{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:15:28Z","timestamp":1792782928488,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, The Netherlands","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xaz7757","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018403","name":"Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adm Policy Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rationale: Work participation is associated with improved health and wellbeing. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs support individuals, including those with mental health problems, in obtaining and maintaining employment.\u00a0Integrating mental health and work support in VR is considered more effective but requires cross-sector collaboration.\u00a0In a Dutch region, multiple stakeholders jointly implemented a collaborative initiative, covering the access route to and the delivery of three VR interventions. This study evaluated the implementation process, outcomes, and working mechanisms of this collaborative initiative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: We conducted a mixed-methods process evaluation, including 37 interviews with 12 clients, 14 professionals, and 11 managers\/directors, supplemented by field notes and documents over a 3-year period. Monitoring data included intervention start and end dates, participation ladder (PL) level, and registered outcomes (i.e., paid employment or voluntary work). Data were analysed using the UK MRC guidelines for process evaluations, covering implementation outcomes (according to Proctor), mechanisms of impact, context, and both intended and unintended outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Between January 2021 and December 2023, 129 clients were reached. Recruitment was challenging. Referral was hindered by external professionals\u2019 limited awareness, knowledge, and belief in clients\u2019 potential. Mean duration (dose) of the intervention lasted or exceeded the original setup, aligning with client perceived needs. Monitoring fidelity ranged from 100% at the start to 89% at 12 months, indicating fair to good fidelity. Clients valued informal conversations equally or more than the structured monitoring conversations. Trust between clients and professionals enhanced the intervention experience and perceived effectiveness. From 111 out of 129 participants their outcomes were monitored: 62 (56%) entered voluntary or paid work, after participation in the intervention. Key collaborative mechanisms were mutual trust among professionals and belief in the added value of collaboration. Contextual factors included economic-financial, political-financial, and socio-psychological factors: Governmental support and the meaningfulness of work were facilitating factors, whereas barriers included legislation and stigma, including low expectations regarding the capabilities of individuals with mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Professionals\u2019 knowledge and awareness of VR interventions, alongside stigma and existing legislation influenced whether individuals with mental health issues were reached for an intervention that best fits their needs. This may lead to practice variation and unequal opportunities. Clients appreciated the multifaceted support and felt they had more choices although intervention choice was usually directed by professionals. During interventions delivery both clients and professionals valued cross-sector collaboration. Trust between client and professional and among professionals was found to be a crucial mechanism for the collaborative initiative, clients progress and VR intervention success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:43:25Z","timestamp":1790340205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Vocational Rehabilitation for people with Mental Health Problems through Intersectoral Collaboration: A Mixed-Method Implementation Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Noteboom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Salawanej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Huysmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bergmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Anema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"van Nassau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-024-10192-0","volume":"35","author":"C Adamus","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adamus, C., Richter, D., Sutor, K., Zurcher, S. J., & Motteli, S. (2025). Preference for competitive employment in people with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 35(2), 143\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-024-10192-0","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1526_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.670","volume":"11","author":"J Andersson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andersson, J., Ahgren, B., Axelsson, S. B., Eriksson, A., & Axelsson, R. (2011). Organizational approaches to collaboration in vocational rehabilitation-an international literature review. International Journal of Integrated Care, 11, Article e137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/ijic.670","journal-title":"International Journal of Integrated Care"},{"key":"1526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796024000015","volume":"33","author":"G Barbalat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barbalat, G., Plasse, J., Chereau-Boudet, I., Gouache, B., Legros-Lafarge, E., Massoubre, C., Guillard-Bouhet, N., Haesebaert, F., & Franck, N. (2024). Contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict initial referrals to psychosocial interventions in patients with serious mental illness. