{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:07:38Z","timestamp":1790057258564,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:56:54Z","timestamp":1790056614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Psychophysiological Effects Of 4\u20137\u20138 And Nadi Shodhana Breathing: A Randomized Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Fatma Esra","family":"Avc\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7457-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahman","family":"Aktop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1055445","volume":"17","author":"X Arakaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arakaki, X., Arechavala, R. J., Choy, E. H., Bautista, J., Bliss, B., Molloy, C., Wu, D.-A., Shimojo, S., Jiang, Y., Kleinman, M. T., & Kloner, R. A. (2023). The connection between heart rate variability (HRV), neurological health, and cognition: A literature review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, Article 1055445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1055445","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"9811_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.824406","volume":"13","author":"W Bian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bian, W., Zhang, X., & Dong, Y. (2022). Autonomic nervous system response patterns of test-anxious individuals to evaluative stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 824406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.824406","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9811_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000507","volume":"79","author":"F Bodin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bodin, F., McIntyre, K. M., Schwartz, J. E., McKinley, P. S., Cardetti, C., Shapiro, P. A., Gorenstein, E., & Sloan, R. P. (2017). The association of cigarette smoking with high-frequency heart rate variability: An ecological momentary assessment study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 79(6), 708\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000507","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"9811_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422709","volume":"15","author":"A Calder\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda, A., \u00c1lvarez-Gallardo, E., Belinch\u00f3n-deMiguel, P., & Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V. J. (2024). Gender differences in autonomic and psychological stress responses among educators: A heart rate variability and psychological assessment study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1422709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422709","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9811_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2136404","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"9811_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22585-8","volume":"25","author":"AF Cri\u0219an","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cri\u0219an, A. F., Pescaru, C. C., Maritescu, A., Carunta, V., Stoicescu, E. R., Oancea, C., Am\u0103ric\u0103i, E., & Onofrei, R. R. (2025). A 14-week structured breathing program: An investigation into its impact on psychological health parameters in university students. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 1395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-22585-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9811_CR9","first-page":"133","volume":"14","author":"M Eskin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirk\u0131ran, F., & Dereboy, \u00c7. (2013). Alg\u0131lanan Stres \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 [The adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale into Turkish]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 14(2), 133\u2013140.","journal-title":"Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"9811_CR10","unstructured":"Esmer, Y., & Ar\u0131ba\u015f, A. N. (2023). \u00d6nlisans \u00f6\u011frencilerinin gelecek kayg\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik nitel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma [A qualitative research on the future anxiety of associate degree students]. KM\u00dc Sosyal ve Ekonomik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi, 25(44), 330\u2013347. https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/pub\/kmusekad\/issue\/77943\/1244837"},{"issue":"46","key":"9811_CR12","first-page":"19","volume":"15","author":"N Gen\u00e7\u00f6z","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gen\u00e7\u00f6z, N. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi: Ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19\u201326.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"9811_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-025-02789-w","volume":"125","author":"F Giorgi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giorgi, F., & Tedeschi, R. (2025). Breathe better, live better: The science of slow breathing and heart rate variability. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 125(6), 1497\u20131505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-025-02789-w","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"issue":"4","key":"9811_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000530376","volume":"82","author":"S Immanuel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Immanuel, S., Teferra, M. N., Baumert, M., & Bidargaddi, N. (2023). Heart rate variability for evaluating psychological stress changes in healthy adults: A scoping review. Neuropsychobiology, 82(4), 187\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000530376","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9811_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-017-9364-2","volume":"42","author":"S Jimenez Morgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jimenez Morgan, S., & Molina Mora, J. A. (2017). Effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on sport performance, a systematic review. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 42(3), 235\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-017-9364-2","journal-title":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"},{"key":"9811_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104711","volume":"138","author":"S Laborde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laborde, S., Allen, M. S., Borges, U., Dosseville, F., Hosang, T. J., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Salvotti, C., Spolverato, L., Zammit, N., & Javelle, F. (2022). Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 138, Article 104711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104711","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"9811_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13952","volume":"59","author":"S Laborde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laborde, S., Allen, M. S., Borges, U., Iskra, M., Zammit, N., You, M., Hosang, T., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2021). Psychophysiological effects of slow-paced breathing at six cycles per minute with or without heart rate variability biofeedback. Psychophysiology, 59(1), Article e13952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13952","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"9811_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00756","volume":"5","author":"PM Lehrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehrer, P. M., & Gevirtz, R. (2014). Heart rate variability biofeedback: How and why does it work? Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00756","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9811_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqs140","volume":"62","author":"FX Lesage","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lesage, F. X., Berjot, S., & Deschamps, F. (2012). Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale. Occupational Medicine, 62(8), 600\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqs140","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"9811_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58291\/ijsecs.v4i2.431","author":"ARS Lestari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lestari, A. R. S., & El Barusi, A. R. (2025). Systematic literature review: Heart rate variability (HRV) as a neurobiological biomarker of mindfulness effects on emotion regulation. International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58291\/ijsecs.v4i2.431","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies"},{"key":"9811_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.038","volume":"306","author":"SK Lipson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lipson, S. K., Zhou, S., Abelson, S., Heinze, J., Jirsa, M., Morigney, J., Patterson, A., Singh, M., & Eisenberg, D. (2022). Trends in college student mental health and help-seeking by race\/ethnicity: Findings from the national healthy minds study, 2013\u20132021. Journal of Affective Disorders, 306, 138\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.038","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"9811_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031016","volume":"12","author":"PS Matusik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matusik, P. S., Zhong, C., Matusik, P. T., Alomar, O., & Stein, P. K. (2023). Neuroimaging studies of the neural correlates of heart rate variability: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(3), Article 1016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12031016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"9811_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.05.021","author":"M Mauro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mauro, M., Cegolon, L., Bestiaco, N., Zulian, E., & Larese Filon, F. (2024). Heart rate variability modulation through slow-paced breathing in health care workers with long COVID: A case-control study. The American Journal of Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.05.021","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9811_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-025-09692-3","volume":"50","author":"D Moss","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moss, D. (2025). Brain\u2013heart interactions and optimizing psychotherapy. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 50(2), 189\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-025-09692-3","journal-title":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"},{"key":"9811_CR35","volume-title":"The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation","author":"SW Porges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W. W. Norton & Company."},{"key":"9811_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Priasmoro, D. P., Asri, Y., & Maulina, R. (2025). Exploring 4\u20137\u20138 breathing for stress relief and improved quality of life in chronic and degenerative diseases: A scoping review. Proceedings of the International Conference of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children and Health, 5(1), 209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62951\/icistech.v5i1.190","DOI":"10.62951\/icistech.v5i1.190"},{"key":"9811_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1726708","volume":"16","author":"K Purcell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Purcell, K. (2025). Regulation as modulation: Autonomic flexibility as a physiological buffer in bipolar II disorder \u2014 a perspective on somatic regulation and mood stability. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, Article 1726708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1726708","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"9811_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v53i11.16959","volume":"53","author":"AM Satarkulova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Satarkulova, A. M., Usenova, A. A., Bakirova, S. S., Aisaeva, S. Y., Keneshova, K. S., & Turdubekova, M. T. (2024). Features of changes in heart rate variability among medical students during the education process. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 53(11), 2551\u20132562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijph.v53i11.16959","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"9811_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70589","volume":"13","author":"I Savulescu-Fiedler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Savulescu-Fiedler, I., Bucurica, S., Toader, I., Pistol, C., et al. (2025). Heart-focused breathing technique and attitude breathing technique effects on heart rate variability in young healthy subjects. Physiological Reports, 13(21), Article e70589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70589","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"17","key":"9811_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176536","volume":"22","author":"M Schaffarczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022). Validity of the Polar H10 sensor for heart rate variability analysis during resting state and incremental exercise in recreational men and women. Sensors, 22(17), Article 6536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22176536","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"9811_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14606","volume":"61","author":"M Schmau\u00dfer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmau\u00dfer, M., Raab, M., & Laborde, S. (2024). The dynamic role of the left dlPFC in neurovisceral integration: Differential effects of theta burst stimulation on vagally mediated heart rate variability and cognitive-affective processing. Psychophysiology, 61(9), Article e14606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14606","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"9811_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-025-02299-4","volume":"27","author":"M Schneider","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schneider, M., Rominger, C., & Schwerdtfeger, A. R. (2025). Associations between positive affect and heart rate variability: A systematic review. Current Cardiology Reports, 27, Article 148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02299-4","journal-title":"Current Cardiology Reports"},{"key":"9811_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31650","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06745-4","volume":"43","author":"ER Serrano-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Serrano-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, E. R., Czub, M., Ortega Cordero, C., L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, A. E., Ram\u00edrez-Maestre, C., Piskorz, J., & Esteve Zarazaga, R. (2024). Effect of a controlled diaphragmatic breathing session on perceived pain and state anxiety in people with chronic pain. Current Psychology, 43, 31650\u201331660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-024-06745-4","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9811_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13030127","volume":"13","author":"A Siebieszuk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siebieszuk, A., P\u0142o\u0144ski, A. F., & Baranowski, M. (2025). Breathwork for chronic stress and mental health: Does choosing a specific technique matter? Medical Sciences, 13(3), Article 127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci13030127","journal-title":"Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"9811_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","volume":"113","author":"MP Tarvainen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J.-P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-aho, P. O., & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV \u2013 Heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 113(1), 210\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9811_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","volume":"36","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thayer, J. F., \u00c5hs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., III., & Wager, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(2), 747\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"9811_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00338-4","volume":"61","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61(3), 201\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00338-4","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"9811_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-025-09750-w","author":"S Vann-Adibe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vann-Adibe, S., Tsui, H. K. H., Zhou, H. Q., Ciren, Z., Li, C., & Cha, S. K. W. (2025). Efficacy and methodology of remote heart rate variability biofeedback interventions for mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-025-09750-w","journal-title":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"},{"issue":"6","key":"9811_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9811_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770130405","volume":"13","author":"ME Wewers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wewers, M. E., & Lowe, N. K. (1990). A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing & Health, 13(4), 227\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.4770130405","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"}],"container-title":["Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:56:56Z","timestamp":1790056616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["9811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-026-09811-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0586","1573-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0586","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}