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This study did not involve human participants, patient-level data, animals, or biological experiments; it evaluated AI-generated text, literature-search results, and author-evaluator scores.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the conduct of this study, the authors used ChatGPT-4o (OpenAI) as the AI tool under evaluation for exploratory literature synthesis, hypothesis generation, and generation of preliminary experimental plans in response to author-defined prompts. The generated outputs were reviewed and evaluated by the three author-evaluators and were not treated as established scientific evidence. ChatGPT-4o was also used during manuscript revision to assist with language clarity and organization. The authors critically reviewed, verified, and revised all AI-assisted content and take full responsibility for the accuracy, interpretation, and conclusions of the published article. ChatGPT-4o was not assigned authorship and did not make decisions regarding hypothesis validity, author-evaluator scoring, statistical interpretation, or final manuscript content.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"224"}}