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 33, Article e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796024000015","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2024.101579","volume":"17","author":"S Baxter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baxter, S., Cullingworth, J., Whitworth, A., Runswick-Cole, K., & Clowes, M. (2024). Understanding interventions and outcomes in supported employment and individual placement support: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Disability and Health Journal, 17(2), Article 101579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2024.101579","journal-title":"Disability and Health Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"1526_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/15017419.2016.1222306","volume":"19","author":"IS Bonfils","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonfils, I. S., Hansen, H., Dalum, H. S., & Eplov, L. F. (2017). Implementation of the individual placement and support approach - facilitators and barriers. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 19(4), 318\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15017419.2016.1222306","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research"},{"key":"1526_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brouwers, E. P. M. (2020). Social stigma is an underestimated contributing factor to unemployment in people with mental illness or mental health issues: position paper and future directions. BMC psychology, 8(1). ARTN 36 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-020-00399-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00399-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-019-09848-z","volume":"30","author":"EPM Brouwers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brouwers, E. P. M., Joosen, M. C. W., van Zelst, C., & van Weeghel, J. (2019). To disclose or not to disclose: A multi-stakeholder focus group study on mental health issues in the work environment. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(1), 84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-019-09848-z","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1526_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.493596","volume":"33","author":"B Burstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burstrom, B., Nylen, L., Clayton, S., & Whitehead, M. (2011). How equitable is vocational rehabilitation in Sweden? A review of evidence on the implementation of a national policy framework. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(6), 453\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2010.493596","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1526_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-503","volume":"13","author":"BE Carlier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carlier, B. E., Schuring, M., Lotters, F. J., Bakker, B., Borgers, N., & Burdorf, A. (2013). The influence of re-employment on quality of life and self-rated health, a longitudinal study among unemployed persons in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 13, Article 503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-13-503","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1526_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.041475","volume":"192","author":"J Catty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Catty, J., Lissouba, P., White, S., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioritti, A., Knapp, M., Lauber, C., Rossler, W., Tomov, T., van Busschbach, J., Wiersma, D., Burns, T., Group, E. (2008). Predictors of employment for people with severe mental illness: Results of an international six-centre randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(3), 224\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.041475","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-024-00666-w","volume":"5","author":"E Chuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chuang, E., Bunger, A., Smith, R., Girth, A., Phillips, R., Miech, E., Lancaster, K., Martin, J., Gadel, F., Himmeger, M., McClellan, J., Millisor, J., Willauer, T., Powell, B. J., Dellor, E., & Aarons, G. A. (2024). Collaboration strategies affecting implementation of a cross-systems intervention for child welfare and substance use treatment: A mixed methods analysis. Implementation Science Communications, 5(1), Article 127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-024-00666-w","journal-title":"Implementation Science Communications"},{"key":"1526_CR12","unstructured":"Cissen, W. H. J. M., P.T., V. d. H., S.E., L., & I., S. (2019). Faster recovery of work participation through collaboration between specialist mental health care and Social Security Institute: a pilot study [Research article]. Tijdschr Psychiatr, 61(5), 326\u2013334."},{"issue":"10","key":"1526_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.10.1948","volume":"162","author":"JA Cook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cook, J. A., Lehman, A. F., Drake, R. E., McFarlane, W. R., Gold, P. B., Leff, H. S., Blyler, C. R., Toprac, M. G., Razzano, L. A., Burke-Miller, J. K., Blankertz, L., Shafer, M. S., Pickett-Schenk, S. A., & Grey, D. D. (2005). Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: A multisite randomized, controlled trial of supported employment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1948\u20131956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.10.1948","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230701677779","volume":"18","author":"M Corbiere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corbiere, M., & Lecomte, T. (2009). Vocational services offered to people with severe mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 18(1), 38\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638230701677779","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230701677779","volume":"18","author":"M Corbi\u00e8re","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corbi\u00e8re, M., & Lecomte, T. (2009). Vocational services offered to people with severe mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 18(1), 38\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638230701677779","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","volume":"4","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S., Alexander, J. A., & Lowery, J. C. (2009). Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science\u202f: IS, 4(1), 50\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","journal-title":"Implementation Science : IS"},{"key":"1526_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000906","volume":"29","author":"RE Drake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drake, R. E., & Wallach, M. A. (2020). Employment is a critical mental health intervention. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, Article e178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796020000906","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-2003-00174","volume":"18","author":"RE Drake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drake, R. E., Becker, D. R., Bond, G. R., & Mueser, K. T. (2003). A process analysis of integrated and non-integrated approaches to supported employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18(1), 51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JVR-2003-00174","journal-title":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1526_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-008-9165-0","volume":"41","author":"JA Durlak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3), 327\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10464-008-9165-0","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"1526_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Erp, N. H. J., Giesen, F. B. M., van Weeghel, J., de Kroon, H., Michon, H., Becker, D. R., McHugo, G. J., & Drake, R. E. (2007). A multisite study of implementing supported employment in the Netherlands. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 58(11), 1421\u20131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.2007.58.11.1421","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.11.1421"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1183-0","volume":"17","author":"E Falkum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falkum, E., Klungsoyr, O., Lystad, J. U., Bull, H. C., Evensen, S., Martinsen, E. W., Friis, S., & Ueland, T. (2017). Vocational rehabilitation for adults with psychotic disorders in a Scandinavian welfare society. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1183-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/26408066.2020.1724226","volume":"17","author":"DM Gadaire","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gadaire, D. M., & Kilmer, R. P. (2020). Use of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (Tidier) checklist in social work research. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 17(2), 137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26408066.2020.1724226","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work"},{"key":"1526_CR23","unstructured":"GAK, I. (2018). Afbakening treden participatieladder. In I. GAK (Ed.): Instituut GAK."},{"key":"1526_CR24","unstructured":"GGZ, A. (2025). GGZ Standaard: Arbeid als medicijn. Akwa GGZ. Retrieved 3\u201311\u20132025 from https:\/\/www.ggzstandaarden.nl\/zorgstandaarden\/arbeid-als-medicijn\/introductie"},{"key":"1526_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guhne, U., Pabst, A., Lobner, M., Breilmann, J., Hasan, A., Falkai, P., Kilian, R., Allgower, A., Ajayi, K., Baumgartner, J., Brieger, P., Frasch, K., Heres, S., Jager, M., Kuthmann, A., Putzhammer, A., Schneeweiss, B., Schwarz, M., Becker, T.,\u2026Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2021). Employment status and desire for work in severe mental illness: results from an observational, cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 56(9), 1657\u20131667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-021-02088-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02088-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"1526_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-023-02039-7","volume":"97","author":"RW Hijdra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hijdra, R. W., Robroek, S. J. W., Sadigh, Y., Burdorf, A., & Schuring, M. (2024). The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 97(3), 253\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-023-02039-7","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"1526_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","volume":"348","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffmann, T. C., Glasziou, P. P., Boutron, I., Milne, R., Perera, R., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Barbour, V., Macdonald, H., Johnston, M., Lamb, S. E., Dixon-Woods, M., McCulloch, P., Wyatt, J. C., Chan, A. W., & Michie, S. (2014). Better reporting of interventions: Template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ, 348, Article g1687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g1687","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"13","key":"1526_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1076075","volume":"38","author":"A Holwerda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holwerda, A., Fokkens, A., Engbers, C., & Brouwer, S. (2015). Collaboration between mental health and employment services to support employment of individuals with mental disorders. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(13), 1250\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2015.1076075","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-023-10129-z","volume":"34","author":"KME Janssens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Janssens, K. M. E., Joosen, M. C. W., Henderson, C., Bakker, M., den Hollander, W., van Weeghel, J., & Brouwers, E. P. M. (2024). Effectiveness of a stigma awareness intervention on reemployment of people with mental health issues\/mental illness: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 34(1), 87\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-023-10129-z","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"18","key":"1526_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1211758","volume":"39","author":"S Johanson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johanson, S., & Bejerholm, U. (2016). The role of empowerment and quality of life in depression severity among unemployed people with affective disorders receiving mental healthcare. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(18), 1807\u20131813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2016.1211758","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"1526_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0220233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220233","volume":"14","author":"TT Juurlink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Juurlink, T. T., Vukadin, M., Stringer, B., Westerman, M. J., Lamers, F., Anema, J. R., Beekman, A. T. F., & van Marle, H. J. F. (2019). Barriers and facilitators to employment in borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study among patients, mental health practitioners and insurance physicians. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0220233-NA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220233","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"1526_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-015-9936-7","volume":"52","author":"B Kirsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirsh, B. (2016). Client, contextual and program elements influencing supported employment: A literature review. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(7), 809\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-015-9936-7","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221074730","volume":"44","author":"M Maddineshat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maddineshat, M., Cheraghi, F., Ghaleiha, A., Khalafbeigi, M., & Sadeghian, E. (2022). Facilitators and barriers of return to work in working people with serious mental illness: A qualitative study. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 44(2), 120\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02537176221074730","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0506-3","volume":"11","author":"CR May","year":"2016","unstructured":"May, C. R., Johnson, M., & Finch, T. (2016). Implementation, context and complexity. Implementation Science, 11(1), 141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-016-0506-3","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"1526_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.5.242","volume":"21","author":"D Mechanic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mechanic, D., Bilder, S., & McAlpine, D. D. (2002). Employing persons with serious mental illness. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 21(5), 242\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.21.5.242","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Project Hope)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12848","volume":"35","author":"EA Moen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moen, E. A., Walseth, L. T., & Larsen, I. B. (2021). Experiences of participating in individual placement and support: A meta-ethnographic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(2), 343\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.12848","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"1526_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moore, G., Audrey, S., Barker, M., Bond, L., Bonell, C., Hardeman, W., Moore, L., O\u2019Cathain, A., Tinati, T., Wight, D., & Baird, J. (2015). Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 350(mar19 6), h1258\u2013h1258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h1258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258"},{"key":"1526_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-020-00023-7","volume":"1","author":"JC Moullin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Albers, B., Nilsen, P., Broder-Fingert, S., Mukasa, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2020). Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice. Implementation Science Communications, 1, 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-020-00023-7","journal-title":"Implementation Science Communications"},{"issue":"12","key":"1526_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093962","volume":"15","author":"F van Nassau","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Nassau, F., Cillekens, B., Jelsma, J. G. M., Vis, C., Mokkink, L. B., Treweek, S., van der Ploeg, H. P., e-Delphi panel, m. (2025). CONsensus-based process evaluation reporting guideline for public HEalth intervention studies (CONPHES) conducted alongside an effectiveness trial: An e-Delphi study. British Medical Journal Open, 15(12), Article e093962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093962","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06223-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Noteboom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noteboom, Y., Montanus, A. W. A., van Nassau, F., Burchell, G., Anema, J. R., & Huysmans, M. A. (2024a). Barriers and facilitators of collaboration during the implementation of vocational rehabilitation interventions: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), Article 759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06223-y","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00620-8","volume":"18","author":"Y Noteboom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noteboom, Y., van Nassau, F., Bosma, A. R., van der Hijden, E. J. E., Huysmans, M. A., & Anema, J. R. (2024b). A roadmap for sustainable implementation of vocational rehabilitation for people with mental disorders and its outcomes: A qualitative evaluation. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 18(1), Article 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13033-023-00620-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1526_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-009-9276-2","volume":"44","author":"B Nowell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nowell, B. (2009). Profiling capacity for coordination and systems change: The relative contribution of stakeholder relationships in interorganizational collaboratives. American Journal of Community Psychology, 44(3\u20134), 196\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10464-009-9276-2","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"1526_CR43","volume-title":"Sick on the job? Myths and realities about mental health and work","author":"(OECD), O. f. E. C. D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"(OECD), O. f. E. C. D. (2012). Sick on the job? Myths and realities about mental health and work. OECD Publishing."