus at low temperature. J Therm Biol 127:104053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104053","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"2351_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/s0044-8486(99)00187-8","volume":"180","author":"F Gatesoupe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gatesoupe F (1999) The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180:147\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0044-8486(99)00187-8","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiae156","volume":"100","author":"C Giraud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giraud C, Wabete N, Lemeu C et al (2024) Environmental factors and potential probiotic lineages shape the active prokaryotic communities associated with healthy Penaeus stylirostris larvae and their rearing water. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 100:156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiae156","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2351_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2017-0131","volume":"398","author":"C Glorieux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glorieux C, Calderon B (2017) Catalase, a remarkable enzyme: targeting the oldest antioxidant enzyme to find a new cancer treatment approach. Biol Chem 398:1095\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2017-0131","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"2351_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.4194\/1303-2712-v15_2_41","volume":"15","author":"D Gunay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunay D, Emiroglu D, Tolon T et al (2015) Growth and survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin, 1788) at various temperatures. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 15:533\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4194\/1303-2712-v15_2_41","journal-title":"Turk J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2351_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2016.1193472","volume":"24","author":"Q Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han Q, Keesing J, Liu D (2016) A review of sea cucumber aquaculture, ranching, and stock enhancement in China. Rev Fish Sci Aquac 24:326\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23308249.2016.1193472","journal-title":"Rev Fish Sci Aquac"},{"key":"2351_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109027","volume":"141","author":"G Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han G, Lv Z, Shao Y et al (2023) Nitric oxide synthase regulates coelomocytes apoptosis through the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 141:109027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109027","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.010","volume":"6","author":"CS Ho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ho CS, Wong CTH, Aung TT et al (2025) Antimicrobial resistance: a concise update. Lancet Microbe 6:100947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.010","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2351_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11054","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17825-4","volume":"29","author":"A Hossain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hossain A, Mamun H, Nagano I et al (2022) Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes in aquaculture: risks, current concern, and future thinking. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:11054\u201311075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-17825-4","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2351_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.10.026","volume":"59","author":"M Hosseini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosseini M, Miandare H, Shabani A et al (2016) Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus modulated skin mucus protein profile, immune and appetite genes expression in gold fish (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish Shellfish Immunol 59:149\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.10.026","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109263","author":"J Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang J, Gao S, Zhao Z et al (2024) A novel short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein with unique polysaccharide recognition specificity in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109263","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-014-0171-y","volume":"106","author":"B Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson B, Klaenhammer T (2014) Impact of genomics on the field of probiotic research: historical perspectives to modern paradigms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 106:141\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-014-0171-y","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"2351_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00461","volume":"5","author":"T Kawasaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawasaki T, Kawai T (2014) Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol 5:461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00461","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12477","volume":"13","author":"H Knipe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knipe H, Temperton B, Lange A et al (2021) Probiotics and competitive exclusion of pathogens in shrimp aquaculture. Rev Aquac 13:324\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/raq.12477","journal-title":"Rev Aquac"},{"key":"2351_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.02.010","volume":"87","author":"F Kuebutornye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuebutornye F, Abarike E, Lu Y (2019) A review on the application of Bacillus as probiotics in aquaculture. Fish Shellfish Immunol 87:820\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.02.010","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-019-00754-y","volume":"46","author":"F Kuebutornye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuebutornye F, Abarike E, Lu Y et al (2020) Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture. Fish Physiol Biochem 46:819\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10695-019-00754-y","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2351_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1293633","volume":"13","author":"V Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar V, Yasmeen N, Pandey A et al (2023) Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1293633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1293633","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2351_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01378-y","volume":"32","author":"N Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee N, Park Y, Kang D et al (2023) Paraprobiotics: definition, manufacturing methods, and functionality. Food Sci Biotechnol 32:1981\u20131991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10068-023-01378-y","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2351_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02254","volume":"91","author":"H Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li H, Qiao G, Gu J et al (2010) Phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in northeastern China. Dis Aquat Organ 