{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:16:35Z","timestamp":1788840995042,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T21:05:41Z","timestamp":1567631141000},"page":"331-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Heart Rate Variability, Cortisol and Attention Focus During Shamatha Quiescence Meditation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kees L.","family":"Blase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"van Waning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9448_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011","volume":"34","author":"E Adam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adam, E., & Kumari, M. (2009). Assessing salivary cortisol in large-scale, epidemiological research. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34, 1423\u20131436.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9448_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018","volume":"83","author":"E Adam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adam, E., Quinn, M., Tavernier, R., McQuillan, M., & Gilbert, K. (2017). \u2018Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology,83, 25\u201341.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"34","key":"9448_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x","volume":"1997","author":"G Berntson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berntson, G., Bigger, J. T., Eckberg, D. I., & Grossman, P. (1997). HRV: Origins, methods and interpretive caveats. Journal of Psychophysiology,1997(34), 623\u2013648.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"9448_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0062-z","volume":"182","author":"Z Bhagwagar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bhagwagar, Z., Hafizi, S., & Cowen, P. (2005). Increased salivary cortisol after waking in depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl),182, 54\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"9448_CR5","first-page":"2","volume":"33","author":"K Blase","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blase, K. (2018). Zelf het autonome zenuwstelsel in balans brengen met je hartritme. Tijdschrift Integrale Geneeskunde,33, 2.","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Integrale Geneeskunde"},{"key":"9448_CR6","first-page":"293","volume":"2016\u20134","author":"K Blase","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blase, K., van Dijke, A., Cluitmans, P., & Vermetten, E. (2016). Effectiviteit van hartritme variabiliteit biofeedback als aanvulling bij behandeling van depressie en posttraumatische stressstoornis. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie,2016\u20134, 293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie"},{"key":"9448_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.08.011","volume":"187","author":"A Chiesa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chiesa, A., & Seretti, A. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research,187, 441\u2013453.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"9448_CR8","first-page":"226","volume":"30","author":"A Chiesa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiesa, A., & Seretti, A. (2015). \u2018Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs psycho-education for patients with major depression who did not achieve remission following antidepressant treatment. Psychiatry Research,30, 226.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"9448_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3","volume":"65","author":"R Davidson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davidson, R., Kabat-Zinn, J., & Schumacher, J. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine,65, 564\u2013570.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"9448_CR10","volume-title":"Differentiele Vaardigheidstests voor Midden en Hoger Niveau, Handleiding","author":"R Dekker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dekker, R., & De Zeeuw, J. (2003). Differentiele Vaardigheidstests voor Midden en Hoger Niveau, Handleiding. Leiden: PITS Testuitgeverij."},{"key":"9448_CR11","unstructured":"Dekker, R., Dekker, P., & Mulder, J. (2007). Handleiding Cijfer Doorstreep test (CDT), PITS-Testuitgeverij."},{"issue":"25","key":"9448_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000060","volume":"2013","author":"Mineka S Doane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Doane, Mineka S., Zinbarg, R., Craske, M., & Adam, E. (2013). Are flatter diurnal cortisol rhythms associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in late adolescence? The role of life stress and daily negative emotion. Development and Psychopathology,2013(25), 629\u2013642.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"9448_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195393804.003.0009","volume":"2010","author":"R Gevirtz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gevirtz, R. (2010). Autonomic nervous system markers for psychophysiological, anxiety and physical disorders. Integrative Neuroscience and personalized Medicine,2010, 164\u2013180.","journal-title":"Integrative Neuroscience and personalized Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"9448_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5298\/1081-5937-41.3.01","volume":"41","author":"R Gevirtz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gevirtz, R. (2013). The promise of heart rate variability: Evidence-based application. Biofeedback,41(3), 110\u2013120.","journal-title":"Biofeedback"},{"issue":"15","key":"9448_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001003","volume":"47","author":"V Goesl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goesl, V., Curtiss, J., & Hofmann, S. (2017). The effect of HRV biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine,47(15), 2578\u20132586.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"9448_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.02.010","volume":"34","author":"MR Gunnar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunnar, M. R., Talge, N. M., & Herrera, A. (2009). Stressor paradigms in developmental studies: What does and does not work to produce mean increases in salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34, 953\u2013967.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9448_CR17","volume-title":"Coming to our senses-healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness","author":"J Kabat-Zinn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our senses-healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. New York: Hyperion."},{"key":"9448_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)90013-2","volume":"19\u20134","author":"C Kirschbaum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. (1994). Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology,19\u20134, 313\u2013333.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9448_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.12.009","volume":"32","author":"C Kloet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kloet, C., Vermetten, E., Geuze, E., Lentjes, E., & Westenberg, H. (2007). Enhanced cortisol suppression in response tp dexamethasone administration in traumatized veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology,32, 215\u2013226.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9448_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00756","volume":"5","author":"P Lehrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehrer, P., & Gevirtz, R. (2014). Heart rate variability biofeedback: How and why does it work? Frontiers in Psychology,5, 756.