},{"key":"1526_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD. (2014). Mental health and work: Netherlands. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264223301-en","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264223301-en"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0314-z","volume":"38","author":"LA Palinkas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palinkas, L. A., Aarons, G. A., Horwitz, S., Chamberlain, P., Hurlburt, M., & Landsverk, J. (2011). Mixed method designs in implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(1), 44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-010-0314-z","journal-title":"Administration and Policy in Mental Health"},{"key":"1526_CR46","unstructured":"Phrenos Institute Wat is IPS? https:\/\/www.werkenmetips.nl\/wat-is-ips\/"},{"key":"1526_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6795","volume":"356","author":"H Pinnock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinnock, H., Barwick, M., Carpenter, C. R., Eldridge, S., Grandes, G., Griffiths, C. J., Rycroft-Malone, J., Meissner, P., Murray, E., Patel, A., Sheikh, A., Taylor, S. J., & Sta, R. I. G. (2017a). Standards for reporting implementation studies (StaRI) statement. BMJ, 356, Article i6795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i6795","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1526_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013318","volume":"7","author":"H Pinnock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinnock, H., Barwick, M., Carpenter, C. R., Eldridge, S., Grandes, G., Griffiths, C. J., Rycroft-Malone, J., Meissner, P., Murray, E., Patel, A., Sheikh, A., Taylor, S. J., & Sta, R. I. G. (2017b). Standards for reporting implementation studies (StaRI): Explanation and elaboration document. British Medical Journal Open, 7(4), Article e013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013318","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","volume":"38","author":"EK Proctor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Proctor, E. K., Silmere, H., Raghavan, R., Hovmand, P. S., Aarons, G., Bunger, A. C., Griffey, R. H., & Hensley, M. A. (2010). Outcomes for implementation research: Conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(2), 65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","journal-title":"Administration and Policy in Mental Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1526_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006457.x","volume":"101","author":"T Reker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reker, T., Hornung, W. P., Schonauer, K., & Eikelmann, B. (2000). Long-term psychiatric patients in vocational rehabilitation programmes: A naturalistic follow-up study over 3 years. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101(6), 457\u2013463.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"1526_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_321_19","volume":"12","author":"V Renjith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Renjith, V., Yesodharan, R., Noronha, J. A., Ladd, E., & George, A. (2021). Qualitative methods in health care research. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12, 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_321_19","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"1526_CR52","unstructured":"CFIR Leadership Team Research,C.R.T.-C.f.C.M. (2026). Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Retrieved 1\u2013 12-2022 from: https:\/\/cfirguide.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-2007-00381","volume":"27","author":"M Rinaldi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rinaldi, M., & Perkins, R. (2007). Comparing employment outcomes for two vocational services: Individual placement and support and non-integrated pre-vocational services in the UK. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 27(1), 21\u201327.","journal-title":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1526_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rinaldi, M., Perkins, R., Baxter, R., Dorrington, P., & Saville, K. (2024). Individual placement and support (IPS): duration of employment support and equity of access and outcome in routine clinical practice. BJPsych Bull, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjb.2024.68","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2024.68"},{"issue":"7","key":"1526_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.7.pss6207_0796","volume":"62","author":"MS Salzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salzer, M. S., Baron, R. C., Brusilovskiy, E., Lawer, L. J., & Mandell, D. S. (2011). Access and outcomes for persons with psychotic and affective disorders receiving vocational rehabilitation services. Psychiatric Services, 62(7), 796\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.62.7.pss6207_0796","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"1526_CR56","unstructured":"statistics Netherlands, (CBS) (2026). Microdata: Conducting your own research | CBS https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/en-gb\/our-services\/customised-services-microdata\/microdata-conducting-your-own-research"},{"issue":"5","key":"1526_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000238482.27270.5d","volume":"19","author":"H Stuart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stuart, H. (2006). Mental illness and employment discrimination. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(5), 522\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.yco.0000238482.27270.5d","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"1526_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suijkerbuijk, Y. B., Schaafsma, F. G., van Mechelen, J. C., Ojaj\u00e4rvi, A., Corbi\u00e8re, M., & Anema, J. R. (2017). The Cochrane Library - Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network meta\u2010analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(9), 0\u20130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd011867.