91:223\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao02254","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"2351_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12453","volume":"46","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li J, Xu Y, Jin L et al (2015) Effects of a probiotic mixture (Bacillus subtilis YB-1 and Bacillus cereus YB-2) on disease resistance and non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquac Res 46:3008\u20133019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/are.12453","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-015-4149-z","volume":"34","author":"F Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li F, Gao F, Tan J et al (2016) Characterization and identification of enzyme-producing microflora isolated from the gut of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 34:153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00343-015-4149-z","journal-title":"Chin J Oceanol Limnol"},{"key":"2351_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.12.037","volume":"74","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Ren Y, Jiang S et al (2018) Effects of dietary supplementation of four strains of lactic acid bacteria on growth, immune-related response and genes expression of the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Fish Shellfish Immunol 74:69\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.12.037","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738247","volume":"555","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao Y, Liu X et al (2022) Effects of endogenous potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus M2-4 on intestinal microflora and metabonomics in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture 555:0044-8486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738247","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739399","volume":"569","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Cui Z, Cui H et al (2023) Hazardous substances and their removal in recirculating aquaculture systems: a review. Aquaculture 569:0044\u20138486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739399","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315780","volume":"19","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li B, Wang J, Ge J et al (2024a) Effects of immersion bathing in Lactobacillus plantarum CLY-05 on the growth performance, non-specific immune enzyme activities and gut microbiota of Apostichopus japonicus. PLoS ONE 19:e0315780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315780","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2351_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li C, Li X, Tan L et al (2024b) Effect of probiotic feed supplementation on skin ulceration syndrome in Apostichopus japonicus. Isr J Aquacult-Bamid 76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46989\/001c.92433","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.92433"},{"key":"2351_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2012.09.009","volume":"368","author":"Z Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Z, Ma Y, Yang Z et al (2012) Immune responses and disease resistance of the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus induced by Metschnikowia sp. C14. Aquaculture 368:10\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2012.09.009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.12.028","volume":"470","author":"N Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu N, Zhang S, Zhang W et al (2017) Vibrio sp. 33 a potential bacterial antagonist of Vibrio splendidus pathogenic to sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Aquaculture 470:68\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.12.028","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.023","volume":"102","author":"B Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhou W, Wang H et al (2020) Bacillus baekryungensis MS1 regulates the growth, non-specific immune parameters and gut microbiota of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 102:133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-022-01665-3","volume":"89","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liu Q, Bai Q et al (2023) Effects of dietary Bacillus baekryungensis on body wall nutrients, digestion and immunity of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Sci 89:233\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12562-022-01665-3","journal-title":"Fish Sci"},{"key":"2351_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.740156","volume":"579","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu L, Liu Y, Qin G et al (2024a) Evaluation of regulatory capacity of three lactic acid bacteria on the growth performance, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture 579:0044-8486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.740156","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6973951","volume":"2024","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu L, Wei C, Li Y et al (2024b) A comparative study on effects of three butyric acid-producing additives on the growth performance, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquac Nutr 2024:6973951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/6973951","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15241","volume":"52","author":"Z Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Z, Yang Q, Lin Q et al (2021) Effects of Bacillus spp. on growth, gut microbiota compositions and immunity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Aquac Res 52:3978\u20133990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/are.15241","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.10.005","volume":"34","author":"Y Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma Y, Liu Z, Yang Z et al (2013) Effects of dietary live yeast Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on the immune and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 34:66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.10.005","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-014-2340-z","volume":"13","author":"Y Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma Y, Sun F, Zhang C et al (2014) Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). J Ocean Univ China 13:1061\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11802-014-2340-z","journal-title":"J Ocean Univ China"},{"key":"2351_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13846","volume":"49","author":"Y Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma Y, Li L, Bao P et al (2018) Effects of combined dietary administration of Rhodotorula sp. H26 and Bacillus sp. BC26 on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Aquac Res 49:3792\u20133803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/are.13846","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.09.043","volume":"499","author":"Y Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma Y, Li L, Li M et al (2019) Effects of dietary probiotic yeast on growth parameters in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture 499:203\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.09.043","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5746972","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/5746972","volume":"2025","author":"NS Madhulika","year":"2025","unstructured":"Madhulika