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9448_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000084832.67701.0d","volume":"42","author":"D Lipschitz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lipschitz, D., et al. (2003). Salivary cortisol responses to dexamethasone in adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,42, 1310\u20131317.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"9448_CR22","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Meditation and the neuroscience of consciousness","author":"A Lutz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lutz, A., Dunne, J., & Davidson, R. (2007). Meditation and the neuroscience of consciousness (pp. 499\u2013551). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9448_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70006-X","volume":"21","author":"P Plotsky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Plotsky, P., Owens, M., & Nemeroff, C. (1998). Psychoneuroendocrinology of depression, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychiatric Clinics of North America,21, 293\u2013307.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"9448_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.08.004","volume":"30","author":"D Polk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polk, D., Cohen, S., Doyle, W., Skoner, D., & Kirschbaum, C. (2005). Stait and trait affect as predictors of salivary cortisol in healthy adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology,30, 261\u2013272.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9448_CR25","volume-title":"The polyvagal theory, neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachement, communication selfregulation","author":"S Porges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porges, S. (2011). The polyvagal theory, neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachement, communication selfregulation. New York: Norton company."},{"key":"9448_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199903000-00012","volume":"61","author":"J Pruessner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pruessner, J., Hellhammer, D., & Kirschbaum, C. (1999). Burnout, percieved stress and cortisol responses to awakening. Psychosomatic Medicine,61, 197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"50","key":"9448_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9753-9","volume":"2016","author":"R Ryan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryan, R., Booth, S., Spathis, A., Mollart, S., & Clow, A. (2016). Use of salivary diurnal cortisol as an outcome measure in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2016(50), 210\u2013236.","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"9448_CR28","first-page":"45","volume-title":"The healing power of meditation: Leading experts on Buddhism, psychology, and medicine explore the health benefits of contemplative practice","author":"C Saron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saron, C. (2013). Training the mind: The Shamatha Project. In A. Fraser (Ed.), The healing power of meditation: Leading experts on Buddhism, psychology, and medicine explore the health benefits of contemplative practice (pp. 45\u201365). Boston MA: Shambhala Publications."},{"key":"9448_CR29","unstructured":"Saron, C., See Saron-lab, Shamatha Project, with project description and research findings, including updated scientific publications. \nhttp:\/\/saronlab.ucdavis.edu\/shamatha-project.html\n\n (visited June 21, 2018)"},{"key":"9448_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/08873260902892220","volume":"37","author":"D Siegel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siegel, D. (2009). Mindful awareness, mindsight, and neural integration. The Humanistic Psychologist,37, 137\u2013158.","journal-title":"The Humanistic Psychologist"},{"key":"9448_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00057-3","volume":"26","author":"A Stone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stone, A., Schwartz, J., Kirschbaum, C., Cohen, S., Hellhammer, D., & Grossman, S. (2001). Individual differences in the diurnal cycle of salivary free cortisol: A replication of flattened cycles for some individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology,26, 295\u2013306.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"17","key":"9448_CR32","first-page":"354","volume":"1996","author":"Taskforce of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of pacing and Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taskforce of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretations, and clinical use. European Heart Journal,1996(17), 354\u2013381.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"9448_CR33","volume-title":"Essentials of Mahamudra: Looking directly at the mind","author":"Khenchen Rinpoche Thrangu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thrangu, Khenchen Rinpoche. (2004). Essentials of Mahamudra: Looking directly at the mind. Wisdom: Somerville MA."},{"key":"9448_CR34","volume-title":"The less dust, the more trust\u2014Participating in the shamatha project, meditation and science","author":"A van Waning","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Waning, A. (2014). The less dust, the more trust\u2014Participating in the shamatha project, meditation and science. Winchester: Mantra Books, John Hunt Publishing."},{"key":"9448_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.50","volume":"66","author":"S Vreeburg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vreeburg, S., Hoogendijk, W., van Pelt, J., et al. (2009). Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: Results from a large cohort study. Archives of General Psychiatry,66, 617\u2013626.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"9448_CR36","volume-title":"The four immeasurables-cultivating a boundless heart","author":"B Alan Wallace","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallace, B. Alan. (2004). The four immeasurables-cultivating a boundless heart. NY, Snow Lion: Ithaka."},{"key":"9448_CR37","volume-title":"The attention revolution\u2014unlocking the power of the focused mind","author":"BA Wallace","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wallace, B. A. (2006). The attention revolution\u2014unlocking the power of the focused mind. Somerville: Wisdom."},{"key":"9448_CR38","unstructured":"Waning, A. van, 2011. Inside the Shamatha Project. Buddhadharma\u2014The Practitioner\u2019s Quarterly, Summer ed., pp. 38\u201345."},{"key":"9448_CR39","unstructured":"Waning, A. van, 2013. Settling the mind meditation\u2014subjectivity and beyond. In: Special edition \u2018Buddhism and Depth Psychology, refining the encounter\u2019, Spring-Journal, vol. 89, pp. 25\u201335."},{"key":"9448_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1393.002","volume":"1172","author":"G Xiong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xiong, G., & Doraiswamy, P. (2009). 2009, Does meditation enhance cognition and brain plasticity? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1172, 63\u201369.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"9448_CR41","volume-title":"Inleiding in de psychodiagnostiek; Het psychologisch testonderzoek","author":"J Zeeuw de","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zeeuw de, J. (1996). Inleiding in de psychodiagnostiek; Het psychologisch testonderzoek. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger."}],"container-title":["Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1599088519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-019-09448-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0586","1573-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0586","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}