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011867.pub2"},{"issue":"3","key":"1526_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10775-022-09533-3","volume":"23","author":"LM Sundermann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sundermann, L. M., Haunberger, S., Gisler, F., & Kita, Z. (2023). How do supported employment programs work? Answers from a systematic literature review. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 23(3), 659\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10775-022-09533-3","journal-title":"International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000049","volume":"37","author":"SJ Swanson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Swanson, S. J., Courtney, C. T., Meyer, R. H., & Reeder, S. A. (2014). Strategies for integrated employment and mental health services. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 37(2), 86\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/prj0000049","journal-title":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal"},{"key":"1526_CR61","unstructured":"Thomas, D. M., & Whitney-Thomas, J. . (1996). Perspectives from consumers and counselors on elements that influence vocational rehabilitation service delivery. Research to Practice. [Research to practice]. College of Management and Human Service > School of Education and Human Development > SEHD-FACULTY-PUBLICATIONS"},{"key":"1526_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trofholz, A., Shanafelt, A., Adamek, M., Grannon, K., Loth, K., Caspi, C., & Berge, J. M. (2020). Integration as a Tool for Interprofessional Work: A Synthesis of the Literature Regarding How to Use Integrative Strategies to Address Complex Public Health Problems. J Interprof Educ Pract, 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjep.2020.100383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjep.2020.100383"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903393613","volume":"44","author":"HW Tsang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsang, H. W., Fung, K. M., Leung, A. Y., Li, S. M., & Cheung, W. M. (2010). Three year follow-up study of an integrated supported employment for individuals with severe mental illness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00048670903393613","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04121-9","volume":"22","author":"M Vukadin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vukadin, M., Schaafsma, F. G., Michon, H. W. C., Cillekens, B., van de Ven, P. M., Juurlink, T., & Anema, J. R. (2022). Evaluation of an implementation strategy for individual placement and support in the Netherlands: A 30-month observational study. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), Article 473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-04121-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1729-4","volume":"18","author":"M Vukadin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vukadin, M., Schaafsma, F. G., Westerman, M. J., Michon, H. W. C., & Anema, J. R. (2018b). Experiences with the implementation of individual placement and support for people with severe mental illness: A qualitative study among stakeholders. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), Article 145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1729-4","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1526_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1729-4","author":"M Vukadin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vukadin, M., Schaafsma, F. G., Westerman, M. J., Michon, H., & Anema, J. R. (2018a). Experiences with the implementation of individual placement and support for people with severe mental illness: A qualitative study among stakeholders. BMC Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1729-4","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1526_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0466-2","volume":"44","author":"S Watzke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watzke, S., Galvao, A., & Brieger, P. (2009). Vocational rehabilitation for subjects with severe mental illnesses in Germany. A controlled study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(7), 523\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0466-2","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1526_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01890-0","volume":"55","author":"L de Winter","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Winter, L., Couwenbergh, C., van Weeghel, J., Bergmans, C., & Bond, G. R. (2020). Fidelity and IPS: Does quality of implementation predict vocational outcomes over time for organizations treating persons with severe mental illness in the Netherlands? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(12), 1607\u20131617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01890-0","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"1526_CR69","unstructured":"WSD. (2026). Ontwikkelingsgerichte Arbeidsmatige Dagbesteding. In. https:\/\/www.wsd-groep.nl\/ontwikkelingsgerichte-arbeidsmatige-dagbesteding"}],"container-title":["Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:03:19Z","timestamp":1790384599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["1526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-026-01526-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-587X","1573-3289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-587X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was assessed by the Medical Ethics Committee (METC) of Amsterdam University Medical Centre \u2013 location VU University Medical Centre (2021.0186), which declared the protocol did not fall under the scope of the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (Dutch law). The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All interview participants signed informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}