NS, Meitei MM et al (2025) Multifaceted role of probiotics in enhancing health and growth of aquatic animals: Mechanisms, benefits, and applications in sustainable aquaculture: a review and bibliometric analysis. Aquac Nutr 2025:5746972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/anu\/5746972","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030627","volume":"12","author":"Q Mang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mang Q, Gao J, Li Q et al (2024) Metagenomic insight into the effect of probiotics on nitrogen cycle in the Coilia nasus aquaculture pond water. Microorganisms 12:627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12030627","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"2351_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030242","volume":"14","author":"EAH Mohammed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammed EAH, Ahmed AEM, Kovacs B et al (2025) The significance of probiotics in aquaculture: a review of research trend and latest scientific findings. Antibiotics (Basel) 14(3):242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics14030242","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2351_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13113483","volume":"13","author":"SV Mora\u010danin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mora\u010danin SV, Danilovi\u0107 B, Milija\u0161evi\u0107 M et al (2025) Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for combating antimicrobial resistance in the food chain. Processes 13:3483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr13113483","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2351_CR55","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Probiotic bacteria and their effect on human health and well-being","author":"L Morelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morelli L (2013) Probiotics: definition and taxonomy 10 years after the FAO\/WHO guidelines. In: Guarino A, Quigley E, Walker W (eds) Probiotic bacteria and their effect on human health and well-being. Karger, Basel, pp 1\u20138"},{"issue":"5","key":"2351_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-01988-9","volume":"33","author":"A Omont","year":"2025","unstructured":"Omont A, Spanopoulos M, Pacheco JM et al (2025) Evolving challenges and innovations in sea cucumber aquaculture. Aquac Int 33(5):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-025-01988-9","journal-title":"Aquac Int"},{"key":"2351_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10229-z","author":"C Petit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petit C, Caudal F, Taupin L et al (2024) Antibiofilm activity of the marine probiotic Bacillus subtilis C3 against the aquaculture-relevant pathogen Vibrio harveyi. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10229-z","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2351_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.02.012","volume":"290","author":"Z Qi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qi Z, Zhang X, Boon N et al (2009) Probiotics in aquaculture of China\u2014current state, problems and prospect. Aquaculture 290:15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.02.012","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1054555","volume":"10","author":"M Radovanovic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radovanovic M, Kekic D, Gajic I et al (2023) Potential influence of antimicrobial resistance gene content in probiotic bacteria on the gut resistome ecosystems. Front Nutr 10:1054555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1054555","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006512","volume":"13","author":"S Ragland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ragland S, Criss A (2017) From bacterial killing to immune modulation: recent insights into the functions of lysozyme. PLoS Pathog 13:e1006512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006512","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2351_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1455905","volume":"11","author":"S Rahayu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahayu S, Amoah K, Huang Y et al (2024) Probiotics application in aquaculture: its potential effects, current status in China and future prospects. Front Mar Sci 11:1455905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1455905","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2351_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"wra133","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf133","volume":"19","author":"R Rathour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rathour R, Ma Y, Xiong J et al (2025) Hemolymph microbiota and host immunity of crustaceans and mollusks. ISME J Multidiscip J Microbial Ecol 19(1):wra133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf133","journal-title":"ISME J Multidiscip J Microbial Ecol"},{"key":"2351_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.699378","author":"W Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren W, Wu H, Guo C et al (2021) Multi-strain tropical Bacillus spp. as a potential probiotic biocontrol agent for large-scale enhancement of mariculture water quality. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.699378","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2351_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/s0044-8486(97)00299-8","volume":"160","author":"E Ringo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ringo E, Gatesoupe F (1998) Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review. Aquaculture 160:177\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0044-8486(97)00299-8","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735998","volume":"532","author":"J S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez J, Pereyra M, Alpuche J et al (2021) Pattern recognition receptors in the crustacean immune response against bacterial infections. Aquaculture 532:735998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735998","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-025-04138-9","volume":"82","author":"T Sawabe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sawabe T, Kudo R, Yu J et al (2025) Deciphering probiotic effects of Sulfitobacter pontiacus strain BL28 on the host sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Curr Microbiol 82:156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-025-04138-9","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"2351_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.013","volume":"102","author":"Y Shao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shao Y, Che Z, Chen K et al (2020) Target of rapamycin signaling inhibits autophagy in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 102:480\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109237","volume":"143","author":"Y Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao Y, Wang C, Lu T et al (2023) Dietary Bacillus cereus LS2 protects juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus against Vibrio splendidus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 143:1050-4648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109237","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12894","volume":"16","author":"M Siddik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siddik M, Julien B, Islam