{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:23:38Z","timestamp":1791282218981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006211","name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Appl Acarol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four silica-based acaricides were examined in laboratory tests for their effectiveness against poultry red mite, <jats:italic>Dermanyssus gallinae<\/jats:italic>. All acaricides resulted in 100% mite mortality. Two groups of active ingredients could be differentiated. The products Silicosec<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Ewazid<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, based on naturally occurring diatomaceous earth (DE), killed 100% of adult <jats:italic>D. gallinae<\/jats:italic> within 48\u00a0h exposure time. The time to kill 50% of the mites (LT<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) was calculated to be 31.7 and 34.9\u00a0h, respectively. The other two products, containing aggregates and agglomerates of pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide as active ingredients, killed the mites in a significantly shorter time: LT<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> was 6.3\u00a0h for the liquid product Fossil Shield<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Instant White and 11.8\u00a0h for the powdery product Fossil Shield 90.0 White. This is more remarkable as the quantities of active ingredients used for the DE treatments were several folds higher. The effectiveness of all tested products was also shown in practical tests. A professional company treated five chicken houses on one farm in the Berlin\u2013Brandenburg region with the test products, three houses with Fossil Shield Instant White and one each with Ewazid and Silicosec. Over a period of 46 weeks after stocking, the mite development in the houses was assessed. Only in one of the houses, treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, the mite population remained permanently low. In two houses treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, small mite colonies appeared in week 36, which were controlled by a follow-up spot treatment in week 41. In the houses treated with DE, the first mite colonies appeared 12 weeks after stocking. The number increased continuously over the experimental period and in week 31 after stocking there were clearly visible colonies (2\u20133\u00a0cm diameter) and the first mites could also be detected on the chicken eggs. At this time both houses were treated again with a follow-up spot-treatment, which only led to a slight improvement in one house and to a stabilization of the infestation in the other house. In week 41, large mite colonies were detected in both houses. A spot treatment at this point was ineffective in reducing the infestation. The tests showed faster acaricidal action of the products with the synthetic active ingredients compared to the natural DE-based products. This matches the shorter killing times under laboratory conditions. The experiments in a commercial chicken farm showed that it is possible to control the mite population for a period of 46 weeks by using physically effective SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-based products. These products are therefore an effective alternative to the use of chemical acaricides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1599544963000},"page":"243-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, using silica-based acaricides"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6733-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ulrichs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdi T.","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Mewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","volume":"18","author":"WS Abbott","year":"1925","unstructured":"Abbott WS (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entom 18:265\u2013267","journal-title":"J Econ Entom"},{"key":"541_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2003.09.004","volume":"2","author":"L Arnaud","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnaud L, Tran Thi Lan H, Brostaux Y, Haubruge E (2005) Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations admixed with grain against populations of Tribolium castaneum. J Stored Prod Res 2:121\u2013130","journal-title":"J Stored Prod Res"},{"key":"541_CR3","unstructured":"Assessment Report (2016) Regulation (EU) No 528\/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Evaluation of active substances. Silicon dioxide Kieselguhr. https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/documents\/10162\/6bff79eb-7faa-183a-9498-5ca02d5ebe0d. Accessed 24 Dec 2019"},{"key":"541_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-013-0548-0","volume":"87","author":"BK Badii","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badii BK, Adarklwah C, Obeng-Ofori D, Ulrichs Ch (2013) Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Kersting\u2019s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum Harms): influence of dosage rate and relative humidity. J Pest Sci 87:285\u2013294","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"541_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.22.577","volume":"140","author":"F Beugnet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beugnet F, Chauve C, Gauthey M, Beert L (1997) Resistance of the red poultry mite to pyrethroids in France. Vet Rec 140:577\u2013579","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"541_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00167-8","volume":"79","author":"CM Chauve","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chauve CM (1998) The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778): current situation and future prospects for control. Vet Parasitol 79:239\u2013245","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"541_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-006-0127-8","volume":"3","author":"MK Faulde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faulde MK, Tisch