M et al (2024) Fermentation in aquafeed processing: achieving sustainability in feeds for global aquaculture production. Rev Aquac 16:1244\u20131265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/raq.12894","journal-title":"Rev Aquac"},{"key":"2351_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2019.1597010","volume":"27","author":"M Soltani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soltani M, Ghosh K, Hoseinifar S et al (2019) Genus Bacillus, promising probiotics in aquaculture: aquatic animal origin, bio-active components, bioremediation and efficacy in fish and shellfish. Rev Fish Sci Aquac 27:331\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23308249.2019.1597010","journal-title":"Rev Fish Sci Aquac"},{"key":"2351_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1103-x","volume":"20","author":"L Stabili","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stabili L, Terlizzi A, Cavallo R (2013) Sewage-exposed marine invertebrates: survival rates and microbiological accumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:1606\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-012-1103-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2351_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.11.051","volume":"139","author":"J Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun J, Zhang L, Pan Y et al (2015) Feeding behavior and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Physiol Behav 139:336\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.11.051","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2351_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737700","author":"N Tran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tran N, Yang W, Nguyen X et al (2022) Application of heat-killed probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737700","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25303\/2011rjbt3680389","volume":"11","author":"M Vaiyapuri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vaiyapuri M, Mothadaka MP, Sivam V et al (2025) Methodologies for determination of antimicrobial resistance in commensal and pathogens of aquaculture. Res J Biotechnol 11:368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25303\/2011rjbt3680389","journal-title":"Res J Biotechnol"},{"key":"2351_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.64.4.655-671.2000","volume":"64","author":"L Verschuere","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verschuere L, Rombaut G, Sorgeloos P (2000) Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64:655\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.64.4.655-671.2000","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"2351_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.12.028","volume":"43","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhao L, Liu J et al (2015) Effect of potential probiotic Rhodotorula benthica D30 on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immunity in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 43:330\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.12.028","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.12.026","volume":"86","author":"A Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang A, Ran C, Wang Y et al (2019a) Use of probiotics in aquaculture of China: a review of the past decade. Fish Shellfish Immunol 86:734\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.12.026","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-019-8119-8","volume":"37","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Li B, Wang Y et al (2019b) Influences of immersion bathing in Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on growth performance, non-specific immune enzyme activities and gut microbiota of Apostichopus japonicus. J Oceanol Limnol 37:1449\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00343-019-8119-8","journal-title":"J Oceanol Limnol"},{"key":"2351_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14460","volume":"51","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang G, Meng Z, Chen L et al (2020) Effects of kelp residues fermented with probiotics on the culture of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Aquac Res 51:1133\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/are.14460","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13396","volume":"27","author":"G Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang G, Jiang Y, Jiang J et al (2021) Effects of feed supplemented with probiotics on the culture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquac Nutr 27:2703\u20132711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anu.13396","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.03.043","volume":"124","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Lv C, Chen Y et al (2022) Effects of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis D1\u20132 on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal flora in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 124:12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.03.043","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2132377","volume":"64","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Ai Z, Xing X et al (2024) The ameliorative effect of probiotics on diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64:3556\u20133572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2132377","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104511","volume":"136","author":"K Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao K, Zhang S, Li C (2022) The complement system and complement-like factors in sea cucumber. Dev Comp Immunol 136:0145-0305X. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104511","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-014-2238-9","volume":"13","author":"F Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan F, Tian X, Dong S (2014a) Effect of Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 supplemented in diets on growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). J Ocean Univ China 13:805\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11802-014-2238-9","journal-title":"J Ocean Univ China"},{"key":"2351_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.10.045","volume":"420","author":"F Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan F, Tian X, Dong S et al (2014b) Growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed a supplementary diet of the potential probiotic Paracoccus marcusii DB11. Aquaculture 420:105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.10.045","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.05.032","volume":"45","author":"G Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang G, Tian X, Dong S et al (2015a) Effects of dietary Bacillus cereus G19, B. cereus BC-01, and Paracoccus marcusii DB11 supplementation on the growth, immune response, and expression of immune-related genes in coelomocytes and intestine of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka). Fish Shellfish Immunol 45:800\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.05.032","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2014.993483","volume":"27","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Z, Sun J, Xu Z (2015b) Beneficial effects of Rhodotorula sp. C11 on growth and disease resistance of juvenile Japanese spiky sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. J Aquat Anim Health 27:71\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08997659.2014.993483","journal-title":"J Aquat Anim Health"},{"key":"2351_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-015-9957-9","volume":"24","author":"G Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang G, Tian X, Dong S et al (2016a) Effects of dietary rhubarb, Bacillus cereus, yeast polysaccharide, and florfenicol supplementation on growth, intestinal morphology, and immune responses of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Aquacult Int 24:675\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-015-9957-9","journal-title":"Aquacult Int"},{"key":"2351_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12731","volume":"47","author":"H Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang H, Han Y, Ren T et al (2016b) Effects of dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) on the growth performance, digestive enzymes and selected non-specific immune responses in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Aquac Res 47:2814\u20132824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/are.12731","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"2351_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734284","volume":"512","author":"G Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang G, Tian X, Dong S (2019) Bacillus cereus and rhubarb regulate the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka): species-species interaction, network, and stability. Aquaculture 512:0044-8486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734284","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2351_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes7030134","volume":"7","author":"H Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi H, Bai Q, Li Y et al (2022) Sporosarcina aquimarina MS4 regulates the digestive enzyme activities, body wall nutrients, gut microbiota, and metabolites of Apostichopus japonicus. Fishes 7:134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fishes7030134","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"2351_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2023.106179","volume":"192","author":"Y Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu Y, Ding P, Huang X et al (2023) Bacillus licheniformis reduces mortality, improves symptoms, and controls residual pathogenicity in juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus infected with skin ulceration syndrome. Mar Environ Res 192:0141-1136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2023.106179","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"2351_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.21038","volume":"69","author":"Y Zha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zha Y, Yuan L, Li M et al (2017) Dietary probiotic Bacillus licheniformis TC22 increases growth, immunity, and disease resistance, against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. Isr J Aquacult-Bamidgeh 69:1415\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46989\/001c.21038","journal-title":"Isr J Aquacult-Bamidgeh"},{"key":"2351_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061199","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhou Y, Wang L et al (2022) Asymmetry evaluation of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) gut and its surrounding environment in the bacterial community. Symmetry 14:1199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14061199","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2351_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes10020046","volume":"10","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Che J, Sun X et al (2025) Mitigating vibrio-induced skin ulceration in sea cucumbers using probiotic strains. Fishes 10(2):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fishes10020046","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"2351_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang R, Zhang Y, Chen Y et al (2024) Effects of composite lactic acid bacteria on the growth, intestinal physiology, and non-specific immunity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Aquac Int, 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-024-01681-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01681-3"},{"key":"2351_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.01.027","volume":"32","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhang W, Xu W et al (2012) Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis T13 on growth, immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber Aposticho japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 32:750\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.01.027","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.12.035","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yuan L, Wan J et al (2016) Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus cereus EN25 on growth, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 49:237\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.12.035","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2351_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao YC, Yuan L, Li MZ et al (2017) Dietary probiotic Bacillus licheniformis TC22 increases growth, immunity, and disease resistance, against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. Isr J Aquacult-Bamid 69:1415\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46989\/001c.21038","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.21038"},{"key":"2351_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yuan L, Wan J et al (2018) Effects of a potential autochthonous probiotic Bacillus subtilis 2\u20131 on the growth and intestinal microbiota of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Journal of Ocean University of China 17:363\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11802-018-3402-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-018-3402-4"},{"key":"2351_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13236","volume":"27","author":"W Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou W, Liu B, Li Y et al (2021) Dietary supplementation with Sporosarcina aquimarina MS4 enhances juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) growth, immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection at low temperature. Aquac Nutr 27:918\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anu.13236","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"2351_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w14091386","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang L et al (2022) Characterization of the bacterial community in the ecosystem of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) culture ponds: correlation and specificity in multiple media. Water 14:1386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w14091386","journal-title":"Water"}],"container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:50:06Z","timestamp":1784037006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-026-02351-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6072","1572-9699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6072","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No animals were used for this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"138"}}