M, Scharninghausen JJ (2006) Efficacy of modified diatomaceous earth on different cockroach species (Orthoptera, Blattellidae) and silverfish (Thysanura, Lepismatidae). J Pest Sci 3:155\u2013161","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"541_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.8.233","volume":"157","author":"MD Fiddes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fiddes MD, Le Gresley S, Parsons DG, Epe C, Coles GC, Stafford KA (2005) Prevalence of the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in England. Vet Rec 157:233\u2013235","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"541_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2292-4","volume":"10","author":"AS Flochlay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flochlay AS, Thomas E, Sparagano O (2017) Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation: a broad impact parasitological disease that still remains a significant challenge for the egg-laying industry in Europe. Parasit Vectors 10:357","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"541_CR10","unstructured":"Garrelfs I, Hiller P, Sagkob S, Diekmann L (2016) Minimierung von Federpicken und Kannibalismus bei Legehennen mit intaktem Schnabel: Neue Wege f\u00fcr die Praxis: Managementleitfaden, Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen"},{"key":"541_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1021\/tx900369x","volume":"23","author":"M Ghiazza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghiazza M, Polimeni M, Fenoglio I, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Fubini B (2010) Does vitreous silica contradict the toxicity of the crystalline silica paradigm? Chem Res Toxicol 23:620\u2013629","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"541_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660410001698001","volume":"45","author":"JH Guy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guy JH, Khajavi M, Hlalel MM, Sparagano O (2004) Red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) prevalence in laying units in northern England. Br Poult Sci 45:15\u201316","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"541_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-009-0276-7","volume":"83","author":"S Islam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Islam S, Md HM, Md, Lei C, Mucha-Pelzer T, Mewis I, Ulrichs Ch (2010) Direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the storage pests Callosobruchus maculates (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). J Pest Sci 83:105\u2013112","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"541_CR14","first-page":"590","volume":"157","author":"A Keita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keita A, Pagot E, Pommier P, Baduel L, Heine J (2006) Efficacy of phoxim 50% E.C. (ByeMite) for treatment of Dermanyssus gallinae in laying hens under field conditions. Revue de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire 157:590\u2013594","journal-title":"Revue de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire"},{"key":"541_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9232-0","volume":"48","author":"O Kilpinen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kilpinen O, Steenberg T (2009) Inert dusts and their effects on the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Exp Appl Acarol 48:51\u201362","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"541_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660400023839","volume":"46","author":"O Kilpinen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kilpinen O, Roepstorff A, Permin A, Norgaard-Nielsen G, Lawson LG, Simonsen HB (2005) Influence of Dermanyssus gallinae and Ascaridia galli infections on behaviour and health of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Br Poult Sci 46:26\u201334","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"541_CR17","first-page":"81","volume":"24","author":"A Luis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luis A, Luis G, Daian O, Pinto K, Cristiane N, Margaret D (2019) Acaricidal activity of inert powders against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (DE GEER, 1778) (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae). Arch Vet Sci 24:81\u201392","journal-title":"Arch Vet Sci"},{"key":"541_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9237-3","volume":"48","author":"M Marangi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marangi M, De Luna CJ, Cafiero MA, Camarda A, Le Bouquin S, Huonnic D, Giangaspero A, Sparangano OA (2009) Phylogenetic relationship between Dermanyssus gallinae populations in European countries based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Exp Appl Acarol 48:143\u2013155","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"541_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31795","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031795","volume":"7","author":"M Marangi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marangi M, Morelli V, Pati S, Camarda A, Cafiero MA, Giangaspero A (2012) Acaricide residues in laying hens naturally infested by red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. PLoS ONE 7:e31795","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"541_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9254-2","volume":"1\u20132","author":"V Maurer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maurer V, Perler E, Heckendorn F (2009) In vitro efficacies of oils, silicas and plant preparations against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Exp Appl Acarol 1\u20132:31\u201341","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"541_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-474X(00)00016-3","volume":"2","author":"I Mewis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mewis I, Ulrichs Ch (2001) Action of amorphous diatomaceous earth against different stages of the stored product pests Tribolium confusum, Tenebrio molitor, Sitophilus granaries and Plodia interpunctella. J Stored Prod Res 2:153\u2013164","journal-title":"J Stored Prod Res"},{"key":"541_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0605-9","volume":"101","author":"B Meyer-K\u00fchling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meyer-K\u00fchling B, Heine J, M\u00fcller-Lindloff J, Pfister K (2007) Epidemiology of Dermanyssus gallinae and acaricidal efficacy of phoxim 50% in alternative housing systems during the laying period of hens. Parasitol Res 101:1\u201312","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"541_CR23","first-page":"621","volume":"3","author":"T Mucha-Pelzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mucha-Pelzer T, Debnath N, Goswami A, Mewis I (2008) Comparison of different silicas of natural origin as possible insecticides. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 3:621\u2013628","journal-title":"Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci"},{"key":"541_CR24","unstructured":"Mul M (2016) Fact sheet: fact sheet poultry red mite in Europe. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258553789_Fact_sheet_Poultry_Red_Mite_in_Europe. Accessed 9 Apr 2020"},{"key":"541_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2011-00402","volume":"21","author":"BA Mullens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mullens BA, Soto D, Martin CD, Callaham BL, Gerry AC (2012) Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens. J Appl Poult Res 21:111\u2013116","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"key":"541_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma1951.61.287","volume":"61","author":"T Murano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murano T, Namiki K, Shilina K, Yasukawa H (2009) The development of resistance by Dermanyssus gallinae to commercial acaricides in Japan. J Japan Vet Med Assoc 61:287\u2013293","journal-title":"J Japan Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"541_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00528-3","volume":"102","author":"H Nordenfors","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nordenfors H, H\u00f6glund J, Tauson R, Chirico J (2001) Effects of permethrin impregnated plastic strips on Dermanyssus gallinae in loose housing systems for laying hens. Vet Parasitol 102:121\u2013131","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"541_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3978-6","volume":"113","author":"J Schulz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz J, Berk J, Suhl J, Schrader L, Kaufhold S, Mewis I, Hafez M, Ulrichs Ch (2014) Characterization, mode of action, and efficacy of twelve silica-based acaricides against poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in vitro. Parasitol Res 113:3167\u20133175","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"541_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9233-z","volume":"48","author":"O Sparagano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sparagano O, Pavlicevic A, Murano T, Camarda A, Sahibi H, Kilpinen O, Mul M, van Emous R, Le Bouquin S, Hoel K, Cafiero MA (2009) Prevalence and key figures for the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae infections in poultry farm systems. Exp Appl Acarol 48:3\u201310","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"541_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011613-162101","volume":"59","author":"OA Sparagano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sparagano OA, George DR, Harrington DW, Giangaspero A (2014) Significance and control of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Ann Rev Entomol 59:447\u2013466","journal-title":"Ann Rev Entomol"},{"key":"541_CR31","first-page":"269","volume":"16","author":"Ch Ulrichs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ulrichs Ch, Krause F, Goswami A, Kaufhold S, Mewis I (2008) Insektizide Wirkung eines nat\u00fcrlichen Silikates (AL06) im Vergleich zu anderen silikathaltigen St\u00e4uben gegen\u00fcber dem Kornk\u00e4fer: Sitophilus granarius (L.). Mitt Dtsch Ges Allg Angew Ent 16:269\u2013272","journal-title":"Mitt Dtsch Ges Allg Angew Ent"},{"key":"541_CR32","first-page":"299","volume":"57","author":"AD Wales","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wales AD, Carrique-Mas JJ, Rankin M, Bell B, Thind BB, Davies RH (2010) Review of the carriage of zoonotic bacteria by arthropods, with special reference to Salmonella in mites, flies and litter beetles. Zoonoses Public Health 57:299\u2013314","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"541_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c6212","volume":"167","author":"FF Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang FF, Wang M, Xu FR, Liang DM, Pan BL (2010) Survey of prevalence and control of ectoparasites in caged poultry in China. Vet Rec 167:934\u2013937","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"541_CR34","first-page":"511","volume":"46","author":"AR Wojcik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wojcik AR, Grygon-Franckiewicz B, Zbikowska E, Wasielewski L (2000) Invasion of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) in poultry farms in the Torun region. Wiad Parazytol 46:511\u2013515","journal-title":"Wiad Parazytol"},{"key":"541_CR35","first-page":"411","volume":"55","author":"J Zdybel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zdybel J, Karamon J, Cencek T (2011) In vitro effectiveness of selected acaricides against red poultry mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, De Geer, 1778) isolated from laying hen battery cage farms localized in different regions of Poland. Bulletin- Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 55:411\u2013416","journal-title":"Bulletin- Veterinary Institute in Pulawy"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Applied Acarology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T23:21:31Z","timestamp":1631056891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00541-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8162","1572-